Amalahle Brown. Coal imigodi. Intsimi lignite

Ukusetyenziswa amalahle brown akuxhaphakanga kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ilitye lalo analogu, kodwa kufudumeze iindleko ephantsi ebangela ukufaneleka ngaloo eziphili zamandulo phakathi kwibhoyila encinane kunye nawabucala. EYurophu, olu hlobo yaziwa ngokuba lignite, nangona kunqabile uyazimela ulwahlulohlulo jikelele kwamalahle. Ngokumalunga injongo, ngoko, umzekelo, eJamani lisetyenziswa yokubonelela izityalo amandla zomphunga lignite eGrisi ikuvumela ukuba uzakujikelezisa ukuya kwi-50%. Kodwa kwakhona kangaka nje uhlobo amafutha eqinileyo, lo mbandela kuye, ubuncinane ngohlobo njengesibonelelo elizimeleyo.

ingcaciso ngokubanzi lignite

Lignite na oliliwa-like mass oxineneyo ukukhanya-mdaka okanye lube mnyama. kunokuthi kubonwe isakhiwo iinkuni yemifuno kwi sihlolisisa. Le amalahle kwibhoyila elimdaka itshile kunokuba ngokukhawuleza ukukhululwa uthuthu lweziko kunye nevumba bokuhlala olulophu. Ngokuphathelele ekwakhiweni, oko kwenziwa uthuthu, isalfure, carbon, hydrogen neoksijini. Elimsulwa bahambelana izinto ezifanayo langoku kwezinye iintlobo namalahle.

Ngokutsho kwengoma eziphathekayo, uninzi lwezi zibonelelo inxulumene humites. Transitional Sapropelite kunye nomgquba inclusions kwenzeka ngohlobo ungqameko kwemali of humites. Xa zitya lignite microcomponents ezimi vitrinite. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izakhi uthuthu kwiinkalo ezifana kakhulu kunzima ukubala. Kuba ukubala thermal yokusebenza kucetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane tafile ezikhethekileyo ze uthelekise iimpawu kwezixhobo data kwibhoyila uhlobo.

Origin of yesibambiso

Ezi Iidipozithi inkulu ke uphawu le neetyuwa Mesozoic-Cenozoic. In a Carboniferous Lower iidipozithi le isitya eMoscow kungathiwa umnyinyiva. iidipozithi yaseYurophu enxulumene becala ngeengcamba Neogene- ixesha Paleogenic, yaye Asia esilawulwa ndawo സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe. iifosili anqabe yexesha Cretaceous. babelawula Russian nayo le nxalenye ibe izinto neetyuwa സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe. Ubuninzi izibonelelo ubuxoki kubunzulu nzulu (10-60 m). Ngenxa kule inkalo kubekho imigodi yamalahle evulekileyo, nangona kukho kwakhona iindlela yingxaki ukuya ku 200 mitha. Owona ekrwada eziphathekayo ukuze kwakhiwe lignite kanye wakhonza ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo imithi coniferous, umgquba kunye pyalpy. Nokwandiswa carbon ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokubola lwenzeka ngaphantsi kwamanzi kwaye ngaphandle ukufikelela komoya. Kwakhona basis kweenkuni, ugalelwe ngesanti nodongwe, apho uguqulo ngakumbi iidipozithi inyathelo neefomu mifanekiso.

wamalahle

Russia ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso lignite ubekwe yesihlanu. Malunga ne-75% lwezixhobo zizonke ezikhoyo iinkampani zoshishino kunye namandla, kwaye abanye isetyenziswa kwishishini kwemichiza kunye yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Kwakhona, kukho inani elincinane kwamanye amazwe. Uphuhliso Technology kunye nemveliso ngqo ukhumbula jikelele kunye Iindlela zokusebenza kunye nezinye iintlobo iidipozithi carbon. Kodwa amalahle imigodi brown umbala zinezibonelelo yayo. Ekubeni lo uhlobo usemtsha noko, umyinge enkulu lwemvelaphi licatshulwa endle. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela yeyona kakhulu, ekhuselekileyo kunye cheap. Noko ke, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono ngemvelo ingelilo ndlela ilungileyo le gesi, ukususela njengokuphuhliswa kwemingxuma nzulu iquka zitsho enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-sonke.

imali enkulu

Ukuba sithethe Russia, iidiphozithi inkulu amalahle mdaka kuba enkwalini ezintsonkothileyo Soltonsky. Lo mthombo kuphela amalahle, ibekwe besekhaya. Ngokutsho kweengcali, le idiphozithi iqulathe malunga 250 million iitoni elulwalweni. Kwakhona yaziwa kunye Kan-Achinsky multikilometer pool amalahle brown, leyo imi kummandla Krasnoyarsk. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, imveliso yenziwa kwi iteknoloji evulekileyo. iidipozithi kakhulu nathembisayo lignite kwaye ziphuhliswe eJamani, nto leyo umthengisi inkulu kwamalahle eYurophu. Esibaluleke ezinkulu-scale kuqhubeka eMpuma Jamani, apho amadike Central waseJamani kunye Lauzitsky. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, ezi iidiphozithi ziqulathe iitoni 80 billion. Njengoko eRashiya, iingcali waseJamani lukhokelwa sisiCwangciso- indlela open kwimveliso, ukusuka indlela Shaft eninzi.

Iindleko lignite

Ngokutsho iimpawu esemgangathweni amalahle brown ilitye ulahlekelwa nogxa eqhelekileyo ngakumbi. Noko ke, izinto ezininzi wenza kube lula ukuba ukukhulisa kancinci imfuno resource kangako. Phakathi kwabo Sinokuchaza isixa apho lignite liyafezekiswa. Ixabiso kuyahlukana-avareji ukusukela ku engange-800 ukuya 1200. Itoni 1. Ixabiso calorific ephakamileyo, kungona layo. Thelekisa i ton amalahle zingathengwa at the best of 2000 amawaka engange .. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, le bokuqonda yokusebenza kwibhoyila usebenzisa lignite kusekho ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kabanzi. Kodwa nabathengisi izinto umgangatho phakathi abathengi kunye neenkampani namandla, kwaye abangakwaziyo yokusebenzisa ngamnye.

isiphelo

Isiphelo lignite Umboleki kunikwa ngendlela ehleliweyo okanye engalungiswanga. Njengoko amafutha ngokuqhelekileyo lwasekhaya esetyenziselwa ukutshiswa acolwa, kunye namashishini ezintsonkothileyo metallurgical lenziwe koksobrikety. Ngenxa yeendleko zayo ephantsi kunye nokusasazwa ngokubanzi imali enkulu zamalahle emdaka asiyiyo indawo zokugqibela kuluhlu lwezincedisi izibaso ofunwayo. Noko ke, kwimvelaphi yokwandisa amandla ngobuchule zokufudumeza neemfuno iinkqubo kunye nemimiselo zokusingqongileyo ezifana izinto engqongqo ekrwada buya kangako. Kumazwe amaninzi, ukusetyenziswa amalahle brown ilinganiselwe kwiimfuno imveliso, kodwa Russia, Germany imizekelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba hlobo kunye ukufaneleka ngokwemiqathango yokusebenzisa yabathengi.