Yabemi Alaska, geography, imbali

Alaska ibizwa Kwilizwe Midnight Sun, The Final Frontier, The Great Land. Eyafumana Alaska nendlela yabiza emhlabeni US? Ngubani uhlala endaweni yayo?

Alaska emephini yehlabathi

Alaska ukwakweli ntshona United States kwaye urhulumente inkulu lizwe. Wethu Strait esahlula ukusuka kummandla Russia - Chukotka Peninsula. Xa empumalanga, imida karhulumente kunye eKhanada.

Le meko - i exclave. It siyahlukana abaseleyo umhlaba US waseKhanada. Ukuze ufumane ukusuka Alaska kurhulumente US ekufuphi kuwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba boyise iikhilomitha ezingama-800 yommandla waseKhanada.

Le ndawo iyonke karhulumente - 1.717.854 macala onke. km, kwaye ukuzolula unxweme for km 10.639. Alaska Territory amelwe nomsinga iziqithi ezininzi. Ezi ziquka i Aleutian Islands, Archipelago Alexander, Kodiak Island, Pribyvalova ne St Lawrence.

Alaska Point Barrow nguye kwindawo yomntla eUnited States, yaye Attu Island, nto leyo eyinxalenye Aleutian Islands - kakhulu ntshonalanga.

izimo zemvelo

Alaska kwesifo yi-Pacific Arctic neelwandle, ukudala iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Imimandla zangaphakathi kurhulumente luphawulwa kwemozulu sub-Arctic ebusika obubandayo nehlobo elishushu kakhulu. Kumntla we-Arctic lweMozulu: ebusika kakhulu obubandayo nehlobo epholileyo. Lobushushu ehlotyeni azifane liphuma ngaphezulu zero. On the Pacific unxweme (kumzantsi-mpuma kurhulumente), isimo sezulu ulwandle inobulali, ngezininzi kwemvula.

emathafeni North Alaska wambu, nasezantsi - ngamahlathi zamafu. Kulo mmandla, mlilo ezininzi kunye ezihambayo. Eyona inkulu - Glacier wethu, kunye kummandla ka-5800 square metres. m. mlilo nasentshonalanga ziyinxalenye Alaska Pacific ring umlilo. Mount Shishaldin is on Unimak Island kwaye igqalwa enye mlilo enkulu Alaska.

Imilambo likhulu kurhulumente - naseYukon kunye Kuskokwim. Iyonke e Alaska ingaphezulu kwe-10 amawaka imilambo yaye abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 amachibi. Xa ekumntla karhulumente i-Arctic National Wildlife Ulihlathi, kwaye kumntla-ntshona - ummandla yeoli reserve US.

Ukufunyanwa Alaska

Kukholelwa ukuba okokuqala Alaska yobudoda Dezhnev wafumanisa kwinkulungwane XVII. Kodwa le nyaniso, akukho isiqinisekiso esemthethweni. "St. Gabriyeli" Ngoko ke, ukuvulwa kwiLizwe Great kunganxulunyaniswa iqela le nqanawa. Iqela uhambo, amalungu bawo M. S. Gvozdev, I. Fedorov, di Pavlutsky kunye A. F. Shestakov, lawela kummandla Alaska ngo-1732.

Emva apha kweminyaka 9 bahamba uhambo yesibini kwi ngeenqanawa "St Peter" yaye "St Paul." Iinqanawa elikhokelwa Alexei Chirikov kunye nomhloli odumileyo Vitus wethu.

Ashinyeneyo nkungu yaba sisithintelo elibonakalayo uphando. Ekuqaleni, ezweni Alaska kubonakala ukusuka kwibhodi "St. Paul", kwaba ePrince of Wales Island. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba kukho okuninzi beaver kuhlala iilynx elwandle, uboya, ngelo xesha ingqalelo kakhulu ezixabisekileyo. Oku umfutho siphambili uphuhliso kumazwe amatsha.

ukuthengiswa

Ngowe-1799 wayivula inkampani Russian-American, nto leyo ikhokelwe Alexander Baranov. Iqhubeka esebenzayo wokuzingela beaver noboya (leyo kamva kwakhokelela ekubeni unciphiso kakhulu inani lezilwanyana).

iilali Ngokusekelwe ezintsha kunye namazibuko, izikolo ezivulekileyo kunye nezibhedlele, iCawa Orthodox uphumeza umsebenzi wokufundisa, nto leyo iba into sabantu Alaska. Noko ke, uphuhliso lomhlaba anqongophele ngenxa imveliso uboya kunye nomsebenzi wobuvangeli.

Ukongeza, ubudlelwane ubunzima neBritani, kwaye kufuphi Russian Alaska ku British Columbia wenza yazvimoy lakhe kwimeko impixwano zomkhosi phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Ngoko ke, ngo-1857 owaqalisa lo ingcamango nokuyithengisa eMelika.

Ngo March 1867 e Washington, wasayina isivumelwano ngenxa yokuthengiswa yommandla yezigidi 7.2 zeerandi. Ngo-Oktobha, ukutshintshwa ezisemthethweni zelizwe zathengwa Sitka (ngoko ekuthiwa New iNgelosi).

US Alaska

Kangangethuba elide mazwe ndilufumeneyo zibe phantsi kolawulo lwe-United States kwaye ingakumbi kakuhle zemikhosi yamajoni. Ngo-1896 kukho esitsholo ngokwenene ngegolide, xa River Klondike e Canada, fumana iidipozithi igolide. Kuyinto elula kwintsimi Canadian sasifika nge Alaska, okubangele ukukhula ngokukhawuleza zokuhlala.

Ngowe-1898, negolide yonke eyafumanekayo kufutshane nedolophu Nome kunye nesixeko mihla eFairbanks, Alaska. Gold Rush negalelo kuphuhliso loqoqosho mmandla. Yabemi Alaska ikhule kakhulu. kololiwe ezakhelwe, izimbiwa ngenkuthalo misela.

Le-Great Depression kwinkulungwane XX iye ezichaphazelekayo Alaska. It kwenye indawo abahlali ithi kumntla ekukhuliseni uqoqosho ngingqi. Ngexesha World Second nge Alaska na nokusiwa izixhobo zomkhosi eSoviet Union.

Ngowe-1959, i-Alaska izuza ubume 49th US karhulumente. Kamva apha ukubonisa ebalulekileyo oovimba oyile, ezenza kwakhona iphakamisa lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso.

Inabantu Alaska

Inani abahlali urhulumente abantu abamalunga nabayi-700 000. Eli nani ubeka ngurhulumente inkulu 47th-kweli lizwe. Alaska nengxinano yabemi yi kwanala ungabantu 0.4 square kilometre.

Ukukhula kwenani labantu liphezulu zikarhulumente waphawula emva iidipozithi oyile zisaqala. Ke yabemi Alaska liye landa nge-36%. Esi sixeko sikhulu urhulumente Anchorage, kuhlala abantu abangaphezu kwama-300 000.

Malunga ne-60% yabantu kumhlophe, uluntu zomthonyama malunga ne-15%, Asia zenza malunga 5.5%, intsalela ukuba ezinye iintlanga. Amaqela amakhulu ezizwe abahlala Alaska - amaJamani. akhawunti Irish kunye IsiNgesi kuba yi-10%, kulandele eNorway, isiFrentshi, iScots.

Church Missionary Orthodox Russian alukhange kudlule lilize - ngoku Alaska, malunga nama-70% abemi bangamaKristu. UbuProtestanti ithathwa unqulo yesibini ngobukhulu, nangona yonke Alaska isimo yenkolo okungenani of America.

Alaska Native

Russian, Kakade ke, zithathwa ukuba babe ngoovulindlela, kodwa ukuhlala kummandla abantu baqalisa kudala ngaphambi kokufika nabaphandi. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, eze apha evela eSiberia i Alaskans yokuqala malunga 30,000 eyadlulayo, ngexesha yingqele wethu Strait.

Abantu bokuqala abazibona kwi "Kwilizwe Midnight Sun" kwakukho Tlingit, eAthabascan Haile kunye Athabascan. Bona iminyanya namhlanje American namaNdiya. Zizwe ulwimi lwabo kunye neenkolelo, ikakhulu ukwenza ekulobeni.

Kamva (8 amawaka. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo) ezweni Alaska ngesikhephe izizwe enxulumene Eskimos okanye Inuit. Zizo ezo iintsapho baseAleut, Alutiiq kunye Inupiaq.

Ngenxa ukufunyanwa lwabaphandi Alaska kaThixo Russian ziye ehlabathini abantu bomthonyama nezithethe ukholo lwabo. bendawo abaninzi basebenza Russian. Ngubani na ke omkhulu kunabanye, Alaska eUnited States nepesenti kubemi bomthonyama, kodwa eli nani kancane kancane. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ukulondoloza inkcubeko yabantu bemveli.

isiphelo

Alaska (USA) - rich mmandla ekwisimo ekhethekileyo, kodwa kakhulu. Kukho ezininzi mlilo, ezihambayo, imilambo namachibi. Lelona likarhulumente inkulu US, wahlukana United States Canada. Population Alaska thaca amaqela amaninzi eentlanga kunye nobuzwe. Kukho bahlala inzala bamaNdiya kunye Eskimos, nokuqhubeka izithethe nenkcubeko yabo.