Yintoni baziphatha kwaye yintoni na isikhundla salo ncwadi namhlanje?

Ukuphakamisa umbuzo yintoni na ngokuziphatha, kufuneka benze ukufunda imbali ukuvela kwenkcazelo. Kwaye lo mbono wazalelwa eFransi, kwaye inguqulelo yamazwi akhe 'ukwehla "yaye" yokubola ". Ukumba enzulu, sinokufumana ingcambu yeli gama ukonyulwa yesiLatini ekuweni. Ngoko ke ukuba loo decadence? Ngubani na apho uwe aze abole? Kwaye ngokubanzi, ngokuphathelele lo mba kufuneka ingasetyenziswa kubani okanye yintoni?

Kubonakala ukuba kuziphatha - a trend zobuciko. Maxa wambi igama elithi kuthiwa ukuziphatha komntu, ogama iimbono zivumelana baziphatha. Kwakukho kule ndawo ekuqa- phakathi kwe-19 neyama-20, xa oluye zembali yobomi zentlalo kwenza abantu creative uhlaziye kwizikhundla zabo zobugcisa. Kweli xesha iziganeko zentlalo lobunzima mood waseKorinte baqalisa abhadule phakathi kwabantu, ubomi ukulahlwa jikelele, lo mkhwa exabisekileyo kunye ingqiqo lithemba kunye nathemba. Art njengoko wafumana Chicken kokukhatywa uluntu zezopolitiko yoluntu, ecinga ukuba le ndawo - kuphela oyinyaniso, sinikela inkululeko yokudala yokwenene. Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo ukuba ukungakwazi kuziphatha ezinjalo, yaye nathi kugqithisa, kwaye impendulo: ukuhamba abakuso, eli ligatya vangama nkqubo kunye nobumi emsebenzini wakhe.

Ngoko, ke, bamele waseKorinte? sezihloko kweli cala art - ukufa kunye zisabonakala, nilangazelela ukuba iinjongo kunye zokomoya, iphupha lekamva eliqaqambileyo yeyona ndlela leyinene. Le meko iye yaphuhliswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Ayikhange wasinda kunye noncwadi. Yintoni decadence kwiincwadi?

abahlalutyi abaninzi, ucinga oku, sebenzisa amagama afana "neo-romanticism", yaye "umqondiso" 'mihla'. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba bonke bephela na linokusikhanyisela ngokupheleleyo kuziphatha, njengoko ngokufuthi kuphela yinxalenye yentlangano lulonke. Kukholelwa ukuba kuziphatha kwiincwadi ebuyela ngenkulungwane ye-18, nto leyo ekuthiwa umseki uMontesquieu kunye nexesha elikufutshane le continuer - umbhali kunye ekugxekeni French Desiree Nizarda.

Noko ke, abahlalutyi abaninzi akazange ayithande uncwadi olu hlobo, yaye phantse wenza igama elithi "baziphatha" kusisithuko, baiting Viktora Gyugo kunye Romanticism ngokubanzi. Noko ke, ixesha lubonise ukuba umsebenzi njengoko Hugo kunye umlandeli esixubusha ulwalathiso Edgar Allan Poe, kusekho ngokuzimisela ileswa ngabantu mihla. Not yandilibala kunye Sharl Bodler kunye Teofil Gote, owenza lamagama elingonanga gama lisetyenziswa njengophawu uzuko.

Bona ingqalelo kuziphatha kuphika "inkqubela banal." Phakathi "isizukulwana omdala 'Russian waseKorinte (1880 -. 1890 gg) Ngaba iimbongi ezaziwayo-kakuhle yaye ababhali ezifana Dobrolyubov, F. Sologub, uKonstantin Balmont, I. Konevskaya, Zinaida Gippius, D. Merezhkovsky kunye" kusasa "Bruce. Modern eRussia nabo emelwe predsimvolist M. Minsky, umbhali LN Andreev, I. F. Annensky.

Kamva baziphatha iingcamango wabeka isiseko kwezinye izinto ezininzi owayephila kwiincwadi. Bona ziboniswe Blok kunye Anna Akhmatova, e Bryusov kunye Kandinsky, ukususela Igor Stravinsky kunye nabanye abaninzi, ngoku ebizwa ezaziwa iincwadi Russian.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu iqala ngexesha umjikelo elitsha elityebileyo. KweyoMdumba kulo nyaka uphelileyo kwewaka edlulileyo Maroussia klimova (umbhali) kunye Timur Novikov (umzobi) wachitha baziphatha umthendeleko ebizwa "The Dark Night". Eso yaba sisiqalo nje. Ngo-1005 i-Club kwi Brest e Moscow kwakhona wegqitha umthendeleko phantsi kolwalathiso senkokeli "Boston Tea Party" intatheli Vladimir Preobrazhensky. Namhlanje decadence zoncwadi ababezahlule ayiveli, ukusuka Gothic kunye Retro iisayithi-, Internet virtual ecacisa ababukeli bayo. kungekudala "baziphatha Courtly" kwihlabathi mihla iya kufikelela ukuthandwa decadence kwixesha wempumelelo yayo kakhulu - kwiinkulungwane ekupheleni 18 nasekuqaleni 19.