Yintoni Chernobyl "UDoug"? incazelo

Yintoni Chernobyl "UDoug?" Zisebenza njani? Ezi kunye nezinye imibuzo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku. Megapolis Chernobyl-2 ise emantla-ntshona kwidolophu encinane Chornobyl Polissya, kodwa nawuphi na kwimephu nezobhalo akukho. Ukuhlalutya imephu, unako ukufumana indawo isixeko umgca oluphahlwe lweendawo ehlathini okanye iimpawu iiplanga kids, kodwa akukho ngokubhekiselele kwizakhiwo yobugcisa okanye ezidolophini. ESoviet Union sakwazi ukufihla i imfihlelo, ngakumbi xa besenza imfazwe.

Duga

Wayephi Chernobyl "UDoug?" Kuphela ukususela ngozi eChernobyl kunye kwawa abantu Soviet bafunda ebusweni ekampini yomkhosi (kwidolophu encinane) emahlathini ka Polesie, leyo othathe "ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni." Kwinkulungwane yokugqibela ngeminyaka wadala iinkqubo radar zomkhosi eyodwa apho kwenzeka ukubukela ukuphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni enomjukujelwa enjalo kunye ezweni lotshaba kunokwenzeka. Baye yasungulwa igama yerada isikhululo esifaneleyo radar (Duga).

Chernobyl "Arc" waba ubukhulu ukufumana eriyali kunye iimasti, kufuneka enkulu oovimba eqela labasebenzi - amajoni malunga 1,000 baqhubeka lesi saziso sayithi. idolophu encinane wadalwa ngenxa emkhosini kunye neentsapho zabo, kunye isitalato elinye igama "Kurchatov isitalato".

Isigqibo ukuvelisa inkqubo kunina radar "UDoug kaThixo inombolo 1" (kufutshane nesixeko eChernobyl) yamkelwa ngokusekelwe izigqibo zikarhulumente ukususela 1972, ngoJanuwari 18, 1975 no-Apreli ku-14.

Sele 1976 yaba unit ubalulekileyo radar imvelaphi inyuselwa Duga eChernobyl-2. umyili Lead Duga e eChernobyl-2 kwaba kudala-lomqolo radio ESRI (NIIDAR). Eyona iphefumlelwe kunye nezimvo uMyili Duga waba Kuz'minskii Franz.

test

Iimvavanyo zokuqala iChernobyl "Dougie" IKomishoni kaRhulumente yenze ngo-1979. Iingcali ziye zaphawula ukuba xa elungiselela uvavanyo, kwafuneka ukuba ukusombulula eziliqela iingxaki zobugcisa ziye zavela ngenxa yokuba kuqaliswe ekhethekileyo ngokupheleleyo,, amava amatsha nanto kwiingxowa zehlabathi.

Ngexesha iimvavanyo zabonwa uqala of imijukujelwa othwala imijukujelwa ballistic ukusuka kwisiza enomjukujelwa US wasempumalanga, kuhlola ngokupheleleyo kwiimodyuli ngokusekelwe ekufumanekeni uqala enxulumene imijukujelwa InterContinental US.

Ngelo xesha linye iziphako uyilo zaye zachongwa, nkqubo leyo iquka ukunqongophala Ubhaqo umgangatho ekujoliswe abangatshatanga kunye neendidi ezincinane zemisebenzi. Ophezulu ezikumgangatho umsebenzi Duga kwaphunyelelwa kuphela kwiimeko imivimbo ezinamandla kotshaba imijukujelwa enjalo kunokwenzeka.

Ngokutsho isigqibo abasemagunyeni ka-1982, ngoMeyi 30, nangona eyendawo ethile esebenzayo, iye bamkelwe yophuhliso kwetyala ngowe-1982 I-Chernobyl Duga.

Ngesi sihlandlo, i bemeko- zakhiwo zaye zanikwa Amandla - Danilov B. M., Vasenev VN Krokunov Yu M., Dubrovskiy N. F., kunye nabanye..

iingxaki

Chernobyl "Doug" - ukuba ifasilithi emangalisayo. Kunye naye kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezinjalo ezimbini ngaphezulu emizini Komsomolsk-on-Amur kunye Nikolaev. Nokuvulwa nokusebenza kofakelo kwakukho iingxaki ezongezelelekileyo. Ndafumanisa ukuba ezinye izinto ezitsho zokusebenza kwezixhobo radar kwadityaniswa ndawonye nesinqanawa okuloba izixhobo kunye wentengo amagunya yaseYurophu. USSR waba unyango officious evela kumazwe asentshona ukuba Useto luchaphazela ukhuseleko zezulu zezithuthi kunye nenkampani eenqanawa.

USSR waya esichengeni kunye nokusetyenziswa wayeka ezitsho ukusebenza. umsebenzi Iinjineli wayezimisele ukuba kupheliswe ezingalunganga ezenziwa radar. Abayili kunye izazinzulu osombulule ngayo, yaye ngowe-1985, emva kokuba izinga, aqalisa ukuba sidlule Gospriomku.

zishiye

Abantu abaninzi bayabuza: eChernobyl "UDoug" - yintoni ebangela le design? Emva wehlelwa 1986 eChernobyl ingozi, Duga isusiwe yokulwa iiwotshi kunye nezixhobo mothballed. abahlali ababulawayo kunye wamajoni asuswa kule ndawo ne radiation.

Xa imfazwe kunye neenkokheli eSoviet waqonda kwisikali intlekele yendalo, kwagqitywa ekubeni (ngo-1987) ukuya ukususa izixhobo kunye neenkqubo enexabiso sixeko sikhulu Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Umzekelo, kwiziko inqabile inika ikhaka imihla lizwe eSoviet uyekile ukusebenza, yaye esi sixeko kunye nezibonelelo zayo ziye kulityalwa ishiywe.

izikhululo nxi

Chernobyl "Doug" - yintoni ngokwenene? "Doug" (5N32) - eSoviet-esibhakabhakeni station radar ukwakhiwa ekufumanekeni yokuqala enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa enjalo, yintoni athi zingentla. Kukho ezinjalo izikhululo ubuncinane ezintathu:

• Ukulinga ezintsonkothileyo "Arc-N" Nikolaeva malunga 47 ° 02'28 "p. w. 32 ° 11'57 "a. d. HG NW yenzelwe umyili oyintloko F. A. Kuzminskim. It wachithwa ngo-2000.
• IChernobyl zone "Arc № 1" (idrafti eChernobyl-2) 51 ° 18'19 "p. w. 30 ° 03 "57" ukuba. d. HG NW ne-51 ° 38 '15 ", p. w. 30 ° 42'10 "ukuba. d. HG NW. Emva yotshintsho iimvavanyo karhulumente akuphumelelanga (iminyaka 1985-1986). Ngowe-1986, 26 Epreli, wayeka ngenxa yengozi eChernobyl. Inxalenye izixhobo uthuthwa Komsomolsk-on-Amur, into eyayithethwa ngasentla.
• Kwidolophana Big yezemithi, kufuphi Komsomolsk-on-Amur 50 ° 53'34 "kunye. w. 136 ° 50'12 "a. d. HG NW ne-50 ° 23'07 "p. w. 137 ° 19'41 "a. d NW HG -. bujolise kuphela reception uphawu. isiseko edlulisa yabekwa ehlabathini Iqondo Lian-2. Isuswe ukulwa elindile 1989, ngoNovemba 14 ngenxa yeenguqu kwemozulu. Namhlanje idilizwe.

design

Kwifoto eChernobyl "UDoug" Kubonakala ngokumangalisayo. Yaba into emfihlekweni ngokupheleleyo ukuya kowe-1980, tracking izinto eziphakamileyo-ephakame kumgama 900 ukuya kuma- 3000 km kule ngingqi circumpolar. Ngoncedo lwe yeqondo eliphezulu kwaye enamandla ngexesha radar, emkhosini ucime, ngengqiqo ngokoqobo ilizwi, ukuba sijonge ngaphaya kolundi.

Ngenxa yezi mpawu, le complex yathiywa igama "Duga 1". Luqulunqwe yi abo balenzayo bavu- kunye nababhekisi phambili: Pin Yefim Kuz'minskii Franz kaEtere Shustov, V. Shamshin V. Vasiukov.

isakhiwo

Vuma, pretty umdla ukufunda inkcazo iChernobyl "Dougie." radar lwakhe isebenzela frequency kuluhlu 5-28 MHz.

Ngomhla zejometri iparameters ngqo Duga kunzima ukuthetha. Ulwazi iincwadi ezikhoyo esidlangalaleni amanqe, kwaye mhlawumbi inokutyhefeka. Eriyali zenziwa kumgaqo ngezigaba uluhlu eriyali. Ekubeni kangaka yefrikhwensi, omnye eriyali ukuze zilala, umthamo yonke yahlulwe kubini, kunye kwimiboniso eriyali ufumene ezimbini:

• High-frequency eriyali eChernobyl "Arc" waba ubude 250 m ne-100 m ubude. Phezu neemephu ubude baso 230 m.
• Elisezantsi frequency-eriyali :. Ubude iimasti 135 ukuya 150 m, ubude - ukusuka 300 ukuya 500 m I Iimephu ubude bayo ngu 460 m.

Ngala parameters, uyilo siyabonakala phantse naphi wocalucalulo kummandla eChernobyl. station Kufuphi lalikhona obliquely ionospheric-buyela "Circle," nto leyo abangabancedani ukuba Duga, nangenxa odala idatha zangoku kwi sicatshulwa kwamaza erediyo, nako ukuhamba phakathi kwabo, lo rhoqo khetha izinga eliphezulu.

Chernobyl "Arc" radar bujolise kuphela ukufumana imiyalezo. iziko losasazo yayimi kufuphi kwilali Rassudovo 60 km ukusuka eChernobyl-2 kufutshane nedolophu (kummandla Chernihiv) Ljubech. eriyali yokudlulisela nazo zenziwe kumgaqo ngezigaba uluhlu-eriyali kunye ube neempawu ezincinane: ukuphakama kwawo wayelingana 85 m B / h, ngokutsho E. Shevchenko, oko itshitshisiwe kunyaka-1988 ..

Zalisa ukuvalwa sixeko lwezibonelelo eChernobyl-2 ngoko nangoko kuthwalelwa phandle; lo msebenzi wamiswa de-1987. Kodwa kungekudala kwacaca ukuba iimeko alienation akunakwenzeka ukuba ukusebenza ummandla. iiyunithi basic Duga baphelelwa ligunya yaye isusiwe.

anika umdla

Ukuphakama iChernobyl "Dougie" eziwela nganye. Ngalo mbandela umboniso I-Russian Woodpecker yenziwa ngo-2015, nto leyo kuba documentary angaphandle film umthendeleko best "Sundance" wawongwa ejaji grand.

Kuba isandi eqhelekileyo kaEtere (iveliswa xa ibibhutyuzwe), "UDoug," baqala ukubiza Russian Woodpecker ( "Woodpecker Russian").

"Woodpecker Russian"

Ngoko ke, sele ukwazi ukuba ukuphakama iChernobyl "Dougie" olugoso. usasazo lokuqala umoya kule nto yaqala ngo-1976, ngomhla we-4 Julayi. Bona zinyhasha emhlabeni mbende lwerediyo MHz-3 ukuya kwi-30. La ababekule ngamakhefu omnye-seshumi owesibini. ubhaliso Yophawu kuthwalelwa phandle izixhobo kuphela ezizodwa waviwa ngendlela transistor elula nje ehlokomayo enkqonkqoza.

Kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini jikelele kwi "Woodpecker Russian" enisa phantsi amawaka izikhalazo ezivela abaqhubi eziqhelekileyo kunomathotholo engahlawulwayo kunye neenkampani. Ekubeni "Arc" wankqonkqoza ezitsho ezibe ziphantsi ukukhuselwa izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ukutyiwa emkhosini, abasemagunyeni US, Canada kunye UK athi eSoviet Union ngonyawo. Kodwa eSoviet Union akazange nokwamkela ukuba, "Woodpecker" khona.

World Association of amateurs radio wazama ukucinezela "Woodpecker Russian" ngokuzama ukusasaza spikes eziziingxande kwenye kwi-frequency efanayo ingumqobo esimibalabala transistor USSR. Noko ke, olu umzamo asiphumelelanga.

Sokuqeshwa "Woodpecker Russian" abantu baqala ukwenza uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, nokuba amagosa aphezulu zodidi ngazo theory ulawulo engqondweni. Enye ingcali ye-Ministry of Defence wathi umqondiso "esimibalabala Russian" ngowona mthombo onamandla radiation magnetic ukuba elikhe adalwe umntu. Wenza ibango ukuba lo mthombo psychoactive, ekubeni liye watts abazizigidi ezingama-40 kunye pulses-10 ngomzuzwana. Wazithanda into yokuba eli amandla yemisebe ukusuka eSoviet Union yaye okusaqhubekayo yonke eUnited States. Shtatovskih Federal Communications Commission uphando olwenziwa ngo-1988 kwaye, ekugqibeleni, bafumana eyona njongo i 'arc'.

isifundo

Ezinye nefuthe umsebenzi "esimibalabala Russian" yi notshintsho lwemozulu neziphumo ezibi kwi ezingqondweni yenkitha ngenkuthalo bafunda arhente zobungqondi Western, nzulu kuphononongwe "arc" njengezixhobo uvavanyo USSR. Ezi yeengcinga Kwasekwa kakuhle, njengoko sele kuhlalutywa ezahlukeneyo nempembelelo enamandla radiation magnetoelectric iminyaka emininzi.

Umzekelo, isazinzulu Tesla ngenkulungwane yokuqala wavavanya ngaphandle ukuthumela umbane, ngenxa apho unikezelo amandla uphazanyiswe kwaye kwenzeka amakhulu imililo ihlathi ngenxa kukho isiphango. In "Spekyula" data uphando phephancwadi ziye zapapashwa fumene ukuba ezinye iziganeko rhoqo magneto zinokusasazwa nge emhlabeni.

Zingene ubuso bawo kwi-engile degrees 30, ukuba nzulu ngamaza emi ifomu umhlaba enziwa ngamaza ekhutshwa yi-core red-eshushu planethi. Ngenxa yokuba oku kuvela izaqhwithi esesibhakabhakeni kunye neenyikima.

Ngokutsho iingxelo, i baseNorway aye waseka isikhululo sikanomathotholo enamandla, radiation magnetoelectric leyo enokwenza ukuba nesenzeko ionosphere nonlinear ethintela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwiindawo "Dougie."

Enye indawo yophando kuye into lwemiqondiso ugqithiso echaphazela psyche yabantu.

bokuqonda

Ukwakhiwa zesikhululo kufuphi iChernobyl isityalo samandla senyukliya ucacisela umxholo wayo onocwangco amandla. Idatha evela kwi "eChernobyl-2" rhoqo shi kwisikhululo umyalelo, ngoxa ukulwa umsebenzi into yinxalenye ngonaphakade ahlale: mnyango eme esebenza imini nobusuku. Ukuquka iingcali kunye nabaphandi.

Kwisayithi kwi ekuqaleni 1990 umlilo Kwathi, ngenxa yokuba yintoni isiseko wayeka umsebenzi wayo kule nenkqubo yokulunkisa kwangethuba.

Iziphumo zokuqala uvavanyo isikhululo eChernobyl kwicala le iindlela ukubetha-esemantla ayiphumelelanga. Ngenxa ubukho incam yezwe, unokumohlwaya ukuphazamiseka ionospheric kunye nezinye iimeko elibi kwimimandla ezibandayo kunye ezimbini amathuba lokubhaqa uqala enomjukujelwa bebubuncinci kakhulu. Kule meko, esiludumbo "Ljubech-1" Buyela kwakhona. On okuyiphatha phandle ekuthiwa-akramnceleyo inkqubo 'polar ". Developers baye babonisa ukuba kubekho nokuyifeza ukusebenza iziphumo zaba neziphumo ezihle.

Hi ndlela leyi, computing le Union 1S31G cipher. Computer K-340A nokuhlawulwa uphawu eveliswa ezinamacandelo ekhethekileyo. izixhobo Transmission elungiselelwe yomatshini-yokwakha zezityalo Dnipropetrovsk, yaye ibe izikhululo zikanomathotholo 26, ubungakanani nganye apho kwakukho indlu ezinemigangatho emibini.

film

Sele ekhankanywe ngentla esenziwa ngayo eChernobyl "UDoug" Doc. film. Ivuso film "Woodpecker Russian" Eyokuba uphando lwenye indlela yengozi eChernobyl, owenzeka ngo-1986, ngomhla we-26 Apreli. umlawuli lixabiso American Chad Gracia. Ophambili womzobo artist Fedor Aleksandrovich, kuphononongwe inkqubo yiSoviet yileyo, ingqina ukuba le ngozi akuzange ngengozi.

inkcazelo eluncedo kwi filimu eninzi - kakuhle, omnye babuzwe imibuzo ithi ukuba amalungiselelo ingozi eChernobyl ababeyiswele evela inqwaba abasebenzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.