Yiyiphi indima ingqokelela "Ukutshintsha Iimpawu" kwimbali yokushiywa emhlophe?

Indima edlalwe yi ethi "Iimpawu Ukutshintsha", abahlalutyi zoncwadi kunye mbali bazama uku bana phandle ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. ekupapashweni kwayo kwaba isizathu kuqhekeka yokushiywa Russian lencinibakazi yokuqala.

edition umthe-

Ingqokelela idumileyo yapapashwa ePrague ngowe-1921. Igama layo kubhekiswa kushicilelo efanayo "Iimbalasane", nayo amanani abaziwayo yokushiywa Russian. Aba bantu, owayebaleke kolawulo eSoviet , okanye waphoswa phezu "iphenyane yentanda" eyayingabachasi komsindo iiBolsheviks. Bazama ukuba izimvo zoluntu malunga ndawonye eYurophu.

Nangona kunjalo, lo gama i-World Old uqalisile nje ukuba kude kwimiphumo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Nangona abavela ngezandl 'ezishushu ngoonobumba zaseYurophu, azinampembelelo ngokukhethekileyo yezopolitiko, abazange bakwazi nayo.

Yiyiphi indima ingqokelela "Ukutshintsha Iimpawu 'ngokunxulumene nale meko elimfiliba na intshukumo White? Ababhali waya kulwa abavakalelwa anti-yiSoviet namandla kumanqaku zesayensi zazo yentanda nezopolitiko ezenziwe yobume pro-bolshevist. Eli nyathelo yaba kukutshintsha kwimbali abasabileyo Russian kwi West.

iincwadi pro-Soviet

Indima edlalwe yi ethi "Iimpawu Ukutshintsha", zibonakala lula yi nopapasho lwesigqibo kamva yokusabela ukusuka eMoscow. Kukho isigqibo ukuthatha ithuba lokuveza iqela zabo - .. Monarchists, Republican, njl collection nangoko yapapashwa eSoviet Union, amawaka eekopi. amaphephandaba-run kaRhulumente agxininise into yokuba nkqu yokushiywa White wagcina abonile ukoyiswa nje kuphela kodwa embi eceleni.

Yiyiphi indima ingqokelela "Ukutshintsha Iimpawu 'ukuba abantu Russian eYurophu obeyithabathe abazimela eParis, ePrague, eBerlin kunye nemizi ubukumkani South nokuxubana? Intshukumo yahlukana. monarchists emithethweni upapasho disaffected of phulo ze le, leyo laqalisa urhulumente waseSoviet, beka lokuzimela mbutho.

implacability

Kungekudala ingcamango ukuba intransigence. Lo mgaqo wayechasa saphakama Smenovekhovtsy kunye vozvraschenchestvu. abalandeli bakhe abachasene naluphi na uhlobo ngentsebenziswano eSoviet Union. Yena ngoko nangoko wazuza kuthandwa phakathi monarchists, abo babebambelele kunye nezinye besiba iimbono kude-ekunene. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho lokusinda elite yonke kobokuqala era tsarist - abalungiseleli, amagosa, etc ...

Le mibutho eziphambili, ukukhuthaza ingcamango intransigence, waba manyano Russian jikelele-mikhosi iCawa Orthodox Russian Kwelinye. Head of EMRO waba odumileyo Jikelele uPyotr Wrangel, ngubani de kutshanje iyalwa kunye Reds ngexesha leMfazwe Civil. Yaba nguye ombambe eCrimea, lo gama angxamisa asuswa emhlophe.

Le mbono Smenovekhovtsy

Lo mbono Smenovekhovtsy ikakhulu zisekelwe kumgaqo wothand'uhlanga. Besive ilizwe zembali lomthonyama, nenze ngokwemithetho kwabalandeli yalo mgaqo yinto kuphela njengokugudisa zonke izinto ezingangqinelaniyo kunye nabasemagunyeni Soviet. Abaninzi Russian wayefuna ngokwenene ukuya ekhaya, yaye musa baqhubeka nobomi babo yalapha eYurophu. Ngoko ke Smenovekhovtsy, kwakunye ingcamango reverse intransigence, ngokukhawuleza Ufumene sabaxhasi. Le nkqubo iya yanda ngo-1920 xa kwaqhambuka imfazwe phakathi Poland kunye karhulumente yiSoviet (ngokusesikweni, i-Union iye asikaqaliswa).

Zininzi bemihlathi abadumileyo ziye zadibana ukuze bayinyuse "Iimpawu Iyatshintsha". Collection zibandakanya izinto ezibhaliweyo Nikolaem Ustryalovym, Sergeem Chahotinym, uYuri Klyuchnikova kunye t. D. Enye sokuqala sale ncwadi ethi "Xa kumzabalazo Russia", epapashwe ngo-1920. Yaba weziqhamo imisebenzi Nikolaya Ustryalova, ngoxa babehlala Harbin - isixeko iphambili yokushiywa Russian kwiMpuma Ekude.

Umzekelo Brusylov

Kwabonakala ingqokelela amanqaku journalistic "Ukutshintsha Iimpawu" wabhenela ngokuqhelekileyo kwiziganeko ePoland. Imfazwe beli lizwe ne-Russia kukhokelele kokuqhambuka aseBrithani ubuzwe aphesheya. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo ungquzulwano iye ibekwe eSoviet Republic njengoko kwasekuqalekeni revolution yehlabathi yobusoshiyali ejoliswe abhukuqe oongxowankulu. Enyanisweni, uLenin ingqalelo eRashiya njengesikhundla kuba ukoyisa behlabathi. Wayenethemba kuba inkxaso sabasebenzi yaseYurophu kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo Kwavela yeHlabathi Endala of amaqela wamaKomanisi.

iingcamango Leftist ye iSoviet ayizange uphazanyiswa ababhali bencwadi ethi "Ukutshintsha zase". Yiyiphi indima ayidlalileyo exemption omzabalazo? Abaninzi kubo beseka eSoviet Union. Ababhali iimpapasho wabongoza abafundi bakhe ukuba ukulibala malunga bengavani kwiBolsheviks ngexesha xa esibondeni yaba isiphelo of Russia ngokwayo.

Umzekelo iphambili yeli phulo ze yaba odumileyo Jikelele Alexei Brusilov. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, wathi omnye Western Front. impumelelo yakhe edumileyo Committe eseGalicia watshabalalisa umkhosi Austria, yaye okunene wenza i Habsburg umhlehlo alawulwe eJamani.

Emva revolutions ezimbini Brusilov (ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinjengele ezininzi tsarist) wahlala ekhaya. Wade walwa kumkhosi eSoviet. Lo mzekelo unezinto ezininzi ngokwengcinga Smenovekhovtsy zaye zasasazeka eYurophu. Ukuvela intshukumo pro-yiSoviet kwindawo elubhacweni uwucandile kwiinkampu ezimbini imfazwe.