Zengqondo Italian Lombrozo Chezare: engobomi, iincwadi, imisebenzi kunye impumelelo

Lombrozo Chezare - a criminologist edumileyo, kugqirha kunye nokuhlalisana. Nguye owasungula yesikolo Italian yokufundwa mthetho. Kweli nqaku, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi ziza kuchazwa.

Lolutsha kwakunye namaziko emfundo

Lombrozo Chezare wazalwa e Verona ngo-1836. usapho lo mfana yaba kakhulu owayesisityebi, njengoko eziphantsi kakhulu umhlaba. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, ezinjengoCesare wafunda IsiTshayina kunye neelwimi kwamaJuda. Kodwa wasilela ukwenza umsebenzi ezolileyo. Umqukumbelo inqaba ngamacala iyelenqe, nasekusweleni eziphathekayo, ukuthatha inxaxheba emfazweni bavuswe umfana abanomdla zengqondo. Inqaku lokuqala ngalo mbandela epapashwe ezinjengoCesare kwiminyaka-19, edlula sokuzikhethela, yezonyango yemfundo (University of Pavia). Babethetha ngale ngxaki kugqirha cretinism elizayo. wafundisa Umfana ngokwakhe izifundo enzima efana nococeko lwentlalo kunye ethnolinguistics. Ngowe-1862 waba unyuselwe unjingalwazi amayeza, yaye kamva - yokufundwa mthetho kunye zengqondo ngokusemthethweni. Lombroso senza ikliniki lwesifo sengqondo. A indima uluhlu yakhe yengqondo wayedlala ifilosofi positivism. main postulate Its - imvume kuqala ulwazi lwenzululwazi, leyo ifunyenwe ngokomfuniselo.

indlela yabantu

Chezare Lombrozo umsunguli imikhwa yabantu umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye wolwaphulo mthetho. Ezona mpawu ziphambili le ntsingiselo ukuba wolwaphulo mthetho kufuneka ufake iindlela nenzululwazi yendalo - ngokubona nangamava. Yaye ngubani umenzi wobubi kufuneka ibe sezifo.

Uphando lokuqala anthropometric

Baye zaye zabanjwa ukuze izazinzulu kwi 60s kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. EzinjengoCesare ukuba ugqirha ukusebenza, kwaye kananjalo inxaxheba nkampani zokuphelisa banditry emazantsi eItali. Ndawonye yi izinto statistical Professor uye waba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso yokufundwa mthetho kunye nokhathalelo lwentlalo. Le Isazinzulu ngokuhlalutywa ubungqina ngokwamava wagqiba ukuba iimeko amahlwempu zentlalo noqoqosho kumazantsi eItali, negalelo ekuzalweni kule ndawo ngengqondo abantu anatomically uhlobo anomalous. Ngamanye amazwi, ezi ubuntu eqhelekileyo mthetho. Le anomaly ezinjengoCesare etyhilwe iimviwo zengqondo kunye anthropometric. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, waza wenziwa phambili-ukukhangela uhlolo Dynamics ulwaphulo-mthetho. komqondo indlela sesayensi wakhe uye umngeni isikhundla ezisemthethweni Crimilogy, lawo ayefakwe kuyo uxanduva kwi umntu othe waphula umthetho.

craniography

Lombroso, kanye yokuqala abaphandi isicelo indlela anthropometric usebenzisa craniography. EzinjengoCesare Esi sixhobo silinganisa ubungakanani intloko kunye umntu orhanelwa. Iziphumo epapashwe kumsebenzi "Anthropometry 400 abaphuli-mthetho", nto leyo yakhululwa 1872.

Ingcamango "isaphuli ozelwe"

I Isazinzulu ukwakhiwa ngo-1876. Kwaba lelo xesha ke washiya umsebenzi wakhe "Le ndoda-mthetho." EzinjengoCesare ukholelwa ukuba izaphula abayifumani, oko kukuthi wazalwa. Oko kukuthi, ngokutsho Lombroso, ulwaphulo - kukwayinto entle kwizimanga zendalo, ezifana ukufa okanye ukuzalwa. Le njingalwazi wafikelela kwesi sigqibo ngokuthelekisa iziphumo izifundo nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, amalungu kunye nokwakheka wabenzi bobubi abo data anthropometric. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umoni i bonakele, lisasalele emva kakhulu kuphuhliso zalo nasekusungulweni umntu oqhelekileyo. Onjalo umntu akakwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha zabo, kwaye eyona ndlela - ukuba ukohlukana naye, angabi ubomi okanye inkululeko.

Kukho kwakhona ukuhlelwa zabaphuli mthetho, owasungulwa ezinjengoCesare Lombroso. Iintlobo-mthetho, ngokokubona kwakhe, zezi: amasela, izidlwengu, amasela kunye nababulali. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu angaphakathi uhlobo atavistic abonisa ubukho olungaka mthetho kunye slippage kophuhliso. UProfesa stigmata eyabelwe (Iimpawu zomzimba) kunye neempawu ngengqondo, ubukho leyo eya kunceda ukuchonga umntu, benawo ngokuzalwa utyekelo mthetho. Iimpawu eziphambili umoni ezinjengoCesare wacinga shazi sidelong, imihlathi enkulu, ibunzi ephantsi, ukushwabana impumlo yakhe, njalo njalo. D. ebusweni babo yenza kube lula ukuchonga umenzi wobubi phambi nokugunyaziswa ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwalo. Kule nkalo, i-nzulu efuna ukutsala ngabagwebi kwezentlalo, iingcali ngemvelaphi kunye noogqirha, kwaye umbuzo unetyala endaweni imbambano harmfulness lwentlalo.

Hi ndlela leyi, ngalo mzuzu imilinganiselo anthropometric zenziwa phantse onke amazwe ehlabathini. Kwaye oku ekuso hayi kuphela iinkonzo zokhuseleko kunye nomkhosi. Umzekelo, ulwazi anthropometry ezifunekayo ekwakheni izinto kunye izinto zokunxiba kwakunye isifundo kweemalike yabasebenzi (abasebenzi).

theory lobubi

EzinjengoCesare Lombroso imibono yesayensi baba ngenene kwaye alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo iimeko zentlalo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngoko ke, ingcamango ISAZINZULU ndazi ukugxeka. EzinjengoCesare wade ukuthamba isikhundla sakhe. Ngemisebenzi yakhe kamva, yena zichongwe uhlobo bafune yabantu,%-40 kuphela zabaphuli mthetho. Kwakhona, i-nzulu wayibona ukubaluleka non-amafa - yokuhlalisana kunye psychopathological - oonobangela bolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oko kubizwa ngokuba biosotsiologicheskoy theory.

"Genius and engqondweni"

Mhlawumbi umsebenzi edume Chezare Lombrozo. "Genius kunye engqondweni" yabhalwa nguye ngo-1895. Kule ncwadi, lo njingalwazi wabeka phambili ithisisi main omnye. Ithi: "Le misebenzi - lo msebenzi ubuchopho okungaqhelekanga, ngomda kunye psychosis sokuwa." EzinjengoCesare wabhala ukuba physiologically ngokufanayo buchopho phithi nje emangalisayo. Bona ndizilandile nje indlela efanayo isimo esesibhakabhakeni, kunye esinazo kunye nobuhlanga kuchaphazela ukuzalwa kwabo ngendlela efanayo. buchopho ezininzi engqondweni. Ezi ziquka: Schopenhauer, Rousseau, Newton, Swift, Cardano, Tasso, Schumann, Comte, Amps kunye nenani amagcisa kanye nosaziwayo. Xa sisihlomelo incwadi yakhe Lombroso wachaza ukungaqheleki ye-buchopho, yaba lukakayi, wabanika nemizekelo yemisebenzi yoncwadi ababhali crazy.

Kwabantu, ulwaphulo-mthetho yezopolitiko

intwana wakhe ezixabisekileyo lemveli ngohlobo uphando, ezinjengoCesare wemka olu qeqesho. "Anarchists" isincoko kunye 'revolution kwezopolitiko kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho "- le misebenzi mibini, ebhalwe kulo mbandela. Le misebenzi usathandwa kwi Scientist ekhaya. Lo mkhuba olwaphulo kwezopolitiko owawugquba Italy 19-20 leminyaka ngokohlobo ubugrogrisi anarchist. Professor wayeyihlola ukuqonde, ucinga umoni, ngubani bafeza abazinikele yenziwayo nephupha of ubulungisa kwezentlalo. Uhlobo loo isazinzulu yokuziphatha wachaza uphelelo iinjongo eziphezulu ubulungisa kwezentlalo, nobuqhophololo abezopolitiko kunye nengxaki intando kwiPalamente Italian.

Omnye umsebenzi adumileyo ezinjengoCesare Lombroso - "Uthando kwi ziingqondo." Libonisa okubonakalisa iimvakalelo abantu abagula ngengqondo.

Intshayelelo ukulawula basabela nokomzimba

EzinjengoCesare Lombroso, ogama iincwadi baziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, uye waba ngowokuqala esetyenziswa kwinzululwazi lwasenkundleni ukuphumeza zomzimba. Ngowe-1880, oososayensi baqalisa ilinganisa abarhanelwa ukubetha kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ngethuba lenkqubo ngemibuzo. Ngenxa yoko, wayengakwazi lula ukubona mthetho okunokwenzeka ulele okanye hayi. A isixhobo sokubala uxinzelelo kunye ukubetha ebizwa ...

plethysmograph

Ngowe-1895, Lombrozo Chezare wapapasha iziphumo ezifunyenwe emva kokuba isicelo yezixhobo zelebhu ngexesha ancinwe. Kwenye yezi zifundo unjingalwazi kusetyenziswa "plethysmograph". Le lokulinga kwenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umrhanelwa ukubulala wafuna ukwenza ingqondo uthotho izibalo. Kulo mzekelo, isixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ebhalwe ukubetha. Abaphangi ezinokwenzeka baye babonisa imifanekiso embalwa abantwana iingxwelerha (phakathi kwabo kwakukho inkcazo ntombazane). Kwimeko yokuqala, ukubetha kwentliziyo yakhe watsiba, kwaye eyesibini elisondele kakhulu. Kule ezinjengoCesare wagqiba ukuba msulwa umrhanelwa ngayo. Kwaye ke iziphumo zophando ziye yaqinisekisa ukuba ukhwankqe kunene. Mhlawumbi ityala yokuqala ezibhalwe kwiincwadi ukusetyenziswa yobuxoki tshin, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni le ungenatyala. Wathi ukuba iliso reactions komzimba womntu nje zityhila ulwazi efihlakeleyo kubo, kodwa ukumisela msulwa.

Scientist wafa eTurin ngowe-1909.

Lombroso e Russia

izimvo unjingalwazi wolwaphulo mthetho ayethe eyaziwa kwilizwe lethu. Bona zimelwe eziliqela ebomini bakhe kunye iintlelo Kubala of ezinjengoCesare Lombroso: "Mfazi-mthetho kunye ihenyukazi", "Anti-ewabek", "anarchists," njl Ngowe-1897, enye ingcali yenzululwazi wafika Congress of oogqirha Russian owaba ulwamkelo Italian inxaxheba ngolangazelelo olukhulu. Xa yakhe, ezinjengoCesare ubonise ukuba thuba ngobomi bakhe. Wakukhalimela umyalelo bentlalo ubungonyama bamapolisa Russian ( "uhlobo ingcinezelo, isazela, iingcinga ubuntu") kunye authoritarianism.

Lombrozianstvo

Igama elithi kabanzi kwixesha eSoviet kunye nolwalathiso yesikolo yabantu nemiba yomthetho mthetho. Ingakumbi wagxeka iimfundiso ezinjengoCesare A wazalwa mthetho. bewenza Soviet babekholelwa ukuba indlela enjalo kuchasene kumgaqo semthethweni, kwakunye orientation mva kwaye anti-zikazwelonke ukususela ugxeke isenzo olululo abantu kakubi. Loo ndlela namkhethe yembono aqatywe unjingalwazi ayifanelwe bucala ezininzi kuphononongo ingcambu zoqhankqalazo kunye eziyingozi iindlela yomzabalazo lwentlalo.

isiphelo

Nangona iimpazamo kunye ukugxekwa kwezinye iinkolelo ingcamango yakhe, Lombrozo Chezare - enye izazinzulu kakhulu kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Yena waba nguvulindlela kwintshayelelo nenzululwazi ngokusemthethweni iindlela njongo. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe wanikwa negalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso psychology zomthetho kunye wolwaphulo mthetho.