Eziluzizi: uqhagamshelwano yesekethe, ncomo. Eziluzizi - ntoni na?

Abantu basebenzisa indawo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye le misebenzi ifuna iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya. Kuyinto elula ukuba ukulungisa nokuvula umbane eziluzizi - kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki ukuba likuvumela ukuba utshintshe inqanaba ukukhanya "phantse mnyama" de ukubonakala epheleleyo ngokucima nje iinqanam okanye uhambise ingalo.

Kutheni dimmers?

nokukhanya esendlwini endlwini kubaluleke kakhulu. Inqanaba igumbi ngalinye sithi makubekho into kwaye awukwazi ukuyenza, kwaye oko kunefuthe elikhulu iimvakalelo zakho. Ngokomzekelo, ungakwazi ukufunda ikhandlela enye, kodwa isidlo yothando ezimbini ukuze kubonakale mnandi kangaka 1.5 kilowatt-halogen isibane.

dimmers Modern, ukufiphala umz Legrand, ukuvumela ukuba ulungise kakuhle izibane ukhanyiso kunye izibane yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

dimmers Resistor

Ekuqaleni, ukunyenyisa kwinqanaba ukukhanya isetyenziswa kakhulu isisombululo esilula - a resistor variable eqhagamshelwe njenge umbane eziluzizi. Kwanika? Oqhelekileyo wirewound resistor kukho ucingo obhityileyo, nto leyo idala ethile (ixabiso nominal ngokuhambelana) luvukelo kwintshukumo kweentlawulo zombane. Uyilo resistor bume, ukongeza izinto resistive kunye nabafowunelwa ezimbini nezicwangcisiweyo, esinye kunye nomfowunelwa ihambe nawe. Ngu yombane i element idibanisa mobile kwaye enye abafowunelwa ezisisigxina.

Kwesi sakhiwo, uxhathiso elipheleleyo resistor isahluka ngokulungisa komgama ophetheyo kufuneka adlule umbandela resistive, kodwa ethetha nje - ubude wire ukusuka zigxunyekwe qha eshukumayo. Xa ngaba umfowunelwa ezinokususwa ikufuphi esisigxina (eqhagamshelwe wesekethe), lo resistor ukuba kuncinane. Ukuba ishenxiselwe kumfowunelwa yesibini amisiweyo, intlawulo kufuneka adlule umbandela resistive.

Xa intlawulo izanyazanyiswa imikhosi zombane ngokusebenzisa resistor, amandla alo alahlekelwe bubushushu. Ukuba ubeka into resistor kwisekethe series, ilahleko amandla kuyo kubangele ahambelanayo idrophu ombane ngapha resistor, ukunciphisa amandla ekhoyo ezinye layisha (iglowubhu yesibane, umzekelo). Ukunciphisa ombane kwi kwibhalbhu kunciphisa imveliso ukukhanya kwayo.

Ingxaki kule isisombululo kukuba ekugqibeleni uchitha amandla amaninzi ukuya resistor ubushushu, nto leyo alumeke igumbi lakho, kodwa iya kuxabisa idenariyo entle. Kwakhona amandla nokungasebenzi, resistor zokucima nokuvula umbane eziluzizi ngokuqhelekileyo ngumsina ngokwenza ingozi yomlilo, njengoko kukhupho resistor bume ubushushu omkhulu. izixhobo ngoku sebenzisa indlela ngakumbi kakuhle.

isimiso ukusebenza

Ngoko ke, eneneni umbane eziluzizi. Ithetha ntoni loo nto ngokwemigaqo umahluko ukusuka resistor? Kunokuba uthathe amandla okukhanya ukumelana variable, dimmers mihla xa utshintsho ngalunye kweli xesha langoku, ngokufutshane ukugubungela indlela isicatshulwa yayo, ukwehlisa imali iyonke wamandla dissipated yonke kwikhonkco. Kubonakala ukuba ngoku ibhalbhu ilayite off amaxesha amaninzi ngomzuzwana.

kokusebenzisa ixesha mjikelo yakhiwa malunga nendlu AC oscillations. Zinelungelo wokwephuka eyahlukileyo ombane - kwi wave yangoku sinusoidal bahambe ezindulini ngayo iyahluka ukusuka eliphezulu omhle elibi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngentlawulo elihambayo, nto leyo ifildi ngoku, ayatshintsha lwayo of motion. ERashiya, oko ucanda umjikelezo utshintsho (kwentlawulo motion kwicala elinye, ngoko enye) izihlandlo-50 ngomzuzwana.

"Break" sine wave zangoku kwi ngasinye kwisiqingatha-lomjikelo ngayo - yiloo nto eyenza umbane eziluzizi. Kuthetha ukuthini? Kungcono ninikane ngokuzenzekelayo le wesekethe bulb ukukhanya ixesha ngalinye ukutshintsha kwicala lwangoku, oko kukuthi, xa ombane zero kwisekethe. Oku kwenzeka kabini kumjikelo ngamnye, okanye amaxesha 100 intshizi ngesekondi. ubonelelo idlalayo wesekethe isibane ivuliwe kwakhona xa ombane liphuma ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

Lo mgaqo - "ukuquka umgangatho" - Ichaza indawo usiba lakho iswitshi umbane eziluzizi. Ukuba efakwe kwi imeko ukukhanya, kungcono ninikane ngokukhawuleza kakhulu emva ukuvalwa. Le nkqubo iqukiwe ezininzi kumjikelo, ukuze ukuba liqhuba amandla ngakumbi yesibini ngamnye ibhalbhu. Ukuba umbane eziluzizi imiselwe ukuba ukhanyiso ephantsi, iza kulindela emva ngokucima elide de akayi bukele kwakhona ekupheleni komjikelo.

Le ngcamango, kodwa eneneni isebenza eziluzizi? Ukuqhuba ngokunxulumana enikwe kwicandelo elilandelayo, uya kuphendula lo mbuzo.

Isixhobo ukufiphala electronic

Thina sele siyazi ukuba ngokukhawuleza uza kususa ukukhanya kwisekethe ukunciphisa amandla anikiwe isibane. Kodwa, ingakumbi umbane eziluzizi ngokwawo - ntoni na? Into engundoqo kwisekethe yayo yi semiconductor ac iswitshi okanye triac.

Triac - a encinane isixhobo semiconductor, efana diode okanye transistor. Njengabo, triac Wenziwe ziimaleko ezahlukeneyo izinto semiconductor. Phakathi kwabo, izinto uhlobo-n, nto leyo eye a lot of elektroni simahla kunye nezinto p-hlobo ukuba "imingxuma" abaninzi apho electron ezamahala ongenakugqithwa.

Le triac uyakwazi Kwathi ngoku wokwephuka ezahlukeneyo ombane izicelo noko, oko kukuthi zombini nesiqingatha-Imijikelo AC-mbane ombane, kodwa kuphela ukuba i electrode wesithathu - .. Isango - ombane ulawulo olusetyenziswayo. Kwaye kunjalo, enyanisweni, ukubaleka umbane eziluzizi. Le nkqubo ingezantsi ibonisa icinyiwe ngayo.

Le ombane kwi esangweni triac, apho kuyimfuneko ukuvula enikezelweyo kunye capacitor yokugcina, kunye nexesha kwentlawulo layo ukususela ekuqaleni wesiqingatha-ixesha ombane unikezelo ulawula a resistor variable. Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni kule nkqubo? Ngamafutshane:

• Triac uba umkhethi ombane.
• Le ombane isango ulawula ixesha uquko.
• A resistor variable icwangcisa ombane esangweni.
• Ukunyathela umcephe wokunyusa yenzelwe lungisani amaza yangoku kwisekethe unikezelo isibane lwamandla (bona. Alandelayo. Section).
• Ingcinezelo capacitor kuthintela isizukulwana yesekethe uphazamiseko umbane eziluzizi.

Ixhuma kwinethiwekhi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke unomathotholo ezakheke zombane kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ngasentla, i nokuvula umbane eziluzizi shelwe izindlu, nto leyo eye ezinjengeetheminali ezimbini kuphela ukuba ifowuni womnatha ezi-zombane. Ngoko ke, malunga nokuphunyezwa buchwepheshe uqhagamshelo nokuvula umbane eziluzizi fanekiso ngokupheleleyo ukuya eqhelekileyo esibondeni-ezimbini iswitshi. Ngendlela, ezinye yoyilo zabo uneswitshi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi liqhagamshelene igalelo lonke icebo, isitshixo walo ibekwe ecaleni iinqanam yolawulo. Ngoko ke, odibanisa nokuvula umbane eziluzizi, njengoko kunjalo yokuqhagamshelana iswitshi eqhelekileyo, yenze la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukumisela isibane okanye izibane kwiqela kolawulo ukuba umbane eziluzizi.
2. Bala ngoku ndiyaphela izixhobo zokukhanyisa xa enikwe ngaphandle umbane eziluzizi.
3. Khetha i nokuvula umbane eziluzizi kunye ubukhulu olusebenza ngoku ongekho ngaphantsi kunoko ababebafumene Sec. 2.
4. Beka nokuvula umbane eziluzizi kwi ndawo ekunene kwaye uqhagamshele kwinethiwekhi njenge eqhelekileyo isibonda-ezimbini iswitshi. Qaphela apha ukuba naluphi na utshintsho ekufuneka ifakwe kwisigaba ethubeni umqhubi, hayi "kiswano", vol. E. Kufuneka sibe kwikhonkco yokumpompoza yangoku isibane (s), kodwa hayi emva kwayo.

yesekethe nokuvula umbane eziluzizi Real kube nzima ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, kukho kusenokuba kukho umbane eziluzizi lobekelo kude nge remote control, switchable (ngokuzenzekela) a timer eqhagamshelwe uluhlu "ndlu smart", kwakunye ne luhlobo ive okanye ngelizwi. Noko ke, konke oku "Akunakuba smart" efihliweyo ngaphakathi kwisixhobo, kwaye inkqubo kokuqhagamshelana Inethiwekhi intsonkothile.

izibane Buzz phambi dimmers

Ngokwembono iqela labasebenzisi, ngokudibanisa endaweni zizakucima zilayite zitshiphu nokuvula umbane eziluzizi amandla yesekethe yale igqengezelayo weva ayihlali engaqhelekanga. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukuhla nokunyuka olu cingwana isibane zibangelwa ngokutshintsha amaza yangoku kubonelelwa ukusuka triac.

Njengoko usazi, i yangoku ayahamba na ngcingo ivelisa ibutho lo mhlaba otsalayo luye ngoku ababangela enyuka zibuthe. Ntambo kwi bulb nje uwele wire leyo, ukuba solenoid lowo magnetized ngokuthi bapase ezikhoyo kulo, kunye nemagnethi oscillates kunye amaza ifildi yangoku.

Eziqhelekileyo sinusoidal ifildi ngoku esi sehla ngcembe njengoko lentsimi yayo ngemagnethi. Ekhoyo evela nokuvula umbane eziluzizi batshintshwa zivele xa triac kokuba conductive. Olu tshintsho ngesiquphe kweyangoku utshintsha lo mhlaba otsalayo ngokukhawuleza, oko kunokubangela Intshukumo olu cingwana. Ukongezelela ekuveliseni isandi nindumzele ethambileyo umngena ukutshintsha zibuthe uya kuvelisa imiyalezo erediyo ezinokuthi ziphazamise TV osecaleni okanye irediyo!

Uninzi dimmers ziqulathe amacandelo ezongezelelweyo ukuphelisa ayihlali isiphumo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unxulumano yaloo mmandla nokuvula umbane eziluzizi iquka ziliminxe ezenza (bona. Le nkqubo ngasentla), nto leyo ucingo elide ibhijelwe i core yentsimbi, kunye capacitor ingcinezelo olongezelelweyo. Zombini zingaba ukugcina okwethutyana amandla ombane (ngohlobo lwamandla magnetic intsimi, ngoku, namandla kagesi) kwaye zisebenza ngayo kamva. Le amandla smoothes i spikes ombane elibukhali ezibangelwa wayicima triac ukunciphisa hum kunye ukuphazamiseka.

Dimmers kunye nezibane

Dimmers ukudala umoya intuthuzelo ekhayeni ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla. Noko ke, asingabo bonke ugesi ehambelanayo nawo, yaye oko kunokubangela iingxaki ze abanikazi. abathengi abaninzi ukupapasha ezingakhiyo malunga ummiselo nokuvula umbane eziluzizi ukukhanya, kodwa uhlalutyo iimpendulo sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ababhali nje eziqhelekileyo kunye nemigaqo kwezibane ehambelanayo kunye dimmers kunye.

Iibhalbhu luphawulwa amandla ombane. Ukuba ukhetha i ukufiphala engalunganga ezinye iintlanga ukua kubo sempi zidale iingxaki. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha isibane ukufiphala, abantu kufuneka bazazi iindidi ezahlukeneyo yaye bafunde ukukhetha isebenzisane kuphela dimmers zabo ezikhoyo.

Abaxumi bangakhetha yale igqengezelayo, halogen, ezijiko kunye nezibane LED. Iindidi zokuqala ezimbini izibane ukulawula ngokulula dimmers, ngoxa izibane ezibengezelayo LED elikhulu imveliso ukukhanya, umsebenzi eninzi kunye ngaphantsi kakhulu ifowuni umbuzo.

zigqengezelayo

zigqengezelayo isebenza kuba umsinga wombane ugqitha filament yayo kumo kwaye iqala evutha. Ezi iibhalbhu ukukhanya izihlobo zabo ekufuphi - izibane halogen (enyanisweni, izibane cingwana efanayo, kodwa kongezwe iikhompawundi halogen aqulethe kungena iselwa ukuthintela komphunga umbandela cingwana), zezona ibhalbhu umbono kakhulu ngevangeli, ngokuba zisebenza kunye nawuphi na umbane eziluzizi. Baya ungenako ukubathwala ombane aphezulu kakhulu, kodwa kakuhle ngokwaneleyo kwinqanaba yayo efanelekileyo. Ngokoluvo abo abathengi abafuna ukugcina amandla wandise ubomi bulb ngokusetyenziswa dimmers, isebenza kakuhle kakhulu. abasebenzisi abaninzi ingxelo ukuba ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo ezi dimmable umsebenzi ayibizi kwakunye ngemizekelo phambili. Ukuba luphele phantse ngokupheleleyo xa iswitshi nokuvula umbane eziluzizi icinyiwe nje ngentla.

izibane ezibengezelayo

Ezi nezibane ngaphakathi ibhalbhu ye umphunga mercury. Eyenziwe kubo radiation bubushushu ultraviolet Iyandonwabisa le phosphor, egubungela iindonga ngaphakathi ebhalbhu ukuze kukhutshwe ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Abanye abasebenzisi kwiirivyu zabo zibonisa ukuba nje off emazantsi nokuvula umbane eziluzizi uluhlu lolawulo izibane zazo. Le nto ukuba usebenzise babizwa ngokuba izibane ezibengezelayo ezibumbeneyo bangabi yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa dimmers ukuba kowu ofakela ombane aphantsi kulo lonke icebo, nje ucime isibane, yaye akayi kubuna. Ukusebenzisa umbane eziluzizi kunye isibane, masibe zokulinganisa dimmable, yintoni kufuneka kuboniswe kumqulu. Ezinye dimmers yemigangatho iyahambelana isibane, kodwa hayi zonke. Abaxumi kufuneka ukhethe nokuvula umbane eziluzizi 220 kunye ebonisa umenzi malunga zokungahambisani kwawo, kwanezibane ezibengezelayo.

iibhalbhu LED

umsebenzi lwabo luxhomekeke kubuchule aqhubela electron zokukhanya diode esikhupha ezisebenzisana with "imingxuma" Ngokuqinisekileyo ityala kwaye ihlaba photons nezithi zikhuphe chweba. Abaqiniseki eliqaqambileyo ngaphezu izibane ezibengezelayo, kodwa uhlengahlengiso ukukhanya uluhlu ilinganiselwe kuphela ekuyilweni uquko. Ngokutsho ingxelo yabathengi, i-LED ithambekele zicinyelwe kwi ngobunzulu kuluhlu esezantsi, kwaye kwakhona kuboniswe oluneentlobo ezahlukeneyo dimmers. Xa ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo uya yokudanyaza kunye nokunyuka ombane, LED usenokude cima okanye yokudanyaza ngokugqithiseleyo.

Ukukhethwa isibane efanelekileyo

Xa uthenga Umboleki kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba izibane ezingqengezelayo ukuze mfiliba ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya kwi-100 ekhulwini, kwaye beso kunye LED asikwazi eziqhutshwa ngaphantsi 10-20% yexabiso elifanelekileyo, nokubengezela kwawo, ukuze bemizi aziyi kuba nako ukuphumeza inqanaba labo intuthuzelo. Ngaphezu koko, izibane ezibengezelayo kunye LED kufuna imali eninzi kakhulu nezintsonkothileyo LED umbane eziluzizi. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, zikunikeza imali amandla ebalulekileyo.

Ukukhethwa ukufiphala efanelekileyo

dimmers Modern, umzekelo nokuvula umbane eziluzizi Legrand (ibhekisela yonke kumgca brand), yenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kuquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo photocells, abenzi eshukumayo izibambi. Xa imali kwezi zixhobo bantu kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba dimmers yesekethe phambili ziyilelwe ukuba ibhalbhu ophezulu kakuhle. Nangona izixhobo zexabiso eliphantsi zanele ngokuba izibane ezingqengezelayo kunye halogen.

Ebeka wenza abasebenzisi abaninzi ngokutsha dimmers, umntu ukucinga ukuba iziphumo mkhulu ubunzima ekusetyenzisweni kwabo kunokuqulunqwa kumakhaya, enakhanyiselwa ngayo ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo yemveli. Emva nokuvula umbane eziluzizi ikuvumela ukuba ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngaphandle kokutshintsha ibhalbhu cheap kwi ezijiko zexabiso okanye LED. Ukuba indlu sele ugqityiwe iindidi ezintsha ze izibane, ifuthe ephambili iqulathe ekwandiseni izakhiwo ulawulo izibane uyakwazi ukunikeza "phambili" imodeli nokuvula umbane eziluzizi, umzekelo ekude nokuvula umbane eziluzizi, nto leyo evumela ukulawula zokukhanya kweendawo kunye kolawulo lobekelo kude, ngaphandle kokuba up.