Yurophu neAsia. Luluphi ulwandle oludibanisa neStraphorus Strait?

Umda womhlaba we-Yurophu ne-Asiya udlula kwiintaba, ii-Urals kunye neCaucasus, kunye nolwandle-kunye namanzi amaninzi olwandle kunye ne-Bosporus. Ngokumalunga naluphi ulwandle oludibanisa neMarble Strait Bosporus, siya kuthetha ngalo ngqaku.

I-Bosporus: imvelaphi

Igama loxinzelelo phakathi kwamanxweme aseYurophu nakwa-Asiya lidibaniswa nengqina yamandulo yamaGrike. Emva kokuba uZeus ethandane nentombazana enhle, u-Io, owayeyintombi yomlambo wamanzi. Ukuze ugweme ingqumbo kaHera, umfazi kaZeus, Io, esamkela umfanekiso wenkomo, wagijimela emanzini omnquba, othe wabizwa ngokuba yiCow's ((bullish), okanye iBopporus. Abaninzi abakrokreli ukuba luhlobo luni lwamanzi oludibanisa neMarble Strait ye-Bosporus. Ulwandle, oluneMarble ngeBosporus, luMnyama.

Ukubunjwa kwe-strait kuchazwa nguMkhukula we-Black Sea, okwenzeka malunga ne-8 000 leminyaka edlulileyo. Wadibanisa iilwandle ezimbini: ukususela ngoko i-Bosphorus (i-strait) idibanisa uLwandle oluMnyama kunye nolwandle lwaseMarmara. Enye inguqu yokubunjwa kwe-strait yindlabo yomlambo womlambo. Ezi zombini iinguqu zinobungqina benzululwazi: iindawo ezisezantsi kunye neentlobo zendalo zichazwe ngombono wokuqala, kwaye ubukho bezinto ezimbini, ezitsha kunye nosawoti, ngowesibili.

Bosphorus: intsingiselo

I-strait ineendawo ezikhethekileyo zendawo. Ukwahlula phakathi kweYurophu neAsia. I-Bosporus, i-strait ehamba phambili esuka kuLwandle oluMnyama ukuya eMarmara nasemva, yindlela ephela ukusuka kuLwandle oluMnyama ukuya kwi-Ocean Ocean. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Bosporus inexabiso elibalulekileyo le-geopolitical. Amanzi wezinto ze-Bosporus ezihamba ngeYurophu, ngokukodwa ukusuka kumazwe amnyama (iRashiya, iUkraine, iCaucasus) ukuya e-Afrika, eMntla naseMzantsi Melika, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo. Luluphi ulwandle oludibanisa neStraphorus Strait? Lo Mnyama, ulwandle lwangasemaphandleni, apho inqanaba elincinane elingama-30 km luyindlela ebalulekileyo yokunxibelelana noMeditera evulekile.

Dardanelles

Ukuze ufike kwi-Ocean Ocean, iinqanawa ezilandelayo kuLwandle lwaseMarmara (malunga nolwandle olunxulumene neMarble Strait yaseBosporus, ngasentla), kufuneka unqobe i-Bosporus kuphela, kodwa enye, engabalulekanga kakhulu - i-Dardanelles. Oku kukuphela kobunzima obudibanisa uLwandle lwaseMarmara kunye neAegean kwaye luqhubeke nolwandle lwaseMedithera. Kuphindwe kabini nje ngeBosporus. I-Dardanelles kunye ne-Bosporus ibaluleke ngokulinganayo kwendawo, ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko.

Bosporus neTurkey

Ngamacala omabini omhlaba ngummandla ohlala kwiTurkey. I-Bosphorus yayivaliwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngabaphathi baseTurkey ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko nezomnotho. Iinqanawa zangaphandle zadlulelwa kwiBosporus kuphela emva kokufumana ilayisenisi ekhethekileyo esuka eTurkey. Ngenxa yalo mgaqo-nkqubo, kukho iimbambano phakathi kwamanxweme aseMnyama naseTurkey. Okwangoku, amanzi aseBosporus acingelwa ukuba avulekele, kodwa amagunya aseTurkey agcine ilungelo lokunciphisa inqanawa yeenqwelo zemikhosi kunye neenqanawa zamazwe angamaLwandle oMnyama ngokugqithiseleyo.

Bosporus neIstanbul

Imbali yesinye sezixeko zamandulo kwi-planethi - i-Istanbul ixhunyene ngqo ne-Bosphorus. Indawo ye-Istanbul iyingqayizivele: intsimi yayo ihlala eYurophu nakwi-Asiya, kwaye i-Bosporus isebenza njengomda wendalo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zehlabathi kunye nesixeko. Ngelo xesha, inxalenye yeYurophu yeso sixeko yindawo ephakamileyo yenkcubeko kunye nezembali apho abantu abaninzi behlala khona. Isixeko sase-Istanbul (kunye noConstantinople, iTrargrad, i-Byzantium) sichazwa kwakhona kuma-Old Old annals njengendawo apho i-Orthodoxy ifike khona emhlabeni wamaRashiya. Esi sixeko, entliziyweni yaso yi-Bosporus, sinabantu abaninzi kakhulu eYurophu. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwe kwindawo yayo ephumelelayo, kunye nembali yayo enezityebi kunye nenkcubeko ekhethekileyo.

I-Bosporus yenza i-Istanbul ibe yindlela ehamba phambili yolwandle emhlabeni. Ngokomzekelo, umthwalo kwiCanal Canal, ukudibanisa uLwandle Olubomvu ngeMeditera, kathathu ngaphantsi. Iinqwelo ezivela kumazwe amnyama eMnyama zihlala zihamba ngeBosphorus.

Olu ngqamaniso lunempembelelo enkulu kwi-ecology ye sixeko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa kukho ukuchithwa kweoli ukusuka kumaTanki edlula uLwandle oluMnyama. Iinqwelo, iimoto, inani elikhulu lamashishini alihlambela i-ecology ye-Istanbul. Emanxwemeni aseBosphorus akakwazi ukuzwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamagagasi ngenxa yokungcola kwengxolo, kwaye ebusuku ubunqabile ukuba iinkwenkwezi zibonwe ukusuka kweso sixeko ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-oversaturation. Nangona kunjalo, imeko yezinto eziphilayo kwi-Istanbul ayigxininisi ukujikeleza kwezivakashi ezininzi. Emva koko, isixeko sinobukhulu ngokwenene.

Iimpawu zeIstanbul kwiBosphorus

Cinga u-Istanbul ngaphandle kwamafriji amaninzi kunye nomphunga, ujikeleza ukusuka kolunye uguba lwaseBosphorus ukuya kwenye, akunakwenzeka. Abemi besi sixeko abakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuthutha, kuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabemi ukusuka kwingxenye yaseAsia ye-Istanbul ivakashela iYurophu imihla ngemihla. Iifapu kunye neefriji zenza umbala okhethekileyo wesixeko. Kananjalo banceda abatyeleli ukuba bafike kwezinye zezinto ezikhangayo kumabhanki aseBosphorus.

Ukusuka kolunxwemeni, abakhenkethi banokubona iinqaba zaseDolmakhche, Yildiz, eBukoleon, iingxuwa zeNdlu yeVlaharon, iinqaba kunye neenqaba ezininzi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yindlu ye-museum ye-Topkany-mhlawumbi igosa elihle kunazo zonke lama-Ottoman Sultans, ehlala kwindawo ephambili yeCape Sarayburnu, ehlanjwe uLwandle lwaseMarmara, iPhondo legolide kunye ne-Bosporus Strait.

Istanbul, ulonwabo kunye nengozi apho kuhlala khona, ukukhwabanisa nobuhle bayo, imbali yamandulo kunye neyolonwabo, inkcubeko ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, amathishini athatha iimveliso zepetroleum kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi zixhalaba. Ukukhutshwa kunye nomda wonxweme waseBosphorus kunzima ukuhamba kweenqanawa ezinkulu. Kodwa abaqhubi abaqhubekileyo abaqeqeshekileyo banceda ukuphepha iintlekele kwiBosphorus.