Ukusetyenziswa laser

Igama elithi "laser" ngoko ngokuqinileyo ebomini bethu, ukuba ezi zixhobo mhlawumbi uyazi yonke mmi abadala le planethi. Ukusetyenziswa laser uye waba wesiNtu phantse mihla le. Lusetyenziswa ezininzi kwiindawo zabantu.

US zesayensi abasebenza kwi elabhoratri eyaziwa kubo. ibango Lorenz sokuba bakwazi ukubhala ngokutsha umqadi ibonwe inkulu. I-laser amandla 500 watts kunye 1,85 trillionov ziijowule Mega ka- UV. beam wasungula uba ubungakanani-2 mm ubukhulu, kodwa amandla akhe mkhulu ngaphezu koko siyathandwa zonke izixhobo eneji eUnited States, ukusebenza ngexesha elinye. lobushushu laser Iqondo lobushushu lihle laya 100 million, kwaye ke ngaphezu kokuba iziko lo mthombo uphambili wamandla - kwelanga.

Yintoni laser? Oku ngumthombo radiation magnetic, olusekelwe phezu komoya enezo neemolekyuli kunye atom. Oku kuquka zibe ezibonakalayo, infrared kunye eyingozi, ebonakala ngolwalathiso radiation eliphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ubuchule yalo ekhethekileyo.

Sebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo laser. Lusetyenziswa iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu ezifana amayeza, ibhayoloji, ishishini emkhosini, indawo kunye nonxibelelwano, yokugcina ulwazi, umlinganiselo imigama yesiqalo, ukuhla nokunyuka umabonwakude, ubugcisa ephakamileyo, kwakunye nokunye okuninzi. Oosonzululwazi namhlanje kufuneka kubulelwe laser ukukhanya monochromatic nayiphi kwamaza. Oku kunokuba yinto eqhubekayo amadlozi spectrum kunye ukubetha kwentliziyo emxinwa okanye ultrashort.

lweendidi ezaziwayo of laser:

- Gas;

- eqinileyo;

- ulwelo.

Imowdi ifildi ukubetha isebenza isardiyo laser, kodwa kweziyobisi yokusebenza engundoqo sukube, Kakade ke, igesi. athom yenziwa yi electric ukubhobhoza ukubetha.

Kukho laser semiconductor, ezo izixhobo okuqhubekayo. I-eneji radiation osuswe yi yangoku yombane. Kukho kwakhona laser gas-linamandla. Beqine kunene, kuba isiseko igama elifanayo, ebonakala ngu isenzo esiqhubekayo. Umgaqo abasebenza isekelwe kwinkqubo Ukupholisa kwemali igesi supersonic.

lweendidi ezaziwayo of laser zahlulwe iintlobo ngokuxhomekeke umbandela abasebenza: idayi, igesi, umphunga metal okanye eziqinileyo-karhulumente.

Izazi Original mihla basebenzisa laser kunye nemiphumo emangalisayo. Kwagqitywa umgama ngqo ukuya satellite komhlaba - kweNyanga, yaye yasetyenziselwa yomzamo ngqindilili, a laser lwesardiyo kunye reflectors ekoneni. oosonzululwazi usebenzisa lecondzile laser Array ithunyelwe ukusuka kumphezulu. Xa ixesha elichithwa endleleni eya enyangeni umva, umgama ngqo wayezimisele.

Xa amayeza, ukusetyenziswa laser aku- ebanzi. Ngoncedo ukubuya abantu babo ukuze baphile ubomi ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo isenokuba imisebenzi yenziwa kwiretina apho endaweni incakuba, oogqirha basebenzisa zonke laser efanayo. Ukongeza, umthombo radiation magnetic isetyenziselwa ukunyanga kabi ithambo, kwakunye nangexesha utyando xa kufuneka ukuba nezixandileyo iqwengiwe izihlunu zomzimba.

Izazi nge laser amashiya kufuneka amathuba amatsha kuphando leeprothini. Luphawu kusetyenziswa laser magnetisation kunye ukupholisa ukuba iimolekyuli kuyimfuneko kusetyenziswa amaqondo ultralow. Yaziwa ukusebenzisa laser Fusion, unyango umphezulu, unyango ubushushu lukhuni zesinyithi, kwaye, ngaphezu koko, ekuvelisweni izixhobo zale mihla. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2009 le nkampani American Northrop Grumman iseke eqinileyo-karhulumente laser yombane, amandla kwaba 100 kW kabani. Development bekumele ukuba ukulwa ekujoliswe umoya kunye emhlabeni ukuziphendulela eli lizwe.