Murad Adji: elidlulileyo kulityalwa i lohlanga Kipchak

inzululwazi yanamhlanje ayikwazi ukuqhayisa inani elikhulu oososayensi abaya nxamnye imihla zembali ezaziwayo-kakuhle izibakala. Omnye wabo - Murad Adzhi - hayi bengasenabuganga kuphela ukwenza ukufuduka, kodwa zaye zasasazeka kakhulu kule nkalo. imfundiso yakhe ekufuduselweni kwabo Kipchak Turks wabangela livakale ngokubanzi ekuhlaleni historians readers eziqhelekileyo zenzululwazi. Ngaloo ndlela wazuza abahlobo kunye nomona. Yayingubani Murad Adzhi?

Biography nokuphila obugcisa

Murad Adji - owayesaziwa Mourad Adzhieva Eskenderovicha, kumykskogo umbhali-mbali. Wazalelwa eMoscow ngoDisemba 9, 1944. A iziqu Faculty of Geography, eMoscow State University ngowe-1969. Emva koko, ngenxa yokuba ukhetho kukhuphiswano ndafumana umsebenzi Finance and Economics Institute kwiSebe Geography. Ukongeza engundoqo, oko uvumo intatheli yenzululwazi kunye ngumsasazi.

Ngowe-1989 wayeka kwisebe ukusebenza kweli phephancwadi "Ehlabathini Lonke". Kuye babenze Photography nokubhala izincoko malunga iintlanga ezincinane lokuqonda indlela yakhe elizayo ngumbhali. Murad waqalisa ukuhlola imbali Kumyks. Uthotho zezincoko yenza isiseko ethi "Thina - uhlobo Polovtsian", eyapapashwa ngo-1992 kwaye kwakhokelela ukugxothwa yombhali isihloko. Okwangoku, yena umbhali abazisebenzelayo.

Xa wonke umsebenzi wengcibi yokuluka waba yimbangi amaphepha malunga 400 kunye neencwadi 30 nenzululwazi ethandwayo, kuquka imisebenzi kubantu abatsha kunye nabantwana, epapashwe ngeelwimi Russian kunye IsiNgesi. Enye yezona zinto zale ncwadi ku Murada Adzhi "eSiberia: ngenkulungwane XX", waye kuluhlu lweencwadi balelwa CPSU.

Hypothesis ngemvelaphi baseTurkey

Ngokutsho umbhali, kwi I kwiwaka BC Iqale Ukufuduka Enkulu, eyathatha malunga-10 eminyaka. Central Asia wakhonza njengomthombo (okanye zeAltai Ancient). Northern India, Indochina, kuMbindi and Near East, naseYurophu waqalisa ugcwale amaTurk, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni geographical nenkcubeko ukwandiswa wazo kumaXesha Aphakathi.

Murad Adji wathi Turks iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ukuba bamele babe liphela: iipatheni izivatho kwi imveliso, oonobumba, inkqubo ukubhala kunye inkolelo yokuba kukho uthixo enye Tengri. Ngokutsho umbhali, ukuba igama umakhi, nto leyo yaba umlinganiswa zonqulo, iye yaba ibinzana simanyene izizwe zamaTurkic abathetha xa iyonke. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abafowunelwa zabanye abantu baseTurkey kukhokelele ekuyilweni okanye uhlaziyo obuBhuda, zorooastrizma, ubuYuda, Christianity and Islam. Ngokutsho lo mbono, ulwimi yamandulo zamaTurkic yaba medium of unxibelelwano phakathi abameli ezi cawa waza wenza ezingcwele.

History of the Turks

Ukusuka hypothesis kucacile ukuba ngumbhali phantsi mbumbulu ka Murad Adji imbali baseTurkey - mxholo yomsebenzi, ngokwenene nangenyaniso ihamba nge yonke lomsebenzi lombhali. Uphononongo yokuqala thaca kule ngxelo umzekelo ethnogenesis abantu Kumyk kule simpoziyam "uMthetho kunye nobuhlanga" ngefomathi amazwe. Kweli phepha umbhali ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha kwindawo ahlala kuyo, iyunithi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kunye nezenkcubeko baseTurkey amandulo.

Ngokutsho hypothesis yombhali, Dasht-i-Kipchak ahlala loo mmandla ukusuka Lake izimvu kwaye Atlantic, kuquka eRashiya yanamhlanje, yaye yaba sisandulela weRashiya kunye abantu zamaTurkic abathetha (Balkars, Kumyks, Karachai, njl) - inzala ka baseTurkey amandulo. imfundiso yakhe esimi kunye maxesha ombhali nokuhlaliswa elichazwe kwincwadi "Thina - uhlobo Polovtsian" ". nguMhlonyane intsimi Polovtsian" yaye

Le ncwadi elandelayo "Ukungaziwa St. George, okanye wanikela Tengri: Ukususela ilifa lokomoya baseTurkey," ubalisa ibali ukuyilwa ubuKristu ngokusekelwe Tengrianism - inkolo babethi yi Kipchaks (Turks yamandulo). Umxholo Ukufuduka Great usaqhubeka ngendlela amanye imisebenzi Murada Adzhi. A indawo ekhethekileyo nekuhlala ethi "Breath iArmagedon" - imbali abaseAfrika Albania neemfazwe aqala ngenkulungwane ye-16 nokuba indawo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

About the Kazakhs

ufuna esineengcambu kwabantu kumykskogo umbhali yophononongo Wamsa Kazakhstan. Ubhala Murad Adzhi malunga Kazakhs? Umbhali ukholelwa ukuba aba bantu - inzala ka Kipchak Turks abo kwanyanzeleka ukuba silibale ngayo elidlulileyo kwaye anikwe igama elitsha. Oku kuthetha ukuba Kazakhstan i Dasht-i-Kipchak - eli lizwe, leyo impucuko ephuhliswe kakhulu. It Kipchaks kokusungulwa indlela kunyityilikiswa kunye nokudalwa izixhobo ezifana ikhuba, kibitka, yezitena eziko. Ezi izinto ziye zaphucuka ubomi Kipchak (baseTurkey) kwaye kwakhokelela kwenye indawo ukuya eIndiya, North Afrika, i-Near kunye noMbindi Mpuma, yaye emva koko eYurophu.

De kwaba yinkulungwane ye-16 abemi kula mazwe babethetha ngolwimi yamandulo abazibiza Tengriism. Ngokutsho Murada Adzhi, ongumRoma, baseByzantium, impucuko yaseTshayina Persian ziye exhomekeke Turks and kuhlawulwa irhafu ukuya Kipchaks. State Dasht-i-Kipchak waze ngenkulungwane ye-17, lo gama uPetros ayikhange iphumelele ilizwe Cossacks ezingenabantu.

imisebenzi Ezikhethiweyo Murada Adzhi

Murad Adji, ogama imisebenzi achukumisa iirivyu elingumxube zombini mbali kunye readers eziqhelekileyo, ukholelwa ukuba agxothwe phephancwadi kwakhokelela ekuzalweni lombhali simahla wavumela ukuba sijonge isifundo eTurkey-Kipchak. Iimbono wabachazela kule misebenzi ilandelayo:

• "Intsimi Artemisia Polovetsky";
• "Ukungaziwa St. George, okanye banikela Tengri";
• "EYurophu, baseTurkey, emathafeni Enkulu";
• "Kipchaks";
• "Turks and ihlabathi: ibali ifihliwe.

Ababhali-mbali kunye nabafundi olufumana kule misebenzi ukuphikisana abaninzi imihla eyaziwayo kunye izibakala, kodwa Murad ucacisa oku ukungangqinelani yi kukuba phakathi kwamaGrike namaRoma kwakukho iyelenqe nxamnye Turks, ngoko, amaxwebhu zembali baye babhala.

Murad Adji: nokubuyekezwa iincwadi

Iincwadi Murada Adzhi kutsale umdla omkhulu kokubini eRashiya kumazwe zamaTurkic-abathetha. Asikwazi sithi ukuba nemibono HIV, njengoko mbali cinga pseudoscientific umsebenzi wakhe, ngokuba kungekho isiseko ubuhlakani kunye nesiseko yenzululwazi womelele. Kodwa ke, nangona ukuhlaselwa-mbali, ukusebenza Murada Adzhi kwiiyunivesithi ezithile Russian ifakiwe Izintlu zeencwadi ezicetyiswayo, yaye izazinzulu of amakhono ezahlukeneyo ukhankanye imisebenzi yakhe kumsebenzi wabo wophando.

Nangona hypothesis ye kwesinye ye baseTurkey asibhidlanga, i Aji ithathwa omnye wabaphakamisa abantu abaye baba negalelo imbali besekhaya. Ukongeza, i-Baku Slavic University, wavuma ethi "ifildi Polovtsian nguMhlonyane" umsebenzi kakuhle imbali Turkish, uncwadi kunye nolwimi.