Public Choice Theory

theory ukhetho Public - le mfundiso (ingqeqesho), apho iindlela zophando kunye namacebo apho abantu basebenzisa arhente zikarhulumente ngenxa yenzuzo. uhlalutyo yento eyenziwa kwiimeko zombini ummeli kunye nedemokhrasi ngqo. Kulo mba, theory ukhetho yoluntu ikakhulu lifunda inkqubo yonyulo, imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye neminye imisebenzi zamasekela.

Uhlalutyo luqala idemokhrasi ngqo kamva yaqhubeka kukulungiselela ummeli njengoko factor umda. Umda izifundo zokufunda zifakiwe kunye neendlela yommiselo kwezoqoqosho. Imfundiso kwezinye iimeko ekuthethwa njengoko uqoqosho olutsha lwezopolitiko ngenxa yokuba oko uphonononga indlela zopolitiko izigqibo zoqoqosho.

theory ukhetho Public agxeke Keynesians, iphosa intandabuzo phezu ukusebenza, ukufaneleka ngoncedo kurhulumente kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Abameli lokufundisa libe yinto analysis umnyulwa nomthelela amaqhinga zemali kunye emali, kodwa ngqo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo kurhulumente.

Eqalisiweyo ngamahlanu kunye gqira zenkulungwane yama-20, le ngcamango ukhetho yoluntu iye njengesakhi ebalulekileyo ekufundeni zeniyo-kwamaziko. Umfutho ngoko nangoko ukwenzela uphuhliso kwingqeqesho yaqala iingxoxo banesifo kunye novalo. Nangona kwakukho iingxaki economics ntle kunye socialism emarikeni. Kule gqira minyaka ncam nemiphumela ebanzi iphepha itolo Social Choice and Values ngamnye. Kulo msebenzi ngamazinga nembono yelizwe kunye ngamnye. Iphambene le nto yabonakala Tullock kunye Buchanan. Basondela ke isifaniso phakathi emarikeni kunye norhulumente. Kulo mzekelo, ulwalamano phakathi kwabemi kunye urhulumente ucinga, ngokungqinelana nomgaqo "IQuid pro quo". Ngayo kwezi iingcinga kamva waqalisa ukuyakha ngobhalo ukhetho yoluntu.

Okokuqala ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo eluseludinini isifundo inkqubo yebhajethi, zomzekelo yonikezelo kunye nemfuno kwimarike kobutyebi baseburhulumenteni abameli yesikolo Italian of bezimali karhulumente. Ezi zibalo babantu zilandelayo: Mazzola, Pantaleoni, Viti de Marco. Ziqulunqwe ekupheleni ngezimvo benkulungwane ye-19 zaye kuphuhliswa ngakumbi ngemisebenzi ngabameli Swedish School of Economics. Ngoko ke, Lindahl kunye Wicksell wahlawula ingqalelo ubukhulu becala neenkqubo zopolitiko, enika inkcazelo yento ethile yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente sikarhulumente.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindlela kuphuhliswa kunye nezimvo ixesha elide engazanga isetyenziswe xa befundisa. Ngu novalo, kunye namashumi omahlanu kule mpikiswano yenzululwazi baqala ukungena ngamandla kwithiyori yohlobo eyiyo ngemisebenzi kunye ukuziphatha kwabantu entsimini kwezopolitiko. Oku ikakhulu wenza umbulelo ukuba ukupapashwa imisebenzi Arrow, Downs, Schumpeter, Black.

Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso izimvo yakhokelela lokusekwa amalungiselelo oluxandileyo, eneneni lo ngobhalo ukhetho yoluntu. A indima ephambili kuphuhliso imfundiso yaba abameli Virginia School of Economics.

Ngaphakathi izibonelelo ezimbalwa umntu ukuba akhethe enye yeenketho sinikezelwe. Kulo mzekelo, iindlela okuhlalutya ukuba ukufunda ukuziphatha kwabantu kwiimeko zemarike zithathelwa ingqalelo jikelele. Kule meko, ukuba kunokusetyenziswa zonke indawo apho umntu kufuneka senze ukhetho.

Njengoko ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ezingundoqo ukuze kwakhiwe izazinzulu ukuxhasa into yokuba imisebenzi zabantu kwisigaba kwezopolitiko lu dityanisiwe sisigcina izilangazelelo zabo. Ngoko, umahluko ocace gca phakathi kwezopolitiko ishishini azikho.