Yintoni eza kwenzeka hryvnia? hryvnia Ukrainian: Ingxelo isazi

Ngenxa imeko ezingazinzanga yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe malunga umbuzo ngoko kuya kwenzeka kunye hryvnia ngo-2015, ixesha elide angalahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwayo. An into umdla kukuba ngokuchasene nentsukaphi iziganeko zehlabathi ezibalulekileyo ezifana revolution shale, ukuwa iindleko oyile kunye nokutyunjwa kwezohlwayo Russian, akukho namnye unako ukunika uqikelelo oluthembekileyo.

Njengoko ekubhekiswe kuyo ngo-2014?

Ekupheleni kuka-2014, kwacacisa ukuba ngumcelimngeni abantu kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, Ukraine kungekho ngaphandle. Xenga le meko ayegqatse yi iingcali kwangaphambili olunye uphuhliso. Ingxelo esemthethweni nobuganga ukwenza nje Andrew Novak, intloko-Ofisi kaMongameli weKomiti zoqoqosho kunye ezimbalwa namanye amanani zoluntu.

Nowak swi yokuba-mboleko ngo-2015 zange kuchaphazela utshintsho kwi hryvnia. Ngokutsho kwakhe, nokuzinzisa kuya kwenzeka kuphela xa ziqale naluphi na uhlobo zentelekelelo kwimarike imali yelinye ilizwe, kwakunye ekuphunyezweni engumzekelo-nkqubo ongqongqo wokuba i-National Bank.

Ngokutsho Vladimir Starintsa, a phambili yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, namhlanje Ukraine ukho karhulumente preddefoltnom. Imeko ukuba bagxeke ukuba Russia uza kufuna imbuyekezo ezintathu sewaka ngetyala. Le meko athambise kuphela angqongqo kunye kwimeko lokunqunyanyiswa kweentlawulo ntle.

Okunye abanethemba yakwazi ukuva ukusuka emlonyeni kolawulo inkampani Capital Times Erika Naymana. Wathi ukuba izinga lotshintshiselwano hryvnia ngo-2015 ziya ilungiswe kuluhlu-15 ukuya 25 hryvnia dollar ngalinye, leyo, enyanisweni, iyenzeka namhlanje. Ukuba ukuphatha ukuphumeza zonke iinguqu okucwangcisiweyo kwaye bezimali, le meko equalized ekupheleni konyaka.

I-National Bank unqabile ukuhlaziya

On lo mbuzo oko kuya kwenzeka hryvnia, andizange nobuganga ukuphendula ixesha elide, nkqu NBU, kuba akazange kwifayile umhlalutyi yakhe kwiKhabhinethi ngendlela ngexesha. IKhabinethi ukusebenzisa iingqikelelo of kubananisi investment kunye zezoqoqosho, njengoko uMphathiswa wezeMali uye ngokusesikweni ibhengeze lo lizwe Natalia Yaresko. NguMbuso ngcembe uqoqosho National Bank uqikelelo hryvnia ngonyaka ubonelela ekubaleni projekthi lwabiwo-mali lonyaka olandelayo. Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk, ngequbuliso kuye ngokusemthethweni ubhengeze ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kaRhulumente idrafti for 2015 okunene izinga njongo, nto leyo eneneni kude kumfanekiso lokwenene. Ngokutsho kwakhe, hryvnia ukuya dollar wayefanele ne umlinganiselo 1:17.

Kutheni iingcali zithi malunga ukuncitshiswa ngakumbi hryvnia iindleko?

abezoqoqosho abaninzi bathi siqinisekile ukuba kwixa elizayo, lo hryvnia kuya kuqhubeka ukuze bawe. Lo mkhuba inxulumene ngqo ngamajoni empumalanga. Kwaye nkqu apha ukugcina lo mfo ezabe ukulwela lizwe, ehlise imali evela mali. Unobangela isenzeko amanga neqiniso ukuba iziganeko kulo nyaka udlulileyo ziye zakhokelela ukuvalwa eziliqela amashishini empumalanga. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi preliminary, ukuba ukho kweli lizwe buzinze malunga 15-25% bamaqela ngamaqela ngaphambili wabumba amandla kumazwe karhulumente. Ukuvalwa kubo kwakhokelela ekuthotyweni kwesixa exchange angaphandle kwelo lizwe.

Kufuneka ke ukuba ise kwimpuma kwindawo enkulu ombhaxa eli lizwe, nto leyo ngaphambili wenza njengoko abathengi esebenzayo. Nangona ukuzinza yohlengahlengiso lwentlawulo, umthamo wempahla bawa kunye ngamandla nokuthengwa yabemi. Lo mkhuba ngoxa imeko empumalanga akayi kutshintsha indlela yalo hryvnia Ukrainian, nemiba apho kwiminyaka yakutshanje obalatha ukulungiswa bokwexeshana kufutshane elizayo kuya kuqhubeka ukuze bawe. Musa ukulibala ukuba le yenye kuphela nesimo kunokwenzeka.

Kokuwa hryvnia ngokunxulumene iziganeko kwimarike zemali

Ezisasazwa umhlaziyi, ucinga umbuzo ngoko kuya kwenzeka kunye hryvnia kulo nyaka, nto leyo ibonisa ukuwa kwayo phambili kunye ukwehla ngenxa neenguqu ezinkulu kwi Ukrainian kwiimalike zemali. Njengoko zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze ukwehla ingqalelo ukurhoxiswa kakhulu kutyalo-mali evela kurhulumente, leyo 90% abantu anxulumene abantu eyayikade amandla. Nencindi mali kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni xi kule khosi.

Yayikukuphuphuma eyinkunzi ezisuka kwiibhanki iguqulwe ibe zeedola

hryvnia Ukrainian, ixabiso lazo elo ke phezu Kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo bawa kakhulu iya kuqhubeka ukuhla ngenxa yokungathembani lwecandelo zemali. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo ulawulo wethutyana yaziswa iibhanki-30 kweli lizwe. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi zokuqala, neembila efanayo esongela ukuba amaziko ezemali ubuncinane 30. Abantu, ukufumana izandla zakho phezu mali inshorensi idipozithi kwi uluhlu amawaka 200 hryvnia, kwangoko utshintshe lwemali kudala imfuno kuphela, Nokubengezelisa dollar ukuba ukwenyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngokusekelwe ukwesaba ezikhoyo eluntwini, nokwakha abantu bezama ukusindisa imali yabo, abahlalutyi bathi hryvnia Ukrainian ziya buthathaka kuphela.

uqikelelo Bold labahlalutyi noqoqsho

Uzama ukufumana impendulo yombuzo ngoko kuya kwenzeka kunye hryvnia ngo-2015, iingcali neziziba kwinqanaba 40-50 hryvnia dollar ngalinye. Oku elothusayo ezininzi ezizayo olubangelwa ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokwezavenge ngamazwe ukuze ekukhuliseni uqoqosho okanye wemvula loovimba zegolide, njengokuba namaqabane zoncedo angaphandle ngenkankulu lugubungela ityala lwangaphandle ye Ukraine.

Cinga ngeemeko ezimbi kwaye yenza into yokuba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, i-National Bank rhoqo uvelisa mboleko, imali leyo sele ifikelele billion 1 hryvnia. Le yinto ekwaziyo ekunyukeni kwamanani imali kweli lizwe, ukunyuka unikezelo kwi emarikeni, ngokufanelekileyo, ukuhla kwexabiso unit malini. Uyakwazi ukuthetha yokothuka, malunga intengiso phantse epheleleyo igolide kunye lwemali oovimba imfazwe ukuba musa ukuvumela ukwenza iingqikelelo nethemba wezazi.

Yintoni na le ziingcali iindaba?

Ulwazi lwemidiya kuphindwe kaninzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba imeko imbi kuba iziganeko ziya kuba lowo apho hryvnia ukuya idola kuzakutelekisa umlinganiselo ka 1:25. Ukuba sicinga into yokuba sele luye lwaqhutywa, singathetha nisebenzela umbhalo kwi kwimarike lwemali abamnyama kule khosi. Iingcali ezininzi isiphakamiso ukuba nikhawuleze ukugxininisa amathuba aphezulu ukwenzeka lo mkhuba. Le meko kuqwalaselwa ngendlela ezimbi xa IMF nokwala ukunika amanqaku. Okwangoku, kuba imithombo yangaphandle imali ithuba kuphela lizwe ukuvala iimfuno zikarhulumente kunyaka ozayo. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi lokuqala, ilizwe kufuneka-25 ukuya kwi-26 ezigidi zeerandi yenkxaso eziphathekayo. Iyonke 11-12 billion okwaziyo ukwaba-IMF. Uvela le nyaniso, abezoqoqosho musa ngokuqiniseka indlela buxabise hryvnia Ukrainian kwixa elizayo, njengoko isiphelo sayo ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwizigqibo yeziko zemali yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ucinga ukuba uziva esemoyeni zakha uqikelelo?

Wezulu hryvnia inxulumene ngqo kule imeko, nto leyo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqashwe abasebenzi kweli lizwe ukuba. Ngokusekelwe shades ezimbi imeko mhlawumbi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha malunga ukukhawulezisa elizayo kwamaxabiso kwi-5%. Izinga lokukhula akwazi ukufikelela ithagethi ka-10%. Imalike yabasebenzi iza kuqalisa ngamaxesha obunzima. Kukho amathuba eliphezulu yokukhulisa umhlala-phantsi. Ingeniso Ubuncinane iya kuhlala kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ukuba IMF uya kunika ityala, urhulumente uza kunyanzeleka ukuba ukukhulisa imirhumo yezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Ngokukhethekileyo, nesigxina amandla, amanzi ashushu nabandayo uya kuzisa kane olubiza kakhulu. yokutya amaxabiso kuya kuba kwizimanga zendalo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uqikelelo ahlale iingqikelelo kunye nemeko kweli lizwe ungatshintsha kakhulu emva kokuba ungenelelo yamahlakani zinhanha naliphi na ixesha, abantu musa ukuma ukuba ukuphakuzela uze ukhathazeke.

Indlela ukuze kuphunyezwe ALS kunye izinga 12 hryvnia ngenxa dollar enye?

Komnye iintetho zakhe Ustenko ngokusesikweni wabhengeza ukuba hryvnia, ukuba ishedyuli yazo usandula ngqo ngasemntla, yaye yachukumisa uphawu kweeyunithi 25 1 US dollar ngalinye, unakho buyisela kwixabiso 12 hryvnia dollar ngalinye. Ukuze kufikelelwe kule njongo kuza kufuneka kuphunyezwe iintlobo zezinto eziza kuchaphazela phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Uqikelelo iya kuba ngokwenene ukuba zinciphise izibonelelo zikarhulumente kumvuzo esemthethweni ye abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye ukugawula mali ukudambisa ukuchaphazeleka ishishini lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo eya kukhokelela imbuyekezo yemali ukuya lizwe. Kwangaphambili le meko iya kuba wokwenene ngakumbi, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iindleko nokuseka umbuso angqongqo.

Ingasenza okanye noxabiso weli hryvnia?

Ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2014 kunye nasekuqaleni 2015 kakhulu Ingxelo yesibini, nokwadala umlinganiselo hryvnia kwezinye iimali zehlabathi, yaba okubi, namhlanje luvo kuluntu ziye zatshintsha kakhulu. Ipesenti enkulu sezulu ukuqikelela nokonyuka dollar bema, enethemba ukunciphisa izinga lonaniselwano ngepaseji kuluhlu ka 21.5 ukuya 23.5 hryvnia dollar ngalinye. Le ndlela, apho hryvnia Ukrainian iza kuqhubeka ukuya phezulu, zixhaswa yi kukuba ekupheleni kwekota yokuqala, iinkampani ezininzi kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule irhafu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ekunciphiseni unikezelo imali emarikeni. Ngaphezu koko, enziwe i NBU kunciphisa isixa-mali kwiimarike, ukukhuthaza iibhanki ukuba athengise imali yelinye ilizwe. Thetha uzinzo ngoxa ekuqaleni, kodwa uvavanyo ezintle imeko kuyakhuthaza kakhulu.

Kungenzeka ntoni ekupheleni konyaka?

Ekupheleni kuka-2015 imeko imarike lwemali hryvnia unokuthenga ezintathu fomathi. Njengoko kuphuma elungeleleneyo of capital, kwaye ukuba i-IMF lingapheli ukutyala, ekupheleni ngeranti nyaka uya kuba kumgangatho we-27 ukuya ku-29 hryvnia dollar ngalinye. Ukuba nencindi eyinkunzi evela lizwe uya kulifeza inqanaba ekupheleni kuka-2014, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo ukulungiselela Isalathisi ngo-32-35 hryvnia nganye US dollar. Ngenxa yokwanda nencindi eyinkunzi evela izihlandlo eziliqela yelizwe meko kuyilwa eloyikekayo kakhulu, omnye kuqikellelo enzima kwi-50 hryvnia for dollar enye inokuba yokwenene kakhulu. ukuphelwa lixabiso amaxesha 1-1.5 ezinxulumene umnqweno yabemi ukuguqula imali yabo ibe dollar kanye nokufihla nabo phantsi komqamelo wakhe. Umlinganiselo of "hryvnia nxamnye engange," namhlanje kubaluleke kangaka, ngenxa yokuba eRashiya, ezifana Ukraine, uhamba ngamaxesha anzima.

UPawulos, okanye ube nemvo nokuba iingqikelelo ngekamva?

Ngokusekelwe kungentla, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba uhlalutyo meko kweli lizwe zange ukunika abahlalutyi noqoqsho ithuba ndiye kuqubuda umhlahlo enye. Izimvo ezopolitiko kunye neengcali diverge kakhulu. Impendulo umbuzo malunga babalise indlela hryvnia ngokuchasene engange ukuya dollar, euro, akukho ngakumbi ukuba awukwazi ukunika. Oku kubangelwa kozinzo imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nokungakwazi ukuqikelela iintshukumo kunye nezigqibo ze-IMF, nto leyo eyayenzeke ngqo kwi lwemali.

Kakhulu umdla kukuba ngexesha imbono ethetha ukwehla lokuwa hryvnia kunye spring, waqalisa ukuba bomelele. Sithetha ekomelezeni lwemali kazwelonke ngoku phantsi ndlela, kodwa ukuba inyanzelise akukho mntu osondelayo. Le hryvnia, ishedyuli yazo eyayithunyelwe ukuya emantla ukuya ekuqaleni konyaka kwaye kutshanje kuphela liqengqiwe umva ndayeka, isebenze uye omnye amaqela ngalo naliphi na ixesha. Oku igalelo kuzo zombini iimeko zangaphandle ukuba iziganeko zehlabathi ezibalulekileyo neziganeko kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. imeko Complex kwaye ingacaci kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kuzisa malunga notshintsho ngerandi hryvnia.