Rootstocks Popular imithi apple

Yintoni rootstocks ukuba apile, ukuba benza ntoni na nendlela ukukhula kubo? Zonke ezi imibuzo badla navuswa kunye indlela entlakohlaza. ingqalelo okunjalo isihloko kakhulu kufanelekile, ngokuba igadi yeziqhamo apile ukuba ndityale namhlanje uya kukhula lixakathe iziqhamo amashumi ezininzi ngakumbi, kunye nezivuno sakhe sokunene ngoku. Yiloo nto sifuna ukuxoxa iinkcukacha ngomba ngokwemixholo efana rootstocks imithi apile. Ekuqaleni: yokutyala isitokhwe akuhlali, unako ukuthenga ngayo. Noko ke, kufuneka ube umthengisi ethembekileyo ukuba umphumo waba gqolo elungileyo. Kwelinye icala, rootstocks ezikhula kuphela ibe umsebenzi owahlukileyo, kuba yingenelo kakhulu lwabiwo mali lwakho. Bekuya kuba lowo ke bathengise.

Yintoni nesiqu

Ukusukela namhlanje, ukuphuphuma ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zemithi apile ndincome nje. Kakade ke, yonke umlimi abe nezilingo ezinkulu ukukhula kwindawo zabo iziqhamo ezinkulu namnandi. Mhlawumbi sele uyazi ukuba ukuze kukhulwe umthi yenkcubeko, kufuneka ukubethelela ibakala izinto elichanekileyo, kwaye kule ndawo kwaye iza kuphuhlisa. Ngaloo isabelo eletha (isetyana okanye kidney) unokuthathwa njengoko nanyana nanzalo, noko Gonya, nesiqu. xa efika kuqala kuphela kubonakala ukuba sihlume iphambili kweli duet. Isiphunzi for imithi apile nako kubalulekile kakhulu. Oku sisiseko, isizathu, apho kuxhomekeke uphuhliso kunye fruiting. Ukuba ukhetha i rootstocks isithombo engalunganga kwaye abasayi kulindela ukuba iziphumo.

yini kube rootstocks imithi apple

Ngoku lixesha lokuba ukuqalisa yokuhlela, njengoko apho siya kwenza kwi sifundo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko ukukhula ngokwabo nesiqu. Le mbewu okanye kwezityalo. Yintoni umahluko omkhulu? Kwimeko yokuqala, igama obuliqilima. embewu - sisiphumo a imbewu. Ngoko ndatyala ithambo, okanye imbewu, apile kwaye wafumana nomthi osandul 'ukutyalwa eza nembewu emithini.

Ukhetho lwesibili - rootstocks clonal. Bona zizalana ngokuthi emva komnye okanye izithole, oko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu ngakumbi rhoqo kunabanye, ngokuba lukhula ixesha ngaphantsi kakhulu elininzi. Zonke rootstocks clonal zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini - sredneroslye nenomlanga. Ukuba imithi iapile rootstocks ezincinanana yi zibonakala kakhulu nomtsalane, kodwa zifuna utyalo-mali kakhulu. Ukususela mlimi kuya kufuneka izixhobo ixhasa umbutho unkcenkceshelo kunye ulawulo lwezinambuzane kulo lonke ubomi egadini. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa kubalandeli ukukhetha ukukhula eliphakathi okanye rootstocks enkulu.

Origin of rootstocks clonal

Enyanisweni ayikho ngummangaliso kwezobunjineli yemfuza. Wabonakala ngenxa ukufuya iintlobo ezintsha kwaye ikhule ukusuka imbewu. Kutheni kwi abalimi elizayo zenze isigqibo sokutshintsha indlela yabo yokuzala? Inyaniso yokuba izityalo ikhule ukusuka imbewu ukuze pereopylilis namanye imithi apile kwaye ufumane izinto ezintsha. Umzekelo, ukuthengwa noluza ukukhula kakhulu. Kodwa ngezakhi iqinisekisa imithi ezikhulayo, nto leyo eya kubasindisa amandla ukwandisa iimpawu uhlobo ifunyenweyo lestokhwe ogqibeleleyo. rootstocks Clonal zemithi apile ezisetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo, lonke uqoqosho bazibandakanya ukuba ezilinywa zokugcina imithi elincinci zityalwe kwezityalo, uze azithengise ngokusebenzisa womnatha othenge iivenkile ezizodwa.

Zeziphi iintlobo ezilungele indima kwestokhwe

Lo ngumba eyahlukileyo ukuba udinga ingqalelo. Top Apple rootstocks - oko nabalulamileyo, iintlobo anesibindi eya ikhula kakuhle ngokufanayo kuzo zonke sezulu. Ngoko ke, inkoliso imbewu zithathwa Antonovka eqhelekileyo. Nokufuya le njongo Kitaika okanye nedile. Ukuba akunjalo, kodwa wanikela Grushovka eMoscow okanye Borovinka, ngoko ke, nabo, unako ngokukhuselekileyo ukuthatha. Kutheni kuzo? Kuba self-nokulima, ukuba ayisetyenziswa, kuba thelo akuthandeki kakhulu. Noko ke, le mithi singapheli, ukungafuni kunye ukumelana kwizifo ngezifo. Ucinga ntoni, yintoni ukuba abe imfuyo ukuthatha isithombo likhule ukusuka kubushushu-onothando imbewu, iintlobo esemazantsi, yaye oko kuya Etyelwe nje umbindi Russia? Kakade ke, ebusika yokuqala ngumkhenkce, kunye nenkqubo ingcambu. Ngoko khetha kuphela iintlobo zasekuhlaleni okanye regionalized, apha naphaya ukulungiselela iimeko ezithile.

Ukungaboni zembewu kunye rootstocks clonal

Ukukhulisa rootstocks apile siqwalasela ngezantsi ngokweenkcukacha enkulu, kodwa ngoku makhe sithethe kanye yintoni umahluko phakathi rootstocks ezikhuliselwe ngandlela thile. Khula evela rootstocks iimbewu abanganyangekiyo kakhulu sisifo kunye neemeko zemozulu, kodwa imithi amiliselwa kamva neziphumo kukuphe-. Ngokuqhelekileyo Yiminyaka 6-7 emva kokutyala, nokuvelisa ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba bafikelele kwiminyaka 10-12. Kodwa lo myezo Ndoziyolisa iminyaka 30-40 ubudala.

Njengoko isitokhwe ayiqondakali ifanele ihlathi apile, kuba uye inkqubo iingcambu branched ngaphantsi kwe e kwentlobo ezilinywayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imithi loo esinye ukulungelana mandundu kakhulu. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuthathela ingqalelo iziphumo, oko kukuthi i-hoxa, ekufuneka ungenise i-apile. stock Seed yaye, ngokunjalo, imithi etyalwe phezu kwabo, abe isivuno eliqingqiweyo malunga 15-20 iitoni ngehektare nganye. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba imithi ikhula enkulu, yaye inxalenye isitsaba non-onemveliso, nangona amasebe skeletal kunye poluskeletnye nazo zifuna amandla.

Kwezityalo okanye clonal, rootstocks yemithi apile - a oyinto ngokwenene abo balime ezinkulu, apho izivuno zithotyiwe ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into. Imithi kuwo babe ukukhula okuphakathi kunye nazo yaqala ekuqaleni. Iintlobo kwezityalo rootstocks iqashiso, ngamnye uneempawu zawo, ngoko ke siza sithethe ngamnye kubo ngokwahlukeneyo.

rootstocks agqiba

Apple imithi isiphunzi ezincinanana bohlulwa babe ngamaqela 5 ngokungqinelana amandla lokukhula. M8 - yinto inkangeleko kakhulu kwangoko kakhulu iziqhamo kunye rootstocks ezincinanana imithi apile. Abayi ezixhaphakileyo ngesizathu esilula ukuba inkqubo iingcambu phezulu. okwanamhlanje Bona zihleli emhlabeni, kungekhona ukumelana nembalela kunye neemfuno ophezulu ukuchuma komhlaba. Ukuba komhlaba balele eziphakamileyo kakhulu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuzama ukukhulisa igadi. Apple izithole on isiphunzi ezincinanana bekhula kwaye iqala ukusebenza kunyaka wesibini, Noko ke, ezi imithi ngenkankulu kukunyamezela imbalela kwaye ifuna ingqalelo, njengoko amasebe ngaphandle ngokuthembela ngokulula kwaphula phantsi ubunzima kweziqhamo zasehlotyeni, nasebusika ikhephu yi.

M27 - a isiphunzi superkarlikovy, nto leyo phantse akaze asetyenziswe iigadi kunye neegadi zasekhaya. Wood ngayo ulula kakhulu, ngenxa yoko, oku kukhokelela kukuba izityalo badla ndiludilize, kwaye uwagcine nzima kakhulu. Imithi kule isiphunzi abe isithsaba encinane kakhulu loo nto ukuthetha wakhetha ophezulu-fruiting.

D-1071 - omnye umzekelo omhle, zinendlela ezihambe ngayo IDonetsk Station Research. Oku sisiphumo yokuwela M9 kunye nedile velvet kwibakala. A ukukhula uthobekile, fruiting ngomnyaka wesithathu, isivuno eliphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezu ifanelwe balimi ingqalelo. ukumelana Frost iyanelisa, ukumelana nembalela.

Ayibonwa njengenkokheli imiyezo Russian - M9

Amaninzi isetyenziswa horticulture isiphunzi M9 (Paradizka 9). imvelaphi yayo ayaziwa, kodwa lisondele kakhulu esiXhoseni, nikhulela eGeorgia. Ihambisana kunye naluphi na uhlobo esitokisini, nto leyo ebangela kwayo. Xa izithole akayicingi endaweni basoloko kwasekwa neziqu, kodwa oku akuyiphazamisi inkqubo yokulungisa yesiqhelo. Apple imithi isiphunzi ezincinanana inkangeleko kwangethuba kakhulu iziqhamo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu xa umyezo ityalwe iinjongo zorhwebo. Imveliso kuphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba abanye rootstocks ezincinanana. imithi iyahlala - malunga neminyaka engama-20. Ekupheleni kweli thuba, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela kwangaphambili izithole ezintsha, ukuba ziphulukane kwisityalo. Le isitokhwe yi emelana neembalela, kodwa ukhetho kakhulu malunga ukuchuma komhlaba. Best iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kwimihlaba, eye ngokutyebileyo kunye semisundululu. On ukukhanya, imihlaba ngodongwe enesanti okanye enzima musa akhule. Kweli isiphunzi zezona ekhule sredneroslye apile esiXhoseni. M9 iyamelana angumgubo nangexoshomba, kukujaduka, kodwa kaninzi abachatshazelwa iintwala nezikrekrethi. Apple isiphunzi M9 ke ixhaphake kakhulu ukulima kumbindi eRashiya, baqhelana neemeko zemozulu. Kwaye imithi kule isiphunzi ngesiqhelo va eSiberia, kuphela ebusika olunzima kakhulu kukho umngcipheko yovalo.

rootstocks semi-ezincinanana

Apple nemithi isiphunzi semi-ezincinanana efanelekileyo ukuze zizalele. Oko akunjalo olindele ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo kwaye ezizodwa isekela iinkuni izixhobo. Xa rootstocks kuphela yabola M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, baqalisa ukuba ngokubanzi ezitiyeni. Noko ke, amava aye abonisa ukuba ezi ntlobo eziliqela neengxaki, ngenxa apho andabikho udumo lwabo. Okokuqala bonke babe lwenkohlakalo embi, ethe zokuxinana kwamanzi, ngoko nezihlambo abalufumani ezingafanelanga lokulima. Ukongeza, phantse yonke ingcambu ngamasebe luhlobo bangakhululekanga kakhulu ukuba umlimi.

Noko ke, ngo-apile isiphunzi semi-ezincinanana - iluncedo kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi kweli cala waqhubeka yaye zathathelwa indawo yi-UH-102. Ngokuba lo uhlobo intlola North wawela kunye M1. Umphumo waba Yikhusele into ukuhambisana kakhulu nazo zonke iintlobo zemithi kuyo imbonakalo yokuqala iziqhamo kunye nesivuno. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inkqubo ingcambu kuthatha isithuba, kubhaliwe branched kakuhle, ngoko ke ukuxhasa umthi ingafuneki. Frost ingcambu kuthetha, eme degrees -10. It ukumelana nembalela ngenxa iingcambu zikhula kakuhle. Kodwa zokuxinana kwamanzi elide moorland unako ukutshabalalisa igadi elizayo.

rootstocks ukuphakama avareji

Eneneni, umahluko phakathi rootstocks semi-ezincinanana kunye srednerosloe mncane kakhulu. Zombini ezi ukhetho kakhulu izitiya. Iziqhamo, Kakade ke, kufuneka ulinde ixesha elidana, kodwa loo nezityalo ngcono kakhulu ukumelana neemeko Russian, kuyinyamezela kakuhle iqabaka kunye nezivuno ezahlukeneyo. rootstocks apile Clonal ivumela ukufumana enkulu izixa izithole enalo iipropati ezifanayo eqinisekisa ukuba umphumo kangangoko kwi sebali.

MM-104 eziveliswa eNgilane ngokuwela kwiintlobo ngeentlobo Northern M2 no intlola. Ku fanele nokukhula eliphakathi nokuya ngamandla kwaye kwimihlaba abantwana eliphezulu. apile izithole kwi isitokhwe ekuqaleni kungena lokuzala, kodwa imveliso ungaphantsi kancinane, umzekelo, avareji MW 106. Frost, zingamelana ukuya degrees -12. M-111 yavela eNgilani yaye uthembisa ukuba ummandla kumazantsi eUkraine. Alnarp (A2) - isiphunzi onamandla-likhula, nto leyo sungula ku eSweden. Imithi ziqala ukuthwala isiqhamo eneminyaka 3-4, isivuno eliphezulu. ukumelana frost - up to degrees -14. It ukumelana umgama omhlaba aluyiyo ingcambu a izithole. Njengoko ubona, i-apile, kunzima nokuba ukudwelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo rootstocks, ngoko ke ezininzi namhlanje.

ukuphakama Umyinge ngokukhetha stock Russian

Zonke ezi ntlobo babe avareji ukumelana frost nangokusebenzayo azibe kwimiqathango eSiberia. Noko ke, ukulinywa rootstocks apile - oku ngumsebenzi ethembisa kakhulu apho abalimi anomdla Russian. Ngenxa yoko, i-stock ukukhula kakhulu medium, leyo ilungele iimeko Russian yasungulwa. Kuyinto iyahambisana kakuhle kwiintlobo ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ezimandla zembalela ngokwaneleyo kunye iqabaka-ukumelana, oko kukuthi ungasetyenziswa sebali yakho egadini. Emva emithathu kweminyaka, uya kuba neziqhamo ngokuzala apile umthi. Isiphunzi 118 fixed ngokugqibeleleyo emhlabeni yaye akafuni kufuna inkxaso eyongezelelweyo. Ngamasebe ingcambu, abambalwa kakhulu, nto leyo elula kakhulu yesondlo. Kufuna ukuthenwa rhoqo phantsi-ukugcina umthi kwisithuba ezintathu ubude. Imithi kule isiphunzi ngokukhawuleza kwendelisela iingcambu, lukhule ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokugqibeleleyo fructify.

Ukukhulisa esitokisini

Ukuba ugqiba ukuba yokuyenza ngokwakho, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele kwangaphambili imbewu. Apples kufuneka zisuswe emthini, xa mbewu iya kuba brown. Oku kwenzeka phambi kokuba iziqhamo zivuthwe ngokupheleleyo. Isiqhamo ke kuyimfuneko ukuba awadubadube, uhlambe a lot of amanzi. imbewu sivuthiwe kuhlala emazantsi. Ngoku isahlulo fun: imbewu kufuneka ukuba wakubo, oko kukuthi phantsi kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, kodwa zamva ukuba nabo watyala ngqo emhlabeni phambi ebusika.

Apple imithi ifuna iintsuku 90 ezithile ngokwezinga. Ukuze wenze oku, ukuba bathele imbewu imini emanzini, uze ogalelwe isanti okanye umgquba kwaye oluhlambulukileyo kwishelfu emazantsi efrijini. Rhoqo hlola umgangatho ukufuma, kwakunye ukuluvusa, ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwe-oksijini. Ndatyala xa uphawula ukuba baqalise ukwaphula leqanda. Ukuba ezibalwe ngokuchanekileyo ixesha, kufuneka ibe phakathi ku-Epreli - ekuqaleni May, xa ingatyalwa ngqo emhlabeni. Apha baya bachithe ihlobo yokuqala kunye ukuchitha ubusika ngokukhuselekileyo. Kunyaka olandelayo, uya kuba izithole sesilungile, leyo zingasetyenziswa njenge nesiqu. Inkcazelo rootstocks apile, siye sikunike ngokuyinxenye, kodwa sikuncede ireferensi ulwazi, ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga neentlobo kwindawo yakho.

Ukukhulisa rootstocks clonal

Apha, yonke into lula kakhulu. Kufuneka uthenge stock esele zenziwe kuphela ndizigawule phezulu kwayo. Ukutyala apile isiphunzi kufuneka kwenziwa utywala nonina, apho wachitha iminyaka eli-10 uya kuninika iinkqubo ezintsha. Kwaba phezu ixesha enjalo kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubhukisha kwangaphambili kule ndawo. Kuba utywala akazange ivumelane enzima, zomhlaba oludongwe, oyisanti kodwa, phezu koko, iya kuba ukhetho efanelekileyo, kodwa kuphela phantsi imeko ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo. Qaphela ukuba ukhetha kunye kwimpahla ukusuka emhlabeni isixa esikhulu kwezondlo, khon 'ukuze ilizwe utywala umama ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ediniwe. Ngoko rhoqo ukwenza nezichumiso, kwimbuphu yesarha neendiza, bethunana umgquba. Apha, umntu uqala ukuba athi kwimbuphu yesarha kancane umhlaba, kodwa imithi yama-apile ukunyamezeleka kakuhle iimeko ezinjalo.

Zingaphi esitokisini kufuneka kuzibonela ngokwakho ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho. Ukuba ufuna utywala enkulu, umgama phakathi kwemiqolo ukuba bagcine malunga 150 cm. Akuyi kukhula umthi, kunye etyholweni. Phambi kokutyala, dig groove encinane malunga 8 cm, kunye abamnyama carbon kuyo kwi umgama nesiqu ekunene. Kwangoko emva kokutyala, ndinqumle kuyo nomphakamo 30 cm izityalo umsebenzi kunyaka wokuqala -. Well kwendelisela iingcambu, ngoko akukho izakhi eyongezelelweyo iyafuneka. Ekuqaleni emthonjeni kunyaka olandelayo, wonqanyulwa, isiphunzi ukuphakama 5-7 cm ukusuka kumgangatho osezantsi. Ukufakwa izintso ziqala ukukhula ihlume, kwaye kamsinya nje ukuba bafikelele ukuphakama-15 cm, kufuneka kutshizwe emhlabeni. Ngokukhula ukuze kude kube utywala amaxesha ubuncinane esinye isibini. Qiniseka ukuba yokunyakamisa umhlaba phambi kokuba okanye induli emva kwemvula. Ekwindla ungathatha izithole yaye ukulungele ukuba ubatyale ngokwahlukeneyo. Emva koko kufuneka ugcwalise up inxalenye ubuntu umhlaba lotywala. Entlakohlaza akukho mfuneko ukulibazisa ukuvulwa kwetyholo ekwindla walitshiza, ukuba ukulibazisa ukuvuseleleka of amathupha aleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, igadi wakho rhoqo kunikwa izinto phantse simahla ukulinywa apile ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ukuba unayo indawo enkulu, esi sifundo isenokuba isiqalo ishishini eliphumelelayo.

Ngamafuphi

Ebhomeni - ayikho umhombiso lokwenene kuphela kwindawo yakho ipoma, kodwa ngumthombo-apile, apho Stock phezulu ebusika, kwakunye ingeniso elungileyo. Kuqala khetha udidi ongathanda ukuba ukukhula kule ndawo. Fumanisa ukuba iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ukukhula eqhelekileyo kunye fruiting. Ekugqibeleni, beka umthi umzali, unga uthabathe kuzo izinto for yokumilisela. Ngoku ungakwazi ukuba iyaphucuka indlela endikhangeleka isitokhwe. Kakade ke, kufuneka zidityaniswe kunye nabanye. Ukuze ezikhula imbewu isiphunzi - lenkathazo kwaye elide, kungcono kakhulu kuthenga Njengokungeniswa kwesithungu efanelekileyo niyibeke utywala. Kunyaka olandelayo, uya kuba izithole, alungele ugonyo. Qaphela ukuba istokhwe mababe kunxibelelana iimpawu zemozulu lommandla wakho, kungenjalo vymerznet izityalo.

Xabisa ulwazi kunye iingcambu zawo. Ezinezikhondo, kubekwe phezu ibonisa ukuba isityalo undersized, akasayi kusinda mbalela kwaye kuza kufuneka inkxaso. Izityalo kunye nenkqubo ephuhliswe kakuhle core, ngokuchaseneyo, akayi kuyinyamezela iindawo ezimanzi, nezihlambo kunye komhlaba nzulu.