Yabemi Orsk: labemi, ingqesho kunye ingakumbi

Orsk kwisixeko samandulo Russian ine ngembali umdla. Kwezi ndawo siye njalo baphila ukhaliphe, nzima ukusebenza kunye nabantu ngoxolo. Kuyo yonke imbali yabantu wesixeko yabemi Orsk wakhula, kodwa namhlanje le meko itshintshe. Zama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na iimpawu abemi beli yokuhlala, benza ntoni kwaye baphila ngayo.

indawo okuyo

Ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, ka-Europe kunye Asia, kwi Urals ekumazantsi, kwakukho idolophu Orsk. Le sise ekudibaneni umlambo Ori umlambo phambene. Inani labemi of Orsk ahlala phezu kweendonga zombini Urals - yaseYurophu kunye Asia. Kwiindawo ezikufutshane imilambo iphawulwe flat sezwe. Yaye ke inxenye ukuba libekwe phezu kwithambeka elingasempuma inxalenye esemazantsi phambene Mountains, longanyelwe onduli sezwe. indawo Esi sixeko yile 621 square metres. km. Umgama ukuya eMoscow - kancinane ngaphezulu kwe-15 amawaka km .. Kwaye ukuba iziko wengingqi Orenburg - ezimalunga ne-250 km. City elibonelelwe kakuhle amanzi kunye nezithako ezahlukeneyo.

sezulu

Orsk ise kwindawo imozulu kabukhali yezwekazi. Ngoko ke, umzi uphawuleka ezibandayo, side kakhulu ebusika, kwaye eshushu, ehlotyeni rhoqo owomileyo. Umahluko lobushushu phakathi onyaka yenza ukuya degrees 85. Summer ithatha malunga neenyanga ezi-3, ukusuka ekuqaleni kukaJuni ukuya ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ngeli xesha, imvula encinane, iimbalela rhoqo. Iqondo avareji ngoJulayi i degrees 21 Celsius. Winter ithatha ukususela phakathi kuNovemba ukuya kutsho-Epreli. Uqweqwe ikhephu ithatha iintsuku malunga-140 ngonyaka. I-avareji lobushushu ekummandla degrees 12 thabatha ngoJanuwari. Spring awe kwindawo elifutshane. Spring imimoya rhoqo, kukho snowmelt okukhawulezayo, izikhukula kwenzeka.

History of the dolophu

Abemi wokuqala kummandla Orsk mihla uvele lolawulo Paleolithic. Noko ke, amaxwebhu engqina ubukho apha naziphi zokuhlala esisigxina apho. Kwaye kukho kuphela ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala zingqina ukuba apha ngamaxesha kumiwa ngokwezizwe ezahlukeneyo.

Umhla Ukusungulwa ezisemthethweni Orsk ingqalelo ngo-1731, xa yasekwa ngo Orenburg kunye Orsk kamva, inqaba. A esiphambili ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian Ik Kirillov waya hambo, leyo wabeka zokuzifaka apha. Indawo nqaba elula kakhulu: imilambo ababini iindlela ezinkulu zorhwebo, kwaye ivumela induli elungileyo ukuze akhusele isakhiwo. Ngaloo mihla, oko yabanjwa kufutshane nomda mpuma yoBukhosi baseRashiya, kwelinye ngaseludinini lomlambo babehlala izizwe Kazakh, nto leyo maxa wambi baba zazidlala inzuzo kwintsimi Russian.

Okulandelayo entabeni apho wakha inqaba, imayini kwafunyanwa esikrwada yesilivere, kwakunye imali enkulu yamatye, kuquka odumileyo Orsk neyaspisi. Esi sixeko ihlala uhambo, injongo yayo ukufunda ongaphantsi yasekuhlaleni. V. Tatishchev, ngubani gqaba wakhokela hambo, wenza imigudu olukhulu uphuhliso mzi. Xa lakhiwa ibandla somthi esekwe Customs emsebenzini kunye nabarhwebi ukusuka Asia and Kazakhstan. Inani labemi of Orsk ngokubonakalayo ukuhlola ilizwe lasekuhlaleni, iinkomo bayavuswa, benza wokufama. Kwisixeko kubekho abantu abaninzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kuquka amalungu entsapho yasebukhosini.

Ngenkulungwane yama-20, waqala apho nokuphuhlisa ishishini, kodwa ke idabi industrial yokwenene ebudeni Second World War, xa apha babalekiswa amashishini amakhulu orhwebo eziliqela. Emva kwemfazwe, isixeko iye ibuye ibe yidolophu mveliso kumba kwi Urals. Xa postreorganization xesha laqalisa ukuba kuvela iingxaki noloqoqosho okubangelwa kobungxowa shishino. Namhlanje, le meko luyaphucuka kancinci, nangona kwinqanaba yangaphambili kwimveliso nangoku kude.

labantu

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1866 ngo Orsk abemi abamalunga 3 amawaka. Bala yabemi Orsk ngendlela yaqala ngo-1897. Ke babehlala apha-14 amawaka abantu. I yokuqala jump eziphathekayo eyakhayo inani abemi besixeko kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwama-30 ubudala, xa Orsk iqala amashishini wakha amashishini amakhulu mveliso. Ukwanda yesibini ezibalulekileyo yabhalwa kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, xa umsebenzi evacuees amaninzi nokuhlala kwizityalo kuza inani elikhulu iingcali kunye nabasebenzi.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, abemi iSoviet Orsk yenziwa kancinane kodwa ikhula. Unciphisa ukwanda ithatha indawo iminyaka perestroika. Kwaye ngo-1989, nokuba wabhala ombi inani labahlali. Ekubeni 90 emva kwexesha iqala ukuhla labemi Orsk ngonyaka amawaka ezimbalwa. Ekuqaleni kuka-2016 kwisixeko abantu 231.000 baphila. Orsk luthathe indawo 87th kwenani labahlali yonke imizi Russian.

Icandelo lolawulo kusasazeko lwabantu

Eli candelo lolawulo umzi, eyasekwa ngo-2013, uchaza ezintathu: Leninsky, Oktyabrsky kunye Soviet. Nangona bendawo wokubukela yahlula zonke libe zizabelo ezimbini: i-Old and New Town. labantu Orsk uhlala banzi ngokwaneleyo, loxinano ngabantu 409 square kilometre. Hi xikombiso, ku Orenburg, eli nani kabini nje phezulu. abahlali obungalinganiyo iindawo. Ngoko ke, inkokeli oluntu kwisithili Oktyabrsky, kunye nezinye indawo ezimbini malunga lilingane inani zabemi.

uqoqosho lwesixeko

Ukususela kumaxesha yiSoviet, e Orsk aphuhliswe kakuhle urhwebo metallurgical nobunjineli. Isebenzisa isityalo enkulu ukuba ukuhluzwa yobhedu igolide sisimbiwa, kwaye isityalo enkulu ekuveliseni imibhobho. Orsk isekelwe yenye izityalo ezinkulu zobunjineli enzima - ORMETO-YUMZ.

Kwakhona, yabemi Orsk abaqeshwe ngempumelelo kwiinkampani ezininzi mveliso, xa wokuhlola nokusulungekiswa. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha uqoqosho lwesixeko usekelwe kushishino, imigangatho ezingezo-mveliso abahlala malunga ne-48%. Esi sixeko ephuhliswe kakuhle urhwebo sphere inkonzo, nezinika yokuhlala bekhululekile kubemi. Le ngxaki yemali yangoku kusekho nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho Orsk, kubekho ukuhla lwemveliso kumashishini amakhulu aloo mzi, ezikhokelela ingeniso sinciphile kwaye neendlela zokuphila asezantsi Orcia.

umsebenzi

Center Ingqesho (Orsk) liqhuba uhlolo oluqhubekayo imeko ngqesho kulo. Inani olusemthethweni yi 1.4%, nto leyo xa lulonke obekwe kwi-avareji amanani eli lizwe. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba le yakutshanje yokwehla izinga lentswela akubonisi meko. abahlali ngakumbi nangakumbi isixeko musa ukuya istock exchange kufuna umsebenzi, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki kuzibonela mna ngokwam naziphi na amathuba. ukhuselo loluntu bakhona Orsk ithi ukuba umgangatho wokuphila liyehla nokuba ngqesho sesikweni ithatha malunga 3-4% lo mzobo. Iingxaki eziphambili kwicandelo yengqesho kwi Orsk imfuneko ephantsi kakhulu abantu kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi kwabasetyhini, eliqina, kuba lowo abasebenza sixeko phantse apho.

iziseko Orsk

Esi sixeko yokhuseleko kwizithuthi. It wayiphumelela kaloliwe, uqhuba ubume ngamazwe seenqwelo-moya. Umgangatho weendlela Orsk kuye kwaphucula kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona imeko kwemikrozo yeemoto, kwakunye kulo lonke elo lizwe apho. Yabemi Orsk ukunika kakuhle amashishini kunye nemfundo, ezempilo kunye nenkcubeko. Esi sixeko uhlale ukusebenza ikhaya elitsha, ngeli lixa yokuhlala abasakwazi phezulu, nangona umvuzo e Orsk bengaphantsi kakhulu kumyinge wesizwe.

aphuhliswe kakuhle kwicandelo inkcubeko ngokwasemzimbeni kunye ezemidlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa. Infrastructure yesixeko inika abahlali gumbi ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ingxaki engundoqo - imivuzo ephantsi - ayisoloko ukuba abahlali ukuba ukusebenzisa ezi zibonelelo ngokupheleleyo. Centre for inkxaso kwezentlalo yabemi Orsk ithi ukuba ukunyuka kwenani labantu abafuna uncedo ngenxa yokuba iingeniso ziyancipha kunyaka ophelileyo.

Ezona mpawu yabantu yabemi Orsk

Ukuzalwa nokufa rates - zalathisi zimbini zibalulekileyo kwimpilo-ntle nasiphi na isixeko. Orsk, la manani abala- kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuchuma kwi ngaphantsi kwe-avareji lokufa 800 ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukufudukela kwenye inzuzo labantu kunciphisa kancinci ubungqongqo ingxaki, kunyaka bafika abantu 800 nge-avareji, kodwa kukho ukuguga ngokuthe ngcembe yabemi. Abemi ukusebenza of Orsk ngeenxa 59% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke, ukusebenza-ubudala - malunga ne-23% yobudala ukusebenza nangaphantsi - 18%. Inani yokusebenza-ubudala abasetyhini ngaphezu kwamadoda ngo-5000.