Forms of bonsai. Ukukhulisa bonsai ekhaya

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba bonsai - ukuba uhlobo lwezityalo lomthi ezincinanana ukuba ikhule ezimbizeni eqhelekileyo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba bonsai - nto ifomu lobugcisa, okanye bejonge bulumko Eastern, nto leyo a imithi encinane waseJapan njengoko zongeza. Enyanisweni bonsai - ngokwenene ukuba imithi ezincinane, leyo ikopi lichaneke izalamane zabo ezinde. Get - akuba buqondwe zonke iinkcukacha ngohlobo oluthile lobugcisa, yaye iminyaka igcinwe ngempumelelo kwikhaya lakhe - kuphela ukuqonda zonke ubuqili bulumko Mpuma ngokusekelwe ngento, nokwazisa Eyokuqiqa. Ngaphambili, umthi Japanese ekhethekileyo ilingane igumbi intyatyambo eqhelekileyo ingabonwa kuphela kwimiboniso. Ngoku bonsai yathandeka kakhulu kwaye lwavakala kulo lonke ihlabathi. AmaRashiya amaninzi nabo baqalisa ekufundeni ubuchule kulinywe yayo. Kuyinto elula kuphela xa efika kuqala, kodwa athwala ezininzi iimfihlakalo neempawu.

Isiqalo

Ukuba ngokuqinileyo isigqibo ukuba umthi omncinane ngembiza oyifunayo, nanku umbuzo, njani ukuba kuyo. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi, unako ukuthenga bonsai shop esele zenziwe. Ngoko ke ixesha lobomi bakhe kwigumbi iya kuxhomekeka ulwazi nokugcina imithetho ukhathalelo. Kodwa amarhamente emininzi inkcubeko Eastern ngokuqinisekileyo uya unqwenela ukukhula sekhaphetshu zabo exotic ukusuka ekuqaleni. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo bonsai, kuxhomekeke uhlobo lwesityalo oluya ukuguqula ibe yingqakumbana. Umviwa abe phantse yonke imithi yomyezo okanye ukusuka kumahlathi elikufutshane. bonsai art iye umbulelo edumileyo eJapan, kodwa wazalwa China ngexesha Tang Dynasty, xa omnye abalawuli walo ukudala uguqulelo elincinane yombuso. Kwaye ngoko ke enyuka clever Chinese yamandulo ukwenza imithi eziqhelekileyo ayafana, kwanciphisa kuphela phindene kalishumi. Bathi igama ubuchule zezolimo omtsha "kulinywa kwi itreyi" okanye bonsai. Ngenxa yoko, ezilandelayo iindlela ezithile, nenomlanga unako ukuguqula nasiphi na isityalo. Kodwa practice, impumelelo kudla iphuma imithi nako ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zempilo, oko kukuthi, ukuphuhlisa zibe ngumqulu womhlaba omncinane, musa beguliswa utshintsho kwi iimeko zokukhanya zendalo, utshintsho amaqondo zonyaka benika. Ngoko ke, enoba yintoni iintlobo bonsai oyikhethayo, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo iimeko zendalo ubomi izilwanyana zakho sizabalazela kubo kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

ukuba uzifumene phi izinto lokutyala

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ifanele izityalo ezahlukeneyo bonsai ezifana Conifers kunye ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo. Xa ukhetha, kuyimfuneko ukuba banikele ingqalelo ixabiso blade amagqabi. Njengoko isityalo potted na omncinane, kungakuhle ukuba lamina kwendlela yayo ayinkulwanga kakhulu. Kungenjalo, a isiqu encinane nje awunako ukugcina kubo. Imeko yesibini - ukuba iintlobo zezityalo, apho ukudala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo bonsai, awayekade yemfuza ukwenza isithsaba zamafu. Kokuba kuchaziwe ngumviwa, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo, apho umhlaba ikhula bonsai ikamva lakho endle, kunye nobumhlophe nanini na nokufuma. Konke oku kuya kufuneka ukuba ufake kanye indlu embizeni. Nto ithetha ukuba, waphumelela kunye nemithi yeziqhamo, zesitrasi, kunye nemimirtile, maple, rhododendron, ficus kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Yamadori

Kukho nje iintlobo ngeentlobo bonsai, kodwa iiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo zityalwe yayo, hayi kanye mandithi, ukuqala umsebenzi ukulima. Yamadori yeyona ezixhobo elula. lulele yokuba endaweni yawo yemvelo loya nomthi osandul 'ukutyalwa oselula ekunene. Ndimbe ndiwujikeleze kwisangqa, iingcambu kakhulu (ukuba zikhona) ezi thumbanails kunye ndasala ndedwa iinyanga ezintathu. Ngaphezu koko, oko licatshulwa emhlabeni kwaye ibekwe iqhuma ekhethwe intyatyambo imbiza (bonsaynik). isityalo pritenyayut yokulungisa ekhawulezileyo kutshizwa, coca efana lobushushu zendalo.

Toriki

Lo bugcisa nakwiindlela izithole Russian engenamsebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuhlangabezana nemihla zenkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya kuba hardwoods ezinqwenelekayo bomiliselwa kwentwasahlobo kade, kwaye Conifers, phezu koko, ekuqalekeni. Izityalo apho izithole ayavunwa, kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu - iminyaka elishumi. Ukuba uyalandela imithetho lokutyala izinto mnyama bonsai yakho, amnyamekele kwixesha elizayo abusayi ukudana. Izithole kufuneka kunqunyulwa kuphela yezulu welifu, asike okwangoku amahlumelo lukhuni. ubude yabo zinokwahluka, kuxhomekeka kwinani interstices. Kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-amathathu kwaye akunqwenelekile ukuba ibe ngaphezulu kwe ezintlanu. Edge aphezulu likhaba enze tyaba, yaye elibhalwe ngokumileyo ongezantsi, awubeke emanzini, akugubungele ngelaphu elifumileyo. Enye indlela ukwenza Toriki - on wokuthengisa isetyana ngokucophelela isiqwenga ixolo ayikho banzi kwe-2 cm okanye liqatywe isetyana, eyafakwa yaba lilitye. Le ndawo ngokugqithiseleyo ogalelwe Appin swathe sphagnum top polyethylene, wabhinqa balinqabisa kumacala omabini ukuba ayeke lo moya. Kule compress isirinji rhoqo ukufuma ekubonelelwe. Roots isebe kufuneka ubeke iintsuku ezimalunga nama-60.

Miso

Le ndlela ilungele kwabasaqalayo kwaye buphindwe imbewu. Afanelekile maples, mioki, nemimirtile, nomrharnate, yesitrasi. Uyakwazi ingalandwa ukusuka imithi ezikhethiweyo imbewu zeento bonsai ukuba samkelwe ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki. imbewu kuphela ukuba kufuneka ukuba baye kuzo zonke izigaba ezithile ngokwezinga. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi, ungenza ngokuchanileyo ukucatshulwa emthonjeni emhlabeni imbewu sele ziyantshuliswa ukulungele ukubeka ikamva bonsai ngezitya ezilungiselelwe ikhaba.

Classification ngokobungakanani

Kukho iindidi kuphela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa iindlela bonsai nezahlukileyo ubukhulu. Kuyamangalisa ukuba kwihlabathi izityalo ezincinane iye iingxilimbela zayo ezincinane kunye abancinane. Xa Classification International yodwa:

1. Mame. Eli qela iqulathe umthi ubude-20 cm phakathi kwabo .:

-Kesi-tsubu (lilliputians e Lilliput, umphakamo kuphela ukuya ku 2.5 cm).

- aluxhaswanga (ukuya ku 7.5 ukuphakama cm, ezona 8 cm).

-Gafu (20 cm ubude).

2. Sohin. Eli qela iqulathe izithole ubungakanani oluphakathi phakathi amancinci kakhulu kwaye encinane nje. Apha kwakhona, kukho subgroups ezimbini:

-Komono (ukwanda malunga-20 cm).

-Myabi (25 cm).

3. noPetros. Iqela ithatha indawo ephakathi. Kutyalwe kuyo inbox, zikhule 40 cm.

4. Chu. Plants kweli qela - phantse iingxilimbela, ukuphakama imitha kakhu-. nomnye:

-Tyuhin (60 cm).

-Omono (100 cm).

5. Bond ,. umhlaba plant B Lilliput kuba iingxilimbela unako olule ukuya kwi-120 cm kunye nangaphezulu.

Classification umqhele emise

Kubonakala, ngendlela ejonge isithsaba, kukho kwakhona izimbo ezahlukileyo bonsai. Traditional ziquka:

-Tokkan (trunk nkqo, ukuqina isiseko).

-Moogi (isiseko kunye incam likhaba nkqo emhlabeni, ngelixa egosogoso phakathi).

-Sokan (umthi micingeni ezimbini, nganye kwesithsaba saso, ekusekeni elilodwa).

-Syakan (ngaphandle umphanda ubugqwetha, kodwa ezikhula emhlabeni kwi-engile).

-Kengay (imithi zifana ukulila zoqobo, okt, khula zemithi ityekele ngezantsi embizeni, bubonakala ngathi ugeleza).

- Khan Bandar Kangan (uMphanda imithi kuwisa phantsi, kodwa tip usoloko ngokuhambelana nezitya komhlaba kunye nokunabisa amasebe ezizimeleyo zifana izithole).

-Bundzingi (imithi ikhula kumisa komboko, kodwa ubuncinane inani amasebe).

-Sekidzodzyu (kwisitya phezu komhlaba, kukho amatye kunye neengcambu zemithi ngokungathi entwine).

-Isitsuki (kwisitya ukudala sisincoko yamatye egobile, nezithole ikhula kwiingxondorha zabo).

-Hokidati (umgca uMphanda yezityalo, kunye namasebe zenza nesithsaba sokuhomba ukulenza).

-Ose sizinikela (umthi potted ekhula thile, kungekhona multiple-4, ka ezahlukeneyo ukuphakama kunye nobudala).

-Ikadabuki (oosinga iinkuni, ezifana lwawela phezu komhlaba, amanye amasebe ezikhula phezulu esiqwini).

izimbo okukhethekile

Ukongeza labuna, ukuyifumana lula, xa vutshila bonsai a othambe kakhulu, odinga ikhono enkulu. Zezi:

(Iingcambu y umthi ezikhula ukusuka kwenye amadiza ezininzi apho iyahlangana kunye nezinye) -Netsuranari.

-Fukinagasi (sisincoko entsokothileyo, apho Bonsai ukhula nje obliquely, ukuze amasebe awo amagqabi zilungiswe ngathi umthi lidla ukuba umoya).

-Sakey (kwisitya kudala bexelisa ekoneni wendalo - amahlathi okanye site kwemigodi, kunye nezityalo bonsai le Ukulinganisa yendalo ngaphezulu).

imithetho zokulima

Not nzima kakhulu ukugcina bonsai ekhaya, ukuthatha unonophelo olusekelwe ekugcinweni le mithetho. Kungenjalo abo bacinga ukuba imithi ezincinanana kufuneka kukhula kuphela endlwini njengesixhobo lokubhalela. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukwakhiwa iye phandle i bonsai, yaye sangena endlwini kuphela kuqala ubusika. Ukuba ubusika ayikho kakhulu, bonsai kungashiywa esitratweni, kodwa nezitya kufuneka zifakwe kwisingxobo enkulu ububanzi, incopho cover umaleko oxineneyo moss ukuya kumasebe yemithi.

Kubalulekile ukuba bonsai avuthulukayo ebusika ngokunjalo vivo, baphalaze amagqabi zabo kwabanye ixesha wahlala ukuphumla. Ukuze benze oku, arholwe endaweni epholileyo. Imeko yesithathu zempumelelo - lo ukuthotyelwa ngqo kunye zokukhanya nokufuma. Ukuba bonsai kukhanya ngokwaneleyo zendalo, kuquka ngakumbi isibane, kodwa kwangaxeshanye athathe ingqalelo ubushushu wenze. Ukugcina isiqulatho sokufuma elilelona kunokwenzeka esebenzisa osisidambisi yombane. Ukuba akukho, isidlo amcaba isityalo kufakwa yetreyi, zama ngamatye kunye nesiqingatha-ezaliswe ngamanzi. Umsebenzi olula, kodwa eyona ndlela angabi kukuba ukutshiza isithsaba izityalo.

indiza

Xa izinto lokutyala uzilungiselele - izithole okanye imbewu - i bonsai kufuneka zibekwe endlwini yakhe. I-Japanese kunye nokusetyenziswa Chinese le nezitya eliphantsi neebhekile intyatyambo, legqunyiwe njengeceba okanye ngaphaya kwawo, kodwa sisoloko mngxunya eziliqela. Ukuba azikho yakuhlamba umhlaba, egubungele umngxuma neqhekeza ithayile. Imilo bembiza kunokuba na. Umhlaba ngokuba bonsai ngaphakathi kungcono ukuthatha ngendlela efanayo naleyo yakhe yesitalato ngentlawulelo. Ezinye amagcisa amalungiselelo ngokwahlukeneyo. Recipes e bonke. Nazi ezivame kakhulu:

-mixture of bayalingana ngodongwe, igrabile, wamatye, uthuli amatye okanye isanti;

-glina, wamatye isanti kwi ngawona (3: 5: 2);

wamatye -glina, uhlalutye (1: 5: 3);

umhlaba -listovaya, coke, isanti, amaxolo, umhlaba mlilo.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, umhlaba kufuneka kube lula ukuba kudlule amanzi nokuthintela ukuba oku kukhula. Ukongeza, iingcibi abanamava bayacetyiswa ukuba iintsholongwane phambi kokutyala embizeni kunye nomhlaba. imbewu wakubo yafakwa emhlabeni, zigqunywe ngeglasi, ixesha lonke ukuntshula wahlala lobushushu olufudumeleyo kunye nokufuma ngomlinganiselo. LwamaJuda zaze 2-4 sishiya iqonga izithole emanzini. Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo iingcambu, umsebenzi op kufuneka izihlandlo eziliqela kwenziwa. Izithole kunye izithole Etyelwe kumhlaba enye imbewu. Kuba ningazicenti engcono lwenkohlakalo kuthungwa ngayo alumuniyam eliqinileyo.

ukufakelwa

Growing bonsai akunakwenzeka ngaphandle tshintsho, ekufuneka yenziwe yonke, ubuninzi kwiminyaka emibini ezintathu phambi flow incindi. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kwaye ingcambu okusolwayo ukubola. Phambi kuhlwayelwe isityalo iintsuku ezimbalwa zishiywa yokunkcenkceshela. Evela kwimbiza lwancothulwa ngemela. Ekubeni iingcambu ngobunono ekucoceni umhlaba, iingcambu zonke iingcambu ukrokrela kwaye zinkulu zisusiwe. Magciwane embizeni, zalisa isibini ngeesentimitha eziyi-umhlaba omtsha wemka emva kokuba uwashiye iingcambu qinisa intonga ngomthi, ndiwutwabulule phezu komhlaba alekwe emhlabeni, ubunjwe ze zasela. Yezityalo ukulungisa wire, atyhale kungena emngxunyeni idreyini.

Bonsai (yezityalo): indlela yokukhathalela

Umxholo imithi ezincinane azikho nzima kakhulu. Kufuneka ukuba ubunamanzi rhoqo hayi amanzi abandayo, qinisekisa ukuba umhlaba embizeni alihlali ezomileyo okanye kakhulu phezu-xa belele. Ngexesha ukuphumla izityalo wankcenkcesha ngaphantsi njalo phakathi xesha ikhula rhoqo. bonsai ukutyebisa inkcitho ezifunekayo. Yenza ukusuka ekuqaleni sexesha lokukhula veki nganye, esongeza sapropel okanye urea. Unako ukusebenzisa nezichumiso ngohlobo granules okanye izisombululo. Izichumisi eziqulathe nitrogen kakhulu isetyenziswa emva yomtshangatshangiso ukukhula yokuqala. Xa kuqala lokondla ixesha dormancy uvinjwa. bonsai Coniferous ebusika nje ukutya. Kwakheke abagulayo kunye nezityalo ezitsha zilinywe akakwazi.

ekumisweni bonsai

Indlela yokwenza umthi yesiqhelo engaqhelekanga - kulo mhlawumbi umbuzo ophambili. Technology apha eyahlukileyo. Xa imeko yethu entle kakuhle, nkqu kwabasaqalayo maple bonsai. Khetha uhlobo ofunekayo, yimithetho ndatyala iimbewu jikelele okanye izithole, kunyaka wokuqala isityalo ukunika ukuze bomelele. Kwixesha elizayo, ukutshintsha imbonakalo wompu, ngobunono izibhija nge othambileyo (sobhedu okanye aluminiyamu) ucingo. Kodwa maples akusoloko nemiphumela. Amaninzi akha nokuthenwa. Ukumisa ukukhula phezulu, oko ukususa amahlumelo amatsha rhoqo. In enkulu kangangoko nengenzulu kwipleyiti maple lwegqabi. Ukunciphisa oko, ngeenxa ehlotyeni amagqabi acocekileyo ikhule, eshiya petiole. Tree ngeli xesha bafudukela indawo mnyama. Ukuze ukhule bonsai maple iluhlaza, xa lokucheba kunokwenzeka ukuba libe ngamalungu Wasolula kakhulu umphanda (yokugubungela inxeba kubola), susa amasebe skeletal, Namagatya prischipnut. Ukwenza le ukuthambeka buti okanye kukugotywa, ngako oko kwixesha lokukhula esebenzayo Unga bophelela sinker okanye kamnandi bent kwicala ekunene ukulungisa ucingo lobhedu ngokubeka phantsi laphu. Ungasebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ukuze kufikelelwe ububanzi wacela buti. Kwezinye izityalo spliced iziqu abaselula, ohlisa ecaleni kwenye kunye nimanyane kunye. Kuba maple, le ndlela yeyona nto elungileyo kakhulu. Ububanzi buti kule meko ibangelwa akhronimi.