Yonke into abakhenkethi kufuneka ukwazi malunga metro ka Istanbul: scheme, nethayimthebhile, zokuya

Metro Istanbul, inkqubo kunye neemeko eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku lolona hlobo elula zothutho. Mhlawumbi abatyeleli abavumelani nalo mbono. Engaphantsi - oku komhlaba Turkey esithi: ifestile uloliwe ubumnyama kuphela kwaye akukho ezinika. Kodwa sikaloliwe elifikeleleka lula yaye ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye sixeko. Istanbul - ngokwenene ingxilimbela kummandla mzi. Oku lula ukufikelela kumazwekazi ezimbini - Europe kunye Asia. Kodwa hayi kuphela amanzi Golden Horn i yimiqobo logistics. Sisibetho enene Istanbul na kwemikrozo yeemoto. Kwaye akukho ezidibanayo indlela entsha angabi nako ukujongana nalo bhubhane. Qhuba ngendlela esuka embindini wesixeko ukuya kwisikhululo bamazwe Ataturk eyayifudula ngxaki kubakhenkethi. Esiporweni, wokuweza, ibhasi ... Ngoku ezi iingxaki ngaphambili. kuye kwenziwa Kodwa umsebenzi Titanic, apho thina nje ukuba achithe imigca embalwa.

indaba

Xa kwakukho isebe lokuqala Metro Istanbul? Turkey yaba lilizwe lokuqala yezwekazi eYurophu kunye yesibini (emva UK) ehlabathini, obzavedshiysya izithuthi phantsi komhlaba. Elinesixhenxe Januwari 1875 ukuya uluntu wavuleka Tünel. Ubude line kweemitha 573 iSebe leMfundo libambisane Galata Karakoy. Ngoku kuthiwa aneziporo. Hi ndlela leyi, i-London Ngokufihlakeleyo (omdala ehlabathini) yavulwa ngo-1863. Istanbul - isixeko embindini leyo yinkalo elide amanzi, ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye badinga engaphantsi. Izicwangciso ukwakhiwa sikaloliwe waqalisa ukuhamba emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Eyokuqala ecetywayo 1912 yi injineli French, L. Herbie. iingcinga zakhe nokubeka isebe kunye nezikhululo ezingamashumi amabini anesine phakathi Topkapi kunye Şişli akazange umiselwe ukuba baqaphela. Kwakhona kwi phepha le projekthi ye-French G. Prost (1936), M. Lanzhevina (1952) kunye nenkampani Dutch Nedeco. Imeko ne ukwakhiwa sikaloliwe nobucukubhede kunye nemeko esebenzayo kakhulu seismic. Kwisithili Istanbul kwenyikima iqatshelwe amanqaku ezisithoba.

ukwakhiwa engaphantsi

Imisebenzi yokuqala iqale ngo-1989. Kodwa oko isantya! Ngoku (ngexesha kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2017) lagunyazisa amasebe ezintlanu metro ka Istanbul. Kungekudala ukujikeleza izithuba komhlaba uya kutyhobozela ezine phantsi imigca zokwakha. Qho ngonyaka, sikaloliwe isixeko ngabantu abazizigidi 250. imigca emine ibekwe inxalenye aseYurophu, yaye omnye - in Asia. Bawabeka kwizitishi asixhenxe, kodwa wakha malunga namashumi amathathu. Ngenxa izisebenzi imeko-seismic ukusebenza ngokuphandle. Ethandwa kakhulu umgca M1. Oku (Hafif) phantsi komhlaba "ukukhanya". Umgca inxulumanisa kwisithili umbindi Aksaray kwimimandla entshona Istanbul. Ngenxa ukuvulwa Marmaray kwetonela ngaphantsi indawo yamanzi kuye kwenzeka, kwaye unxibelelwano phakathi kwezahlulo yaseYurophu kunye Asia kweso sixeko.

Imigaqo nemiqathango yokuhamba kwimetro ka Istanbul

Isitimela ivulwa yesithandathu kusasa kude kube sezinzulwini zobusuku. intshukumo Uloliwe lokuphumla ixhomekeke amasebe, ingakumbi ixesha losuku. Ngexesha iyure rush, ukuba imizuzu emine. Kwindibano Istanbul Metro, icebo apho nyaka ngamnye iba ziyatyeba nezalamane ngakumbi, kukho phawu mnye. Inguqu phakathi kwamasebe ekufuneka ihlawulwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Jonga kwimetro, eshiya slot of the counter Isango. Ezi roundels zithengiselwa xa wokuthengisa koomatshini kwizikhululo kunye ofisi itikiti. Worth imbasa enye lira ezine. Ukuba uza ukuya elibonakalayo Nowujikeleza umzi zezothutho, sicebisa ukuba bathenge Istanbulkart. Kuba ikhadi kuya kufuneka ukuba ahlawule, kodwa nayo uyakwazi kukhwela kwimetro, tram kunye neebhasi ukuze liras ezimbini ezinesiqingatha.

Ingaba kukho imaphu sikaloliwe of Istanbul in Russian?

Zonke izikhululo kufuneka imaphu eneenkcukacha imigca engaphantsi nezingxi. Oku ifakwa IsiNgesi. Abakhenkethi abaninzi banomdla ukuba kukho imaphu sikaloliwe of Istanbul in Russian. Ngelishwa, ikhadi bekungenjalo. Ubuncinane, xa engaphantsi. I-Internet, kananjalo, wowufumana yingxaki. Ikhona ifomu ephepheni ngokuqhelekileyo kwi ebomini kunye phrasebooks, apho asasaza ezinye iihotele kunye arhente zokuhamba. Kodwa dubbing IsiNgesi yenza amagama isikhululo pronunciation ecacile. Kwaye ke amasebe zimakishwa imibala eyahlukeneyo: obomvu, oluhlaza, nemisonto emsi nemfusa nebomvu. Ewe yaye kuthiwa nje: M1, M2, njalo-njalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zibandakanywe kumgca wesiphaluka kunye nokuhamba aneziporo ekhokelela Galata endulini.

Istanbul Metro: Inkcazelo

Zama ukuqonda imephu engaphantsi. Wonke umgca balo umbala yayo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukwenyuka lincinane kwaye ezindala intaba Galati kuvezwa emfusa. "Ukukhanya Metro" kubonisiwe oluhlaza. Eli isebe kakhulu ethandwa, njengoko udlula phezu isitshixo lwalunjani Istanbul, kwakunye nokuqhagamshelana moya kubo. Ataturk. On line izikhululo mabini anesithathu. Xa usebenzisa le isebe abakhenkethi ukuba izehlo rhoqo. Isibakala sokuba M1 uye izalathiso ezimbini M1A kunye M1V. Zombini iindlela ukuqala ukusuka Yenikapı wabalinga Aksaray. Xa utyala kufuneka bagadwe ngeliso elibukhali, apho uloliwe ohamba. Ukuba ngaba lo moya, udinga M1A. Ezinye izihloko eyayizalwa ngo Kirazli. Umgca ebomvu wabeka kakhulu kutshanje, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uye zonke izibonelelo abantu ekuncipheni ukuhamba. Idibanisa iziko kunye kwisithili kumantla Istanbul.

Ezinye komgca

Subway Istanbul scheme efumaneka zombini iphepha ngendlela interactive kuhlala ndlela elula yokuthutha esixekweni. Abakhenkethi kufuneka Musani ukoyika ukuba ulahlekile kwizikhululo komhlaba. Into ekufuneka uyazi bahambi zohambo abafuna ukubona ngokukhawuleza imibombo, uze emva koko ukuya moya, kwizikhululo zikaloliwe kunye pier ezingundoqo, ngoko oku kulapho imigca emibini (M1 kunye M2) kodwa ke aneziporo. Kwamanye amasebe amathathu ukudibanisa iziko isixeko nezithili zokuhlala ezisemaphandleni.