Per Funa: engobomi, iifoto, izinto ezifunyaniswe kwimathematika

Per De Fermat - enye izazinzulu mkhulu kwimbali France. impumelelo yayo ziquka nokudalwa kwemisebenzi ezifana kwithiyori ekholelekayo necacileyo kunye neenombolo, nguye umbhali theorems adumileyo kunye discoverer iipropati ezininzi zezibalo. Ndisemncinane kakhulu abazali bakhe ihlawulwe ingqalelo enkulu kwimfundo unyana kungenzeka ukuba ube negalelo ukuyilwa ngengqondo ezukileyo. Soloko ezolileyo sinamandla, nxanelwe ulwazi kunye olunzima ubuphanda uhlobana - konke Per Funa. Esifutshane biography podcherpnut ukunceda umfundi ubone lonke bahlekisa ngalo ubuntu omkhulu Math.

uyifundisa

Pierre wazalwa eFransi. Ngomnye vulindlela kunye abaseki kwithiyori kwamanani, kwakunye geometry yohlalutyo.

Ukuze ixesha elide kusithiwa Per Funa wazalwa ngo-1595 e Toulouse, kodwa kwinkulungwane yama-yeshumi elinesithoba kwisixeko Beaumont kumathala kwafunyanwa inqaku kwathiwa kuyo ukuba ihlobo ka-1601, ilungu lebhunga isixeko Dominique Fermat kunye nomfazi wakhe wazalelwa unyana Pierre. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Dominique Farm wayengumntu ohlonelwayo kakhulu esixekweni. Waye yesikhumba yomthengisi. Pierre wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe ecaleni kwabazali bakhe, yaye xa lixesha ukufumana imfundo, waya Toulouse - isixeko sikufutshane kunye neeyunivesithi. umthetho Kakuhle wafunda kwiYunivesithi kwibhentshi wanika Pierre ithuba ukusebenza igqwetha, kodwa umfana yagqiba ukuya kwinkonzo karhulumente. Ngowe-1631 Pierre wamiselwa ukubeka iimali umcebisi yiPalamente Toulouse. Ngeli xesha ifama utshatile intombi kooCeba, apho wasebenza. Ubomi bakhe ethule nje nzwanga. Kodwa kuye, namhlanje, abantu izifundo zemathematika banokufunda ulwazi oluninzi umdla kubalulekile. Nditsho kwikharityhulam yesikolo ngenkuthalo igxininisa kumxholo othi "Per Funa kunye ezifunyaniswe zakhe."

Amkhanuke imbali

Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, sezibalo elizayo odumileyo njengoko ingcali intle kwimbali (ingakumbi yamandulo), uncedo lwakhe kupapasho zingafumaneka ezakudala zamaGrike. Yachaza imisebenzi Sinezuga, Athenaeum, Polyunusa, Frontinus, UTeona Smirnskogo, wenza utshintsho kwisicatshulwa likaSextus Empiricus. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lula ukuba enze uphawu yakhe ibe umphengululi obalaseleyo zamaGrike.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba wakhetha indlela eyahlukileyo, siye sabona ukukhanya okukhulu kwayo kwisifundo ubukhulu. Kwaye ke ngoko abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba Per Funa - iMathematika.

Umsebenzi ubomi bakhe xa kwazeka ikakhulu ngembalelwano ebanzi Fermat waba nabanye izazinzulu. Ukuqokelelwa ngemisebenzi, nto leyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo uzamile ukwenza, kwaye ke asicinywanga iphunyezwe. Ngokwenene, oku yoko ubhalo xa umthwalo umsebenzi ophambili enkundleni. Xa Pierre ubomi namnye ubunzima imisebenzi yakhe ziye zapapashwa.

Per Funa: kwesayensi kwimathematika

Omnye imisebenzi yokuqala entsimini wezibalo i Fermat - kut- imibhalo-ezilahlekileyo ezimbini of yeencwadi othi "On kumhlaba othe tyaba". Pierre merit kakhulu kweyobunzululwazi uninzi ubona kwabo intshayelelo wew okuhlalutya infinitesimals. Wenza eli nyathelo libalulekileyo kakhulu 1629. Kwakhona kwi eko kade, Per Funa iindlela ekufumaneni tangents kunye extrema. Kwaye kwi-m 1636 zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo inkcazelo indlela iziphumo othe watshintshelwa esandleni Mersenne, kwaye nalo ke kwakunzima ukufunda yi nabani.

Le ubambene Descartes

Kwiminyaka 1637-38 sezibalo French Per Funa ngendlela ekhawulezileyo aphikisane yezibalo ebalaseleyo ngokulinganayo Rene Descartes. kwavela imbambano macala "indlela ofumana kwelona qondo." Descartes ukuqonda indlela kwaye engaliqondi, ngenxa yoko abelibeke ukugxekwa ngokungenabulungisa. Ngehlobo lowe-1638 Lul Funa wathumela Mersenne Descartes ukuze adlulisele iinkcukacha oluhlaziweyo kwaye likwabhekisela okuqhutywa indlela yakhe. Kwincwadi yakhe yabonisa esithintelweyo bakhe, ngenxa yokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa ngendlela owomileyo kakhulu yaye ezolile, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kukho indida ethile. Kwincwadi yakhe eziqulathwe uyandibhanxa ngqo nkqu ukungaqondi Descartes. Ifama yengcolileyo, ayizanga ingene ibe polemic ngqiqweni abathintelwa, wayesoloko wanamathela ukuya iithowuni anencasa kubanda. Kwakungekho mpikiswano, kodwa kunoko, incoko lifana ingxoxo katitshala nomfundi, nto leyo esingaqondwayo.

Systematics ubale iindawo

Phambi Pierre Fermat iindlela kwizakhiwo lokufumana babedalelwe yi Italian Cavalieri. Noko ke, ngo-1642 Fermat wafumanisa indlela okufumana iindawo zivalelwe yi na "parabola" yaye "isibaxo." Wakwazi ukungqina ukuba kummandla nakuwuphi na iimilo mda basengaba ixabiso ezisikelwe.

Amathanga Ingxaki ukulungisa

Omnye lokuqala baqalisa ukufunda ingxaki computing pewa ubude amagophe. Wakwazi ukuzisa isisombululo lokufumana abanye isithuba. Ukuze kubalwe le ndawo ukunciphisa zonke iingxaki kwi amagophe. Yaqhubeka ukuhla ukuze angene baneembono entsha engabonwa ngakumbi "ebalulekile".

Kwixesha elizayo, zonke indlela eya zihambe kakuhle wenkcazelo ye "isithuba" wayeza ukufumana ubudlelwane kunye "indlela tangents kunye extrema". Kukho ubungqina bokuba ifama liye ubudlelwane obucacileyo, kodwa akukho namnye imisebenzi yakhe ayibonisi le mbono.

Ngokungafaniyo inkoliso oogxa bakhe phezu mzekelo, Per De Fermat waba yezibalo esulungekileyo kwaye bazama ukusebenzisa ezinye amasebe yenzululwazi. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu, igalelo layo enamandla ukuba lonke yemathematika inzulu kakhulu yaye phezulu.

Kwingcamango amanani

Igalelo Farm sibalulekileyo kwimathematika kule mini kucingwa ukudalwa lwamacandelo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo - theory inani. Scientist lonke umsebenzi wakhe, wayenomdla iingxaki izibalo ukuba maxa wambi yasungulwa kwaye bengachani yena. Xa inkqubo ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo ebuziweyo iingxaki, Fermat badla ubone into entsha ngokupheleleyo ezizodwa. ubuchule ezintsha kunye nemithetho, theorems neempawu - yonke into kanye yenza isiseko kwithiyori amanani, ngoku ezaziwa wonke umfundi.

Igalelo imisebenzi ezinye izazi

Ngenxa yoko, Per Funa wafumanisa imithetho amanani zendalo wabakhwelisa ngonaphakade. Iinkqubo amanani zendalo ngokuba "theorem ze arithmetic." Omnye umzekelo injalo odumileyo "theorem encinane." Koko Euler yayisebenza ityala okhethekileyo umsebenzi wayo. Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba umsebenzi Pierre Fermat wabuza ngokusekelwe theorem आयडेंटीफिकेशन iSazisi malunghana na udibaniso lwezikweri 4.

theorem lokugqibela Fermat kaThixo

Kakade ke, uninzi imisebenzi Pierre limi ngenxa theorem wakhe omkhulu onamandla. Ngoko iminyaka emininzi, nkqu eminyaka, kunyanzeleke ukuba 'ukwaphula intloko "i zezibalo kakhulu, yaye emva kokuba yapapashwa ngo-1995, kukho iindlela ezintsha nezahlukileyo kakhulu yobungqina nangoku iyeza kwisebe kunye icala yemathematika kwiiyunivesithi ezininzi ehlabathini lonke.

Nangona ifama ushiye kuphela Shwankathela zemisebenzi yabo yaye iinkcukacha zale, nto leyo into emenza ukuba kuvulwe ezinye buchopho ezininzi abemi kwiMathematika. Imbeko yakhe, ukuba igama elinye kwizikolo eziphakamileyo eFransi kunayo kunye ezindala - Lyceum ogama emva Pierre de Fermat e Toulouse.

sesayensi ukufa

Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe ebonakalayo endle of Farm zemathematika enambuzelayo kakhulu ngokukhawuleza phezulu obungaboniswa enkundleni yamatyala. Ngowe-1648, Pierre waba lilungu leNdlu of lwemithetho. Ngoko ke iposi eliphezulu wangqina kwisikhundla liphezulu sisazinzulu.

E Castres, apho ifama yaba Edict, yena uyafa ephumayo ukuze iseshoni kwinkundla elandelayo. Ukufa weza kwizibalo, eneminyaka engama-64. Unyana omdala ka ISAZINZULU amthabathe uyise ukuba bazise imisebenzi zabantu kwaye savelisa inani yophando.

Lo Per Funa. ngobomi bakhe yayinkulu, nobomi washiya uphawu ngawo onke amaxesha.

Iinkqubo le nyama- kwemathematika ayikwazi nemikhuba kwaye phantsi, kuba wabeka isiseko esiqinileyo abaphandi abaninzi. , Mna Per Funa, iifoto (zabantu) zinikwe nqaku kwafuneka ngumlinganiswa nkqi, ngubani ubomi bakhe bonke wamnceda ukuphumeza iinjongo zakhe.