Ngubani na yena - irula Greece yamandulo?

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba Ancient Greece - an sombuso owaziwa kwihlabathi yedemokhrasi. Kodwa kunye nale nkqubo yezopolitiko izame Greece kunye nezinye iintlobo karhulumente. Kwanele ukuba bathi kwiincwadi zakhe, uAristotle, kunye nedemokhrasi (uthi polity wayo), oko kuvumela ukuba ebukhosini kanye neNgonyama. Nakuphi na ukutenxa kule Aristotle ubukhosi ebizwa nguzwilakhe. Kuxhomekeka ngendlela ethile karhulumente owamkelwe mzuzu, umlawuli e Greece yamandulo ukuze amagama ahlukeneyo. Kwimeko nganye, oko kwakuxhomekeke indlela apho ulawulo lizwe wenziwe.

ixesha eKrete-zohlobo

Mhlawumbi yokuqala maxesha bafunda yaMandulo Greece olwalukho yeBronzi Age. izicatshulwa ezikhoyo zibonisa siseko yolawulo monarchical ngaloo mihla. Umlawuli eGrisi yamandulo, yathiywa igama "Wanaka", nto leyo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "nkosi," "Nkosi," "ukumkani." Kunye umlawuli njengowongamileyo, urhulumente (mhlawumbi isigqeba) Kwakwenziwa basileus. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kumaxesha kamva Basileus gama lithetha "ukumkani". Kodwa ekuqaleni impucuko basileus zamaGrike nokuthobela eminye imisebenzi, ezibekile ngakumbi enxulumene nolawulo kunye nemicimbi zomkhosi.

kaHomer esiqaphelekayo

I- Iron Age eGrisi, uhlobo olutsha lwe inkqubo yentlalo-yezopolitiko - imigaqo-nkqubo. Ngeli xesha, uHomer wabhala imisebenzi yakhe emangalisayo - "Iliad" yaye "Odyssey." Ngokusuka kwinkcazelo yakhe kaTrojan War ingafunyanwa ezininzi amagama ababengabalawuli Greece yamandulo. Uluhlu basileus, wayesele wafumana amandla epheleleyo, inkulu ngokwaneleyo. Kunye nookumkani amagama, afana Odysseus, diomedes, Nestor, Achilles, kunye amakhosi ngamagama - Atreus, Labdakidy, neleides kunye nabanye. Bonke abalawuli e Greece yamandulo ingqalelo inzala woothixo. wenza konke oku neNgonyama dynastic kweli lizwe kungenzeki.

oozwilakhe time

Xa Ekuveleni 7-6 kwiinkulungwane th. BC. e. imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi ngamandla ocande ezandleni oozwilakhe. Abanye kubo abantu ngendlela eziqaqambileyo nempumelelo, nto leyo kamva wayeza kubizwa ngokuba 'abalawuli Greece yamandulo. " Amagama Periander, Pisistratus, Kypseli kunye nabanye. Eyona Uphawu ngokuphathelele zonke abalawuli ngelo xesha - le transience kunye elifutshane elide ngamandla. Kombisa malunga oku ngobomi bakazwilakhe anoDiyonisiyo abusa yaseSirakuse. Kwisikhundla sokuba zephephandaba nguzwilakhe wonyulwa ebudeni bemfazwe, kodwa emva kokuba utshaba wanikezela, anoDiyonisiyo laseSirakuse waqhubeka kulawula kude kube sekupheleni kobomi.

archons

Kweli xesha lwentando nkqubo lomzi-ithi abazibandakanya master yolawulo siseko, nabanegunya le Archons. Iguqulwe ukusuka archon Greek - umphathi, intloko, abaziintloko. Elinye igama lokuba ndikwazi ngokwakhe ngumlawuli Greece yamandulo - tag. Umzekelo, eThessaly Yason Fersky kufanele ngokuba tagom ngokwakhe.

Uninzi-nkqubo malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku wobukumkani bakhe, ukuze kuthiwe nokuba yedemokhrasi okanye oligarchic. Umahluko zisala yokuba kuluntu lwentando yesininzi, ilungelo lokuvota bonke abemi simahla, kwi oligarchic - abantu ezibonakalayo kuphela nokuchuma ophezulu. Umzekelo imifanekiso inkokeli kweminquba lwentando waba Pericles. impembelelo wakhe mkhulu kangangokuba hola isiteketiso Wawongwa "demagogue" elithetha "ulawulo phezu kwabantu." Ekubeni ilizwi efumaneke kunakuhlanga elibi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kodwa Pericles bethwele isihloko demagogue legunya intlonelo kakuhle yayibafanele.

Emva kokoyiswa Greece ngu Aleksandrom Makedonskim iinjengele zakhe - uDemetriyo Antigonus - waqalisa bazibiza ookumkani. Kunye ngookumkani baqalisa deify kukuhamba kwexesha, kwaye ke amaRoma belizwe lonke ngumlawuli Greece wamandulo ingqalelo ukumkani, kwaye usenokulosulela namandla njengelifa.