Yoga Philosophy for Beginners

Kwintanda-yoga uthandwa kakhulu namhlanje. Kuba baninzi iye yaba ukufunyanwa yokwenene ebomini. Yoga uyabasindisa abantu batyakatywa ukusuka uxinezeleko ngemihla kwaye inceda ukuba ubone nto ibalulekileyo, ulahle minor. Kulo mzekelo, akulungile azezi umthambo entsonkothileyo nezolo. Yoga njenge lakudala nonqulo, yoga njengendlela bulumko iyeza - yiloo nto eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Izizathu ukuthandwa yoga ehlabathini namhlanje

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, Yoga namhlanje ethandwayo kakhulu. Mhlawumbi uthi ukuba kusefashonini kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Ziziphi izizathu ithandwa kangaka?

Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka uphendule umbuzo ube mnye. ungubani Modern - ntoni na? Omakhanywa, udandathekile yaye bacinezelwe. Man kwekhulu xxi, ngokuqhelekileyo uchitha ubomi bakhe ukusukela inzuzo ethandabuzekayo. Yoga kunceda ukuhlangabezana nje kuphela ntshikilelo yemihla ngemihla, kodwa isifundisa kugxininisa (namandla) ukuya kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo, ebaluleke ngokwenene.

Yoga ifilosofi utyhila ukuba umntu ndlela kuphela ukuba uqonde umongo walo, kuyanceda yilo ngokupheleleyo isakhono sakho sangaphakathi.

Exakayo, kwagqitywa ekubeni kusetyenziswe ubuchule yoga zikhutyaziwe. Nokuba umntu Andikholelwa kuzo okanye kukuba bengenayo nofifi malunga nohlobo isiseko sale bulumko. Le yenye inkalo elikhethekileyo yoga.

Yoga ifilosofi (ngokufutshane)

Yintoni yoga? Ngaba fair kumbiza bulumko, inzululwazi okanye inkolo?

Ilizwi e nesiSanskriti lithetha "womanyano." Ngengqiqo emxinwa, sithetha ngokuyintloko malunga ngokuvisisana omzimba kunye nomphefumlo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa yomntu. Ngengqiqo jikelele ngakumbi na umanyene komntu noThixo.

Yoga - Indian ifilosofi mandulo kakhulu. yokucinga ezisisiseko wakhetha ngenkulungwane yesibini BC, i-guru odumileyo Patanjali. Noko ke, ukuba bathi ukuba kwintanda-yoga yasekwa nje kakuhle. Ngapha koko, kukholelwa ukuba yoga awawunika yesintu uMdali (by avatar Krishna).

Iziseko kwale mfundiso layisensi. izinto zabo ngabanye inokufumaneka imithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandulo Indian, ekubeni Vedas. Kungenxa yoko le nto mbali ayikwazi ukwazi ukuba sikhokelo ngokulandelelana yale ndlela ngqo.

Yoga ifilosofi ubhetyebhetye kakhulu. Noko ke, injongo ephambili ekufundiseni - kukufikelela Nirvana. Eli gama libhekisela kwaba ngokupheleleyo kunye noMdali.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abaphandi ichonge iintlobo yoga. Zezi:

• Yoga Karma;
• bhakti-yoga;
• Yoga Jnana;
• Mantra-Yoga;
• hatha yoga kunye nabanye.

Nganye kwezi nkalo - nje enye amanyathelo injongo olufanayo bulumko yoga - nimanyene Ephakamileyo. Kweli nqaku liza siya kugxininisa ngakumbi ngomhla wokugqibela kwezi fom.

Umzekeliso yenkolo efihlakeleyo

Kwintanda-yoga kwabasaqalayo yeyona ilungileyo kuboniswa omnye umzekeliso wamandulo Indian. Kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono kakuhle iimfundiso abo ukuqala nje ukuba uqhelane kunye naye.

Ngoko ke, umzekeliso yenkolo efihlakeleyo ...

Ngokutsho legend, phambi kwabo bonke abantu Emhlabeni bangoothixo. Ngoko ke wadala uthole. Noko ke, inkosi bonke oothixo babona ukuba basebenzise amandla abo wayengekafiki tye, ngoko sagqiba ekubeni athathe igunya nguThixo. Ngelo xesha nye ndazibuza lo mbuzo: Zivela phi na ubuthixo ofihlakeleyo abantu ukuba bakwazi ukufumana nto?

Ukukhawulelana nalengxaki, uthole wabiza ngabacebisi. Baqala ke ukuba igcwalise iinketho ezahlukeneyo: omnye wacela ukuba kungcwaba unobuthixo emhlabeni, enye - ukuba aziphose phezu emazantsi olwandle ... Noko ke, akukho sindululo akazange ungathanda uthole. "Abantu Ekugqibeleni uza kufumana emazantsi olwandle" - uphendule ngengqiqo.

Ngequbuliso inkosi koothixo waqonda ukuba makenze ntoni. Wagqiba ukufihla kuthixo ngaphakathi umntu ngokwakhe. Kwaye njalo. Umntu woyisa amazulu kunye ezinzulwini zolwandle, ngekhilomitha itonela ndagqobhoza phantsi komhlaba, kodwa zange ngokwenene zange wakhangela ngaphakathi kwam.

Yoga History: ezafunyanwa yamandulo

Kunzima ukuqonda ukuba nzulu ngembali iingcambu yoga elula. Ngoko, kwi abembi Indus River valley amatywina yamandulo afunyanwa, imvelaphi yayo elandwa BC nkulungwane yesibini. Bona ebonisa abantu kunye oothixo abakwizikhundla engaqhelekanga (abaphandi ekuthini iimveliso ezahlukeneyo 16). Esi siphumo ezenze mbali ukucebisa ukuba uhlobo yoga kuye kwaziwa ukuba abemi yempucuko Harappan.

Ukuba sithethe ngayo ezi zingqino ezibhaliweyo, ibinzana elithi "yoga" kuqala kwenzeka Rig Veda - enye ezikhumbuzo ezininzi mandulo iincwadi Indiya.

Patanjali and "Yoga Sutras 'yakhe

Le mfundiso ibhekisa uluhlu eyenziwa kwizikolo ezithandathu yobu ubuHindu. Yoga ifilosofi kudibene kunye ulwalathiso Sankhya. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nayo, yoga - a qhagamshela ngakumbi.

Malunga ukuzalana kwezi zikolo zibini uthe ngexesha lakhe, yaye Genrih Tsimmer. Noko ke, yena ngelithi ukuba Sankhya inika ingcaciso jikelele yohlobo womntu, ngelixa izenzo yoga kwaye avule indlela eya kwinkululeko yayo epheleleyo (moksha zikarhulumente).

Njengayo nayiphi na isikolo-bulumko Indiya, yoga uye izicatshulwa yayo engcwele. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "Yoga Sutras 'yamaKristu lobulumko Patanjali. Ngo omnye wabo, ngasendleleni, utitshala utyhila ngoyena ndoqo ingqiqo phambi kwethu. Ngokutsho okubhaliweyo sutra yesibini, yoga - i "inkqubo zokunqanda uchulumanco ezendeleyo engqondweni."

Swami Markup: indlela wobomi bulumko

Enye abameli aqaqambe kwesi sikolo esi silumko Indian kunye itshantliziyo kwezentlalo Swami Markup. Yoga intanda emsebenzini wakhe wazuza intsingiselo entsha. Wakwazi ukuchaza indawo yayo ezibalulekileyo malunga zehlabathi Koloni.

Swami Markup wahlala kwaye wasebenza kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX. Wazalwa ngo-1863 kwintsapho yonqulo kakhulu. Wafunda kwi Scottish Church College, apho waba nomdla ifilosofi. Kwangaxeshanye, Markup, ogama Injongo kukuba ukufumana umntu lowo wadibana noThixo ngokwakhe. Kungekudala ayifumane. Yaba uhlobo Ramakrishna. Markup kungekudala uba umfundi wakhe.

Ngowe-1888 yena, kunye nabanye abafundi Ramakrishna, iqala ukuhamba nje emdeni India. Emva koko wathumela kwamanye amazwe (USA, France, eJapan, eNgilani kunye nabanye). Nomfundisi wafa ngo-1902. umzimba ox kaThixo, kwakunye yakhe ngokomoya, uYesu sitshisiwe ngasechwebeni iGanges River.

Ngexesha lakhe, Markup wabhala iqela imisebenzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo phakathi kwazo zezi zilandelayo:

• "Karma Yoga" (1896).
• "Raja Yoga" (1896).
• "Vedanta Philosophy: Izifundo kwi Jnana-Yoga" (1902).

Swami Markup: bulumko

Markup ulilungu lizwi kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle: "UThixo omnye ke amagama zakhe ezahlukahlukeneyo." Abanye bathi uYesu kuye, omnye - Allah, kunye nabanye - Buddha njalo njalo.

Swami Markup wayebalasele yi ngokuphuma yokucinga kwakhe. ngempumelelo yakhe iphambili njengokuba sobulumko kukuba wakwazi ukungqina ukuba iingcinga eziphambili Vedanta nga tirhisiwaka iinjongo kuphela kunokwenzeka, ebomini yoluntu.

"Wonke umntu - saphezulu kukodwa" - eli ilizwi Ramakrishna yaba ngomsonto obomvu kubomi sobulumko. Wayeqinisekile ukuba akukho mntu uya kuba ezamahala, okoko nje ezamahala ngeke wonke umntu. Markup wathi ukuba ngokwenene umntu bakhanyiselwa unyanzelekile ukuba azibhokoxe usindiso kwabanye. Sobulumko adunyiswe ukungazingci yaye umkhankaso bonke ukuba nokholo ngokwakho.

Swami Markup izimvo zoluntu isekelwe kwinto yokuba uRhulumente kunye neCawa kufuneka zahlulwe. Inkolo, ngokokubona kwayo, noko kunjalo, akufuneki angqamane kwimibandela emtshatweni, ubudlelwane ilifa, nezinto ezinjengezo. Kwakhona ayekholelwa ukuba uluntu mababe ibe umxube efanayo zone iindidi. Kwaye ke Wayeqinisekile ukuba unqulo akufuneki angqamane kwinkqubo yokwakha uluntu efanelekileyo.

Hatha Yoga: School of Philosophy

Igama intsontelo yoga kuthetha ukusuka nesiSanskriti njenge "fusion oluphuculweyo". postulates yokuqala yesi sikolo systematized Svātmārāma. Wayekholelwa ukuba Hatha Yoga yinkqubo kulungiselelwa umzimba kwabantu ngeengcamango ezintsonkothileyo.

Igama elithi "hatha," abaphandi bathi, yenziwe inamacandelo amabini: i "ha" - ingqondo "tha" - amandla obomi.

Hatha yoga - yimfundiso olugqibeleleyo njani kakuhle kanjani emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa iziphumo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni emzimbeni (oku asana, pranayama, mudra kunye bandha). Nganye kwezi kuchaphazela yinxalenye ethile yomzimba womntu. Xa hatha yoga izakhiwo ngokukodwa ezikhethiweyo umthambo ezithile enokukunceda uphucule impilo yakho kunye nokulwa izifo.

Umoya - sisiseko sobomi

Ingqwalasela ephambili Hatha yoga ivuliwe ukuphefumla. Amarhamente le sikolo bakholelwa ukuba nempembelelo lokuphefumla kwi umzimba kangangokuba (imithambo yokuphefumla) pranayama enye kuphela ngcono imeko yabo. Ukudibana ngobuchule yale asanas nabo - kwenza usisiqinisekiso umzimba usempilweni kwaye womelele.

Hatha Yoga njenge bulumko lonyango ijolise ukuhlanjululwa kakhulu epheleleyo inkqubo yokuphefumla yabantu. Ngaphezu koko, yinto vutshila kuthoba lomzimba zonke izihlunu ayo. Ngapha koko, kukho ingcaciso yokwenene yengqondo iza kuphela ukunyenyiswa eziphilayo.

Imeko yomzimba, imo nangeengcinga iinkqubo ze umntu sinxulumane uphefumla. Ndicinga, ndivumelana zonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto Hatha Yoga ingqalelo ehlawulwa ngobugcisa ubuchule nokuphefumla efanelekileyo. Ngelo xesha ifundisa abantu indlela ukuphefumla ngokuchanekileyo, hayi kuphela ngethuba leeseshoni ezikhethekileyo, kodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. sengqondo Wise nangenyameko ukuze impilo yabo - oko kukuthi nto ifundisa abantu hatha yoga. Ifilosofi nokuziqhelanisa ngexesha elifanayo ngokulungelelanisiweyo ephothiweyo kule mfundiso.

Iinjongo lulonke kunye neenjongo yoga

Nabani na ligqibe ukuzibandakanya nzulu e yoga, ngaba usukelo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunokuba umnqweno elula ukuphucula impilo yabo okanye ukuphilisa isifo esinganyangekiyo. Ke umntu yoga - ngundoqo ekuphumezeni moksha ( "ngokumanyene Brahman").

Hi ndlela leyi, oko moksha - inkqubo kunye nento yokuba inkululeko samsara - le njongo izikolo ezininzi bulumko yamandulo Indian. Kodwa Vaishnavism njongo ingundoqo yoga ngumnqweno uThixo, uMdali. Ngokutsho iimfundiso kwesi sikolo, a Vaishnava ngoko yeyela kwihlabathi yokomoya nolonwabo apho kufumana inkonzo semithandazo Vishnu.

Uphuhliso yoga eRashiya

abemi ngabanye of Russia wabonisa umdla yoga nangoku ngamaxesha pre-revolution. Xa ixesha yiSoviet Union, esi sikolo phantsi kokuvalwa yembono, leyo, Noko ke, akuzange kumthintele abathanda ngamnye ukuzibandakanya kwi semi-ngokusemthethweni.

ERashiya, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, abaninzi Ubuntu ezaziwayo-kakuhle baba ze akhutheleyo yoga. Phakathi kwabo - ugqirha BL Smirnov, umbhali uNjingalwazi V. Brody VI Voronin, injineli Ya I. Koltunov kunye nabanye abaninzi.. Ngasekupheleni nenani-80 e Moscow iqala kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo - ekuthiwa-Yoga Academy. Umsunguli yawo Gennady Stetsenko. Ngelo xesha linye ikomkhulu yiSoviet Union kukho ilabhoratri ethe bafunda iindlela ezingezo-zemveli unyango nokubuyiselwa kwimo yesiqhelo. Kakade ke, xa izigaba umdla kwelebhu yayiquka neemfundiso India yamandulo - yoga.

Yoga for Beginners: ezimbalwa iingcebiso eziluncedo

Namhlanje, izifundo yoga bafundiswa phantse yonke club zempilo. Noko ke, abantu abanolwazi kunjalo kucetyiswa ukuba beze emagumbini okufundela kwisikolo ezizodwa.

tips Ekugqibeleni ezimbalwa kwabo baceba ukuba uqale abaqhuba yoga:

• iimpahla noqeqesho kufuneka ibe ukhululekile, yenziwe amalaphu zendalo;
• ukuba baqale uphuhliso yoga Kufuneka encinane, ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba zingene "ubunzulu" kwale mfundiso;
• ukutsiba iiklasi kunganqwenelekiyo ukuba zenzeke, ngokuba iseshoni esitsha ngasinye kokuqhubekayo ubhalo yalowo ezidlulileyo;
• ukuze benze Yoga kufuneka wasondela ngabom kakhulu ndikunyibilikise ngokufezekileyo.

Kakade ke, musa ukulibala ukuba yoga - nto nje lingenakumbi, umzimba toned, kodwa ithuba lokuxhamla ukuvisisana omzimba kunye komphefumlo.

Ekuphetheni ...

Yoga - kwintanda-bulumko yakudala Indiya, leyo ethandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Kodwa akukho bulumko, hayi kanye mandithi, hayi kuphela. Kananjalo inzululwazi, inkolo, yesiko eminyaka ubudala practice. Yintoni nomtsalane kakhulu mihla bulumko man yoga?

Impendulo elifutshane lo mbuzo kuba theses ezimbini eziphambili. Okokuqala: Yoga kunceda umntu ukumelana uxinzelelo olukhulu leyinene ngenkohlakalo. Okwesibini, iyakwazi ngamnye kuthi ukuze uvule indlela eya kulwazi ngokwakhe, ubuyena.