Yintoni inkqubo elanga. Exploration kwenkqubo elanga. planethi ezintsha yenkqubo elanga

Yintoni inkqubo nelanga? Eli likhaya lethu sonke. Kuthetha ntoni nala? Njani yaye lamiswa? Ngamnye kubalulekile ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni kwikona kumnyele esiphila.

Ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi

Isifundo "inkqubo langa" kufuneka uqale nesibakala sokuba yokugqibela yinxalenye wendalo kunye olungathethekiyo. Isikali ngayo ingqondo yomntu ukuqonda oko. Kuqina izibona zethu, siya sijonga emajukujukwini, kokukhona sibona kweenkwenkwezi ziwe. Ngokutsho concepts mihla yonke uye isakhiwo ethile. Kwaye ibandakanya iminyele kunye Izihloko zazo. Indawo apho inkqubo solar - kumnyele iMilky Way. Siqulathe iinkwenkwezi amakhulu ezigidi, uninzi lwazo efana nelanga. Ihlabathi lethu - kwakuhlaziya yellow nenomlanga eqhelekileyo. Kodwa inxenye Bulelani enkulu kubungakanani athobekile kwaye lobushushu isitali kwinkqubo yakhe yakwazi ukuxhasa ubomi.

ukuvela

neemfundiso zale mihla ukuvela nkqubo elanga inikeze linxibelelene yeengcinga malunga nasekusungulweni iphela. Ukuvela kwakhe nangoku ingaziwa. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kuphela zemathematika. Ngokutsho yeyona ixhaphakileyo apho Universe yethu nesuka neminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe engukumkani billion eyadlulayo kwi Big Bang. Kukholelwa ukuba inkwenkwezi yethu, kwiminyaka 4.7 billion. Malunga budala kunye nenkqubo nelanga. Mdala kangakanani eyemka ngayo ukuphila? A iminyaka billion Ilanga liya kungena kumjikelo olandelayo wophuhliso ube ngxilimbela ebomvu. Ngokutsho izibalo izazinzulu ezininzi, nelona qondo liphezulu emoyeni sayo iya kuba nje kumgama we ukujikeleza komhlaba. Ukuba emva kokuba imali elikhulu enjalo xesha, uluntu luya kuqhubeka khona, kuba abantu bekuya kuba yintlekele ngokwenene endaweni yonke. konke Kodwa le kwixesha elizayo esikude. Yintoni imeko namhlanje?

Izidumbu yenkqubo elanga

Ngoko ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba, Kakade, inkwenkwezi yethu. Abantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo wamnika igama lakhe kuthiwa ilanga. Ugxile ezingamashumi alithoba ekhulwini mass zonke iinkqubo. akhawunti enye kuphela ngenxa iiplanethi, zabo Hewana, eziwa, izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, enomsila kunye Kuiper nebhanti umzimba. Ngoko ke yintoni na Solar System? Le ilanga kwaye yonke into kugxile kuyo. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

ilanga

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, inkwenkwezi - ngumbindi kwinkqubo yethu. Ubungakanani yabengezela yayo. Ilanga nzima ngaphezu Umhlaba kumaxesha ezingamakhulu amathathu namashumi amathathu amawaka! Kwaye ububanzi balo mkhulu ngaphezu Umhlaba omnye ezingamakhulu asithoba amaxesha. I-avareji density salo mbandela elanga izihlandlo 1.4 kuphela ngaphezu lexinene amanzi. Kodwa oku akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe elahlekisayo. Eneneni, kwimimandla usembindini lexinene inkwenkwezi amaxesha alikhulu elinamanci mahlanu omkhulu apho ngenxa koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye abasabela nuclear aqale. Apha, hydrogen eyenziwe helium.

Emva koko ukukhulula amandla engumphumela idluliselwa yi පිළිතුරු iimpendulo ukuya maleko langaphandle kwaye dissipated emajukujukwini. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, Sun yethu ngoku asixhenxe anesihlanu ekhulwini ubunjwe yeehidrojeni 25% helium, ezinye iziqalelo engekho ngaphezulu kwe-1%. Kwindawo yokuqala kubhaliwe kwathiwa ilanga ityatyambile ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba fuel nangoku kakhulu kunene. Ngokuqhelekileyo xa lilonke iinkwenkwezi yale yeklasi (nenomlanga etyheli) yiminyaka billion elishumi. Asikwazi sithi amagama ambalwa malunga isakhiwo kwelanga. Xa iziko yayo yi engundoqo enkulu, kulandele ummandla linobuqaqawuli transfer amandla, පිළිතුරු iimpendulo, kunye photosphere chromosphere. Kwi inxalenye yokugqibela kukho prominences. Sunspots - ummandla kumphezulu kwenkwenkwezi apho lobushushu usezantsi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba amehlo mnyama. inkwenkwezi yethu lijikeleza kufutshane axis kwayo kwisithuba seentsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu Umhlaba. Kuyinto ngenkankulu kukubaxwa ukuthi yonke inkqubo elanga kuxhomekeka kwimeko nkwenkwezi. Darkroom for ukufunda iinkqubo kulo kuyo ndadala ukujikeleza.

Mercury

Lo wokuqala umzimba cosmic, apho siya kudibana, ukusuka elangeni. Kwaye ngenxa yoko isondele kumphezulu shushu kakhulu yaye phantse akukho moya uyijikelezileyo. Ku fanele ku iiplanethi ebizwa ngokuba yi-ezisentlabathini. iimpawu zawo ezifanayo: mninzi kakhulu phezulu, ubukho umoya gas-amanzi, inani elincinane Hewana, ubukho isiqalo neyokwaleka cortical. Noko ke, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, umoya ka Mercury cishe ndayihluthwa - ubuye umoya elanga. Khumbula ukuba Ikhusela Umhlaba evela entsimini olomeleleyo Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye nomgama. Kodwa ke phezu kwalo, imvulophu sukube ka Mercury kusengenziwa elibhaqiweyo, kuba iqulathe ion yesinyithi, leyo komphunga ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba. Kukho apho (ngezixa ezincinane) ioksijini, nitrogen kunye neegesi egalelwe.

Mercury ihamba phakathi Sun nokujikeleza evuthelweyo. ixesha layo Orbital 88 iintsuku Umhlaba. Kodwa ukuba nijike le ezimanyeneyo iplanethi efunekayo phantse 59 iintsuku. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yale Mercury kukho umahluko omkhulu kobushushu ukusuka thabatha 183 ukuya dibanisa 427 ^{0 0} Celsius.

iplanethi cratered kwamanzi, iintaba phantsi neentlambo. Kukho kwakhona ukulanda umkhondo Mercury ucinezelo (ngenxa Ukupholisa core metal) - ngokohlobo kwemiqhele evuthelweyo). Izazinzulu lubonisa ubukho ice kwamanzi kwezinye iindawo emthunzini planethi.

Venus

Le lesibini iminyaka ilandelelana uMhlaba-ezifana ukusuka elangeni. Xa kunene ngokubaluleka ubungakanani Mercury, kodwa incinane kancinci nje Umhlaba kokubini ubunzima kunye ubukhulu. Satellites ziyafumaneka. Kodwa kukho bume ashinyeneyo, leyo ubusithelisayo phantse ngokupheleleyo emehlweni ethu phezu Venus. Ngenxa iqondo lobushushu i yayo ephezulu kakhulu kwi Mercury: amaxabiso avareji ukufikelela ⁰ 475 Celsius, kungekho ukuhla kakhulu diurnal. Enye inkalo yeegesi - imimoya kakhulu kwi ezinobude yeekhilomitha ezininzi (ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu ngomzuzwana), ezi neenkanyamba. Yintoni ebangela ukuba - awukacaci na. Umphunga iqulethe alithoba anesithandathu ekhulwini le carbon dioxide. Mpilo kunye namanzi nomphunga ayinamsebenzi. Ngenxa aphaphazele aye emhlabeni iziphekepheke eziliqela, oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukufumana imaphu olude eneenkcukacha ye Venus. kumphezulu-langa yahlulwe amathafa neenduli. mpumalanga ezimbini ezinkulu zinako ukuqatshelwa. Kukho imigodi ezininzi impembelelo.

umhlaba

Gxila, ucamngce kwiplanethi yethu, thina, ngokuba isenguye abaninzi bafunda neyaziwa kakuhle umfundi. Kodwa yintoni na inkqubo solar ngaphandle emhlabeni? .. Mna ndithi ukuba indlu yethu nangoku izaliswe iimfihlelo ezininzi. Ngaphezu koko, Umhlaba - inkqubo elanga emhlabeni, nto leyo ivelisa ngokobunzima ingxilimbela igesi kuphela nokuba ibhatyi amanzi. ixesha Orbital emhlabeni inkwenkwezi ziintsuku 365, yaye umgama kuwo - million 150 km - ithathwa njengokuba unit ngeenkwenkwezi. Bathi ukuba Umhlaba - umhlaba kwenkqubo elanga, nto leyo eye ngomli- neqabane kuphela, uye phambili.

mars

Kwaye ngoku sijongene planethi ebomvu - iphupha yamabali ezenzululwazi kunye nomzimba yasezulwini malunga apho umntu ayeke ukuzibuza. Ke phezu Mars isebenza kwisiphekepheke. Kwaye emva kweminyaka elishumi kukho sele uza kuthumela isiphekepheke swi. Kutheni le nto abantu abanomdla kangaka Mars? Ewe, ngenxa yokuba iimeko lo mhlaba usondeleyo Earth. Izazi ezidlulileyo ngokubanzi kucingelwa ukuba IMars imijelo yamanzi kunye nobomi bezityalo. Ukukhangelwa yokugqibela, ngokuzenzekelayo, usaqhubeka. Mhlawumbi oku kuya kuba umhlaba wokuqala apho umntu uqala ukufunda inkqubo elanga.

Ngu ubunzima Mars kabini ngobukhulu kobasemhlabeni. emoyeni wayo kakhulu ezincinane kwaye ibandakanya ikakhulu carbon dioxide. I-avareji iqondo lobushushu - thabatha 60 Degrees Celsius. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo-ikhweyitha, ukuba ungaya ukuya ekuqaleni. ngonyaka Mars sisaqhubeka omathandathu, anamanci asibhozo anesixhenxe iintsuku Umhlaba. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ukujikeleza umhlaba iya kakhulu anaba, onyaka kuso ezahlukeneyo ngokobude. Izinti umhlaba alekwe Imikhenkce ekumiselwe kuyo incam ezibhityileyo. Mars imigodi etyebileyo neenduli. Kule planethi ebomvu intaba liphezulu kwinkqubo solar - Olympus. ukuphakama kwawo malunga 12 neekhilomitha. Kwaye Mars ineenyanga ezimbini ezincinci - Phobos kunye Deimos.

ibhanti asteroid

Le ibekwe phakathi umzila iMars Jupiter. Enyanisweni, oku indawo ebanzi kakhulu umdla. Kuyo uyakwazi ukufumana kwesigidi iziza ezahlukeneyo, ikakhulu ezincinane - ukuya ku amakhulu leemitha. Kodwa kukho zinde ezifana Ceres (ubukhulu - 950 km), UVesta okanye palladium. Okokuqala, baye nabo ingqalelo izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, kodwa ngowama-2006 waqonda kwiiplanethi ezincinanana, njengo iPluto. Zonke ezi zinto zaye kwasekwa ngexesha lokusekwa kwenkqubo elanga. Mhlawumbi zonke izijikelezi - ezingazange ube umhlaba ngenxa yempembelelo olomeleleyo ukubunjwa ngokukhawuleza Jupiter. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentsapho izijikelezi. Phakathi kwazo kukho owenziwe ngamatye ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kwixesha elizayo ezikude, ingasetyenziswa kushishino.

I planethi

Ngokwahlukileyo kulo mzimba yasezulwini, njenge Earth, izijikelezi-langa yenkqubo solar ngaphaya ibhanti ke, ilitye, babe nobunzima kakhulu elikhulu. Okokuqala, kakade, Jupiter kunye iSaturn. Ezi zinkulu ukuthwasa kwenyanga amaninzi, amanye awo nokuba bafana ubungakanani iiplanethi ezisentlabathini. ISaturn yaziwa ngamakhonkco alo, nto leyo eneneni eyenziwe izinto ezininzi ezincinane. Ukuxinana kwezi neeplaneti umhlaba ezincinane kakhulu. Le into likaSaturn, ngokubanzi, elula ngaphezu kwamanzi. Phantse onke Izigebenga babe engundoqo esiqinileyo. umoya wabo yakhiwa hydrogen, helium, ammonia, igesi kunye nezixa ezincinane nezinye iigesi. Ukubunjwa Jupiter kunye uSaturn ngandlela ezininzi efanayo nokwakheka ilanga lethu.

Akumangalisi ukuba ingqalelo iinkwenkwezi ndiseyimbumba. Bona nje akazange abe ubunzima ngokwaneleyo.

Edreyi igesi True Uranus noNeptune kungathathwa kwemiqathango nje, ngenxa yokuba umoya onamandla. Kodwa ke, kubonakala, sekunjalo kufuneka kwindawo eqinileyo. Kwaye kulapho iqala ukuba le kaZeyus - kunzima ukutsho. Kukholelwa ukuba ngundoqo planethi inkulu kwenkqubo elanga yenziwa hydrogen sisinyithi. Phantse yonke ingxilimbela kukhutshwe zamandla (ubushushu), kwaye izixa ezinkulu kuno lufumaneka ilanga. Sonke kufuneka nemisesane, nasekuthwaseni kwenyanga ezininzi. umoya yawo yokuguguma kwamandla ezingabonwayo ziinkanyamba (i tyi ke umhlaba eLangeni, kokukhona).

I Kuiper ibhanti

Kwakunzima kwimida Solar System. Apha yiplanethi yangaphambili iPluto (ngo-2006, kwagqitywa anqunyulwe loo status), kwakunye ezinokuthelekiswa kunye wehla kunye nobungakanani Makemake, Eris, Huamea. Oku njalo kuxokwa-iiplanethi ezintsha kwinkqubo elanga. Kwaye amawaka, ukuba izigidi zezinye izidumbu ezincinane. Ukuze kubonakale, i Kuiper Belt alibandakanyi ngaphaya iiyunithi ngeenkwenkwezi 100. Xa vekeleke, abaphengululi, apha kuza nonomgca ngamaxesha elifutshane. Oort engqingqwa inkqubo elanga iphela. Ingxelo Ifoto evela kwezi ndawo, kusenokwenzeka kungekudala siza ukuya kwisiphekepheke, "New lawo".

Kwaye kunjalo, ngamafutshane, siye lubonise ukuba wezijikelezi, yaye yintoni imiba liphethe. Ngoku kuquka iiplanethi ezintlanu ezinkulu, inkwenkwezi wethu, kunye nenani lezinto ezincinane. Nangona kunjalo, isayensi lwale mihla olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye mhlawumbi, ngomso siya kuba nako ukwazi ukuba bafumana iiplanethi ezintsha kwinkqubo elanga.