Zamob "uMikhail Lermontov": iinkcukacha ukufa

NgoFebruwari 1986, kule lexinene elibizwa igama Cook, kufuphi nonxweme New Zealand, kwakukho inqanawa: yazika inqanawa eSoviet "uMikhail Lermontov", nto leyo yaba ngaphezulu kwe asixhenxe anamashumi mahlanu abantu. Ngethamsanqa, inani lamaxhoba yayincinane. Sisihelegu inqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" ibango ubomi omnye kuphela ilungu labasebenzi - injineli iiyunithi ezinomkhenkce Paul Zaglyadimova. Wasebenza kwi gumbi, nto leyo sagutyungelwa phantse nangoko emva kwengozi. abantu abalishumi elinanye balimala kumanqanaba angafaniyo ubungnqongqo.

ulwazi jikelele

Ukufa inqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" senzeka kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo. Imisebenzi Investigative yentlekele zathatha ngenyanga ngaphezu kwesinye, bazithwala bezibambe kuphela kwilizwe lethu kodwa phesheya. Noko ke, kukho umfanekiso oluchanileyo kwenzeke ntoni kude kube namhlanje. Yaba ngozi inqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" kabuhlungu ukuqondana, okanye engozini - kodwa nangoku ulunya othile?

Oku vosmipalubny Soviet umkhweli nqanawa wayengomnye iinqanawa ezininzi yimpumelelo wakha phantsi le projekthi 301. Uyilelwe ukuba abakhweli asixhenxe anamashumi mahlanu. Wakha inqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" kwi shipyards e Wismar ngo-1972. Yena ogama lakhe behlonipha wembongi enkulu Russian.

Kule nqanawa ngaloo mihla sasihamba nje mbalwa ke elite. Iifoto wenqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" lidla ipapashwe koonondaba Koloni. Oku ugwetywa indlela yokuphilisana eSoviet Union, abantu kuyo intsomi aphesheya rhoqo. Noko ke, kwaba nzima ukufumana kwibhodi yakhe inxalenye enkulu loluntu lwethu. Noko ke, kwathi kanti baninzi abantu abaqhelekileyo eSoviet Union abazange nokubona ukuba kukho zikhephe - "uMikhail Lermontov".

project 588

Bambalwa kakhulu abantu bayazi ukuba le nqanawa ubuncwane eSoviet Union yaba "mzalwana" kwegama elifanayo. Yayakhelwe phantsi inombolo yeprojekthi 588 waza wangena umkhweli fleet iVolga River Shipping Company. Zamob "uMikhail Lermontov", ngelo yokuqala ngokuba "Kazbek", ngokwesiko bakhonza abakhenkethi kuphela Astrakhan, enza Cruises-namhla ezininzi eMoscow iLeningrad. Ngokungafaniyo umzalwana wakhe odumileyo ngakumbi, umlambo kumgangatho ezintathu-nqanawa wakhululwa yokuhamba okokugqibela ngo-1993, yaye ngowe-2000 kuye kwenziwa iziqwenga.

Iphulo lokwazisa ngempumelelo

Ngowe-1962, emva kwentlekele enomjukujelwa Cuba, xa imeko ngamazwe ngokuphawulekayo ezifudumeleyo, urhulumente waseSoviet wenza amanyathelo aliqela ejolise, ukwakha iibhulorho phakathi eMpuma West. ubudlelwane Soviet-waseKhanada baqalisa ukwakha inqanawa "Alexander Pushkin", baleka kulo mgca. Zamob "uMikhail Lermontov", nayo, kwafuneka ukuphuhlisa ukhenketho USSR - eUnited States. Yena ingqalelo iprojekthi advocacy ngempumelelo urhulumente waseSoviet. Enyanisweni, umkhombe wenziwe umsebenzi ozakuzo, kupapashwa ngempumelelo kwi-West ebomini bethu eSoviet.

E-New York, imini efikile ababekhwele wavuka intatheli abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu ukubhala ngentsasa elandelayo ukuba inqanawa yabo hooters "uMikhail Lermontov" kwaphawula ukuphela Cold War. AmaMelika ziye ngenkuthalo ukuze bathenge amatikiti inqanawa yethu. Zamob, nto leyo eye yaba okhuphisana kakhulu kwabaninzi analogue iza Western, kungekudala waziwa emarikeni zezithuthi yezithuthi ngamazwe.

Ongqonge esikhepheni

Xa umgca American ngenxa yeemeko ezithile, ivaliwe, Ministry Morflot, umzobo ingqalelo nomthamo ezinkulu abakhweli azamazama phakathi eNgilani Australia, wathumela inqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" kwi ikhweyitha esemazantsi. Iifoto wenqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov", wenza asixhenxe yawujikeleza moya ehlabathini, kunokubonwa esikumaphephandaba kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Wemka ngomkhombe e-London, watyelela ezininzi iindawo ezininzi ezintle ehlabathini abuyele kwikomkhulu yaseBritani, kuyinyaniso, kwelinye icala. Kuthiwa ukuba umoya phezu enqanaweni ibisoyikeka. Inqanawa motor wayefana urhulumente encinane, apho sasivela ubomi eziqhelekileyo, wamthanda nayo, ndatshata, nkqu nokufa.

iintsuku ezilishumi - uhambo "uMikhail Lermontov" - ziphathwe angamakhulu asixhenxe eerandi. I-British uncokole ukuba siphila kule nqanawa izihlandlo Soviet zitshiphu kunokuhlala phezu komhlaba. Kwaye mna ndithi ukuba le nto ayizange singafani iinkampani iza Western, ngoko ke musa nje ukuba wenza zonke iintlobo izithuko. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba akubangakho inguqulelo olunye loo nqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" betshona kufuphi nonxweme New Zealand ayikho-ndenzile, kodwa kakubi omnye umntu.

moya Last: Chronicle

beza elinesithandathu February 1986 ngentsimbi ezintathu vosmipalubny eSoviet nqanawa chic ngaphandle New Zealand iPicton. Zamob "uMikhail Lermontov", ukubhabha yokugqibela leyo ime uphume the Queen uCharlotte Strait ababekhwele ibithwele abakhweli engamakhulu omane anamanci osibhozo, anamakhulu amathathu izisebenzi mathathu. Emva malunga nesiqingatha seyure umphathi waya ikhabhathi yakhe. indawo yakhe ibhulorho wayithabatha Umatiloshe Phaphani, ezibe iqabane yesibini, le New Zealand pilot noomatiloshe ezimbini. I radio waxelela abakhweli ezinika zendawo. Ngelo kweso sicelo liye aba kufutshane kunxweme khosi elilinge New Zealand le nqanawa. Ngecala emva kwentsimbi emihlanu inqanawa wabeka ikhondo kwaphuma elwandle evulekileyo.

Ngesiquphe, umqhubi wayalelwa ukuba umyalelo wokujika washiya izinyuko ezilishumi. igosa Watch uthe kuphindwa, kwaye nqanawa endleleni, kweza abandezelekile emxinwa kakhulu iphakathi Jackson kunye lighthouse Cape labakwaWalker Rock. Yesibini iqabane Spirit ingxelo ukuba amanzi ibonakala kumhlaba okufutshane.

Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba kutheni yatshintshwa Kakade ke, le New Zealand pilot, esasihamba nilinde S. Stepanischeva wachaza ukuba kuvumela abakhweli ukuba babone ubuhle Cape Jackson.

Ngamaxesha elinesixhenxe nemizuzu engamashumi amathathu anesibhozo inqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" ngesantya amaqhina elinesihlanu uqubha lexinene. Emva kweeyure ezimbini ezinesiqingatha emva kokushiya kwizibuko iPicton iphenyane kangaka kufutshane ukuya kwenye yamawa ukuba amabali, kwaba lula ukufikelela phandle ukuze amasebe umthi okhula phezu promontory eweni. Kodwa ke mzuzu ikwazile ukuba ingaya ngakhona ukubuyisela baze bajike.

Kodwa ngequbuliso inqanawa ngesantya ngokupheleleyo yaye yaya eweni kwamanzi. Zamob "uMikhail Lermontov", ifoto ukusuka ezantsi apho kukho ubungqina yokwenzakala emininzi, yaye holed eemitha elinambini ubude. Ukongeza, ezi bulkheads manzi sibhuqiwe yi ingozi. Kodwa inertia inqanawa waqhubeka ukuya phambili. Captain Vorobyov, ngoko nangoko wabonakala phezu kwebhulorho, wathabatha ulawulo ezandleni zabo waza wagqiba kuphosa le nqanawa kwi esantini, ibekwe ethekwini Port Gore.

ixhala

Abakhweli ngexesha ingozi okanye nesingarhaneli nto. Babutha kwi "uMikhail Lermontov" salon lomculo weli nqanawa. Zamob, ingozi leyo bathi ubomi umntu, kwi elinesixhenxe imashumi mane anamihlanu babesele izidanga-roll. Kamsinya nje owamiswayo alarm. Elise kwebhulorho umphathi ingxelo ukuba iingcango manzi battened phantsi. Kodwa zange ukunceda. Amanzi waqala ingena gumbi refrigerated, umthambo, pantries ukutya, igumbi lokuhlambela impahla kunye nendlu yoshicilelo batshoniswe. Waqala ukuba osalayo iingcango manzi ngenxa kwaye kakuhle itshixiwe kwigumbi injini le.

Xa imizuzu ezintandathu nentsimbi amabini, xa iqela olungxamisekileyo bazama ukuvala ezikhukula, baliqengqe inqanawa leyo ngaphezu kweqondo lama-ezilishumi. Le kaputeni kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukunika umyalelo ukulungiselela izixhobo yohlangulo. Naye kwebhulorho lafumana ingxelo ukuba amanzi amanzi futhi swi engundoqo amandla ndise. Ngenxa yoko, iinjini eziphambili yokumisa olungxamisekileyo, yaye ngenxa yokuba umbane uyile. Ngentsimbi yesixhenxe imizuzu elishumi uluhlu sikhephe safika degrees elinambini, ngoko ke umthetheli wayalela bonke abantu ukuba aphume kwigumbi injini.

Eli qela nangoko waqalisa ukuba kuphunywe bonke abakhweli. Ndakwazi ukugcina phantse bonke. nxaxheba abaninzi cruise, inkoliso aba kwiminyaka phambili, kwafuneka ukuba ndime ngokoqobo ezandleni zabo. Kamva kwenzeka ukuba akukho Zaglyadimova uPawulos phakathi abasindileyo - ifriji yimakhenikhi. Ngokutsho amangqina, ngexesha yengozi, yena nje isaphetha kwinqanawa ezikayo, waye exakeke into emsebenzini wakhe. version sele phambili ukuba ndiqhiphuke kuvuthelwa, waza wafa ngenxa yoko.

Iinkcukacha kokufa wenqanawa

Elinesithandathu Februwari 1986 yayingunyaka lisibekele. Kwi kwebhulorho kwi kwasa obenegunya sikhephe Vladimir Vorobiev kunye New Zealand pilot Jamison ukusuka kwizibuko iPicton. Professional njengoko ingcali lundwendwe, akukho namnye bakhohlwa. Wayengomnye ngabaqhubi abathathu abantu ukhuphe lomenzi sisihle kweentambo izitya ezikhulu umzila Fiordland - New Zealand park yesizwe, imifula nemixawuka, nto idume kuLwandle Tasman. Kodwa ikwayile ingcali abanamava nesemgangathweni waza wenza isigqibo engaqhelekanga ukuba tirhisa njhani vosmipalubny inqanawa eSoviet nge lexinene emxinwa phakathi ukufuna lengxondorha, Cape Jackson. Kamva, ngexesha lophando, uJamieson wathi kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Zokuthi akazange afune ukuphoswa ithuba lokubonisa abakhweli kufuphi ubuhle zombini i-Cape Jackson kunye esiphezu kwakhe kwicala langasentla somnyango lexinene.

Icala lobuchule yentlekele

uye impikiswano Ukufa wenqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov". abezindaba abaninzi Western wazama ukuba kugxininiswe le ntlekele, kuyabonakala ukuba ezalisekisa umyalelo othile. Okokuqala zabuza ukuthembeka iinqanawa Soviet, ingakumbi kwabo izixhobo zobuchwepheshe.
Umzekelo, i "Times" British bathi nkqu izikhephe zokuhlangula kwi "uMikhail Lermontov" itshiselwa ngumhlwa ukuba bakwazi imngene emazantsi iinyawo zabo, yaye abazange azitshise zangaphantsi umqondiso nezibane.

Kakade ke, sonke hype kwafuneka akunanto yakwenza yokwenene. Ngenxa ye-Paris MOU, eyasekwa ngo-1982 ukuya kukulungelelanisa eYurophu malunga nokuphunyezwa kolawulo iinqanawa bezinye nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokhuseleko yeNavigeyishini, nje kunyaka ngaphambi kokufa enqanaweni, ngoJuni 1985, e Hammerfest kwagqirha yiKomishini International, ekupheleni kwawo engagungqiyo. Iingcali bafumanisa ukuba inqanawa zikwimeko elungileyo, wamwisela isatifikethi. Ngaphezu koko, ngoDisemba ka-1985, inqanawa ndaphumelela olunye uvavanyo, kodwa Australia. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa izandla zam phezu uxwebhu ukuba izimvo malunga izixhobo zobugcisa akukho.

Kwaye kwakhona, ngokutsho Paris Imemorandam, iinkonzo izibuko ehambelana ukuba nje belingekawakhuphi ananduluka kwaye inqanawa njengesonakeleyo kuquka inqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov". Ke izikhephe umhlwa kunye nezibane Isalathisi eziphosakeleyo, enqanaweni phambi isethi epheleleyo izikhephe ezenziwe fiberglass okanye aluminiyamu ezibengezelayo amandla aphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, namarhe zokuhlenga evuzayo baqamba. lights Signal awuzitshisi kuba Khanyisa kuphela xa emanzini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, sinokugqiba ukuba inguqulelo ukungasebenzi zobugcisa enqanaweni inyamalala.

ukhuphiswano ingozi

EMpuma Jamani kwi shipyards e Wismar iminyaka embalwa ukwakha "uMikhail Lermontov" - emkhombeni, amanzi kusengenziwa funda: ". Port of Registry - emzini eLeningrad kunye kwiBaltic Shipping Inkampani" Ifakwe ngezibonelelo mihla, le inqanawa nangoko wabonakala phambili zonke iinqanawa abakhweli ka Soviet Minmorflot.

Umthetheli-uthiwe yabela matiloshe onamava Aram Mihaylovich Oganov, ongazange aye kuloo moya sibi ngesizathu esihle. Inqanawa motor ngaphezu kwakanye ngomkhombe, ehlabathini jikelele. Waba gqitha kwemfuno phakathi kubakhenkethi amazwe nabakulungeleyo ukuba bathenge ukhenketho ukuhamba kule nqanawa eSoviet. Isizathu iindleko kuphela ngaphezu iinkampani Western, ixabiso itikiti, kodwa inqanaba eliphezulu lenkonzo.

Version enxulumene kukhuphiswano, kakhulu, kuqwalaselwe yi utshutshiso, hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe lethu kodwa phesheya. Captain "uMikhail Lermontov" inkundla ukuba bathi nakanye wafumana izisongelo zomlomo nezibhaliweyo, ukongeza, inqanawa ayikho iziganeko nje engaqhelekanga yenzekile, kude kokufunyanwa ezantsi emathunjini otsalayo ngaphandle iifyuzi.

Ngexesha esemoyeni lokugqibela Oganov waba ekhefini. Ukholelwa ukuba ukulahleka umkhombe kubangelwa umqhubi. Indawo lokufa wenqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" iminyaka emininzi wayesebenza njengoko waba specialist babe nolwazi. Ukongezelela, ngokutsho-waka, lo Inqanawa yazika kumgama elinamanci asibhozo leemitha ukusuka elunxwemeni kubunzulu ezingamashumi amathathu eemitha. Kwaye loo ukufa Ogan wathi, ngeke kube ngengozi.

pilot iqhina

Jamison bafumana emehlweni eendaba ngoko nangoko emva ndizalelwe isikhephe yohlangulo elunxwemeni. Waza wabonakala kwasekuqaleni uphando, ezilungiselelwe yi-New Zealand Ministry of Transport. Wathi loo mini wayedinwe kakhulu, kuba akakulandeli ukuphumla iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko wafumanisa yoko, umqhubi kwi nje seyure phambi kokuba ahambe aye elwandle, "uMikhail Lermontov" ukusela ivodka kunye utywala. Bonisa ityala lakhe ayiphumelelanga ngokungqalileyo yaye namhlanje Jamieson ke umthetheli wenqanawa encinane ephethe imfuyo ukusuka Wellington ukuya iPicton kunye umva.

Amazing

Emva kokufa wenqanawa "uMikhail Lermontov" i baseRashiya wala zabakhweli ezindleleni kule ngingqi ngonaphakade. Ngaphezu koko, kude nonxweme of New Zealand kuba akazange kuvela kwiminyaka emihlanu bani na inqanawa.

Noomatiloshe, ababa nako ukusindisa abangaphezu kwamakhulu amane abakhweli orhaxwa elinde ekhaya akukho ngezandla ezishushu. ESoviet Union abantu ndidiniwe wamgxotha phantse phantsi bahambe.

"UMikhail Lermontov" sohlwayo i abaphangi

Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva kwentlekele, omnye yeepali umkhombe ning'ong'oza emanzini Cook Strait yayifana isandla, becela uncedo. Nangona ukwanda amanzi eninzi kakhulu isitya ingaqhuba iye phandle, kodwa eSoviet Union waqalisa perestroika, kodwa ngenxa yokuba wayengekho ukuya emkhombeni, zarhaxwa kude kwenye ikhweyitha. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba iefa. Zamob "uMikhail Lermontov" nangoku ubumsulwa. Nangona ndimele ndithi kumphakamo imisebenzi karhulumente lwenziwa: ekuqaleni kwamatanki yayo amafutha elayishelwe ezantsi, uze ke, njengoko with "Titanic", esi sikhephe ekhuselekileyo, okuza eziqulathwe izacholo abakhweli amazwe atyebileyo ibiphakanyiswe naye. Igolide nedayimani phinda abanini wathumela intsimbi iLeningrad beenqanawa, eso basinqumla khona iefa.

wesampula eNtofontofo ukuba yazika kufuphi nonxweme kubunzulu ngokwanelisayo nzulu, emva konyaka waqala rob bakule ndawo. Yintoni umdla kukuba, kukho amarhe okuba inqanawa leyo kakhulu wohlwaya abaphangi engamenywanga. Kule minyaka idlulileyo ambalwa malunga "uMikhail Lermontov" babulawa zizifo ezintathu imizimba imbi ...