Wenza njani kuqoqosho Latvia

Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR kunye inguqu enkulu kuqoqosho Latvia ixesha elithile ukufukuka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ebhodini. Kwiminyaka emibini senkulungwane - emihlanu ukuya asixhenxe ekhulwini ngonyaka de-2008, xa ezaqala. Ngowe-1990 uqoqosho of Latvia GDP senzeka wamashumi omane ehlabathini, yaye ekupheleni kuka-2007, waba kwindawo yesithathu phakathi kwamazwe eyayisakuba yiSoviet. Ngaphambi kuphela Armenia wayo Azerbaijan.

izibalo

Ngowe-2006, GDP ngamnye kwaba 12.6% ngo-2007 - 10.3%. Ngowe-1992, imali iye yaziswa - le engange Latvian, yaye ukususela 1993 ngokuthe ngcembe indawo lat Latvian. Ukubuyiswa privatisation, ngenxa yoko isabelo ezoqoqosho koshishino Latvia liye kutsho ku-12% (kwaye ngokomlinganiselo wawuyi-30% ngo-1990 ngonyaka) zaqhutywa. Sele-2008, oko kukuthi i-European Union, Latvia waba yinkokheli kwinani amahlwempu - engamashumi amabini anesithandathu ekhulwini wabantu babehlala ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko. Ekugqibeleni ngo-2009, i-GDP kuqoqosho Latvian Uye waba ngoyena okubi phezu Dynamics GDP kwihlabathi.

Ngokubanzi, uphuhliso kumazwe eBaltic ukususela 1992 ukuya ku-2007, ngokuba nempumelelo elinawo utshintsho ukusuka kwinguqu ukukhula kunye nokudalwa kwamaziko orhwebo mihla. Kodwa ngoku izazinzulu ezivela kumacandelo Western kwezoqoqosho bakholisa ukubona nokukhula zililifa intsalela eSoviet - oku xa kuthe aseBalti waba ingakumbi shishino baza izibonelelo kakuhle, kwakunye ukugeleza lwabasebenzi womthamo. uqoqosho Estonia kaThixo, Latvia, Lithuania wavuka kuphela ngenxa inventri amasalela, yaye kuphela kwiminyaka yokuqala embalwa. Ngo-2010, GDP Latvia liqhubeke kuwa okwangoku, kodwa ngo-2011, wavuka ukuya ezintlanu nesiqingatha ekhulwini. Evela eSoviet Union, Latvia iye yaba lilungu le-World Trade Organisation, yaye ngowe-2004 wajoyina European Union. Sebenzisa euro apha yaqala kuphela ngo-2014.

namanye amazwe

uqoqosho Latvia emva EU eqale igcinwa osinde ngokuzithumela. Iimveliso ezibaluleke kakhulu imivalo yesinyithi kunye nesinyithi, oko ngakumbi kancinane ezisibhozo pesenti kwimveliso iyonke, kulandele izixhobo-anesithandathu ekhulwini noomatshini zombane, amane ekhulwini - imithi, ezintathu ezinesiqingatha - yemiqhaphu knitwear, iimveliso namayeza afanelekileyo - amathathu ekhulwini, ngaphantsi kancinane amagqabi on nemithi engqukuva ezibini nesiqingatha ekhulwini - iimveliso iinkuni. Kuthunyelwe ezi mveliso kumazwe angabamelwane eRashiya, Lithuania kunye Estonia, kwakunye abathile eJamani, eSweden kunye Poland. Kwaye naku kufika ukuzifaka Latvia evela kwinani omkhulu kumazwe.

Ngo-2015, ityala olungaphandle Ministry of Economics of Latvia yaba euro 8,569 billion. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, isehla inyuka kancinci kakhulu. A kancinane ngaphambili - ngo-2000 - isabelo isambuku ityala Latvian lwangaphandle yaba ngaphezu amathandathu ekhulwini GDP wayo, kwaye ngo-2007 lenyuka ukuya namashumi amathathu ekhulwini we-GDP yelizwe. Ngo-2009, ityala yaba ngaphezu kwesinye elinamanci asibhozo ekhulwini. Kuthetha ntoni oku? wenza njani kuqoqosho Latvia? Advantageously, njengoko ongenamali.

isakhiwo

Nezingundoqo isakhiwo zamacandelo kuqoqosho Latvia axhamle iinkonzo - phantse asixhenxe ekhulwini GDP, kuvela. Anesihlanu ekhulwini isivuno amahlathi kunye nezolimo, anamanci mabini anesithandathu ekhulwini - mveliso. Phambi ko-2003 (okt phambi kokuba bangene kulo EU), kwemveliso yoshishino e Latvia uyakhula kancinane - malunga emihlanu ekhulwini ngonyaka ngamnye, kwaye nangona uphuhliso, umzekelo, izibonelelo zamandla zelizwe yedwa okungenamsebenzi (Riga mn inombolo 1 usebenzisa umgquba lasekuhlaleni, abanye shishino kufuneka izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada).

Iingcali ziqikelela reserves kwi lokugcinwa kwezinto yeoli koLwandle iBaltic ukuya kumashumi amathathu million tons, hayi kakhulu ukuba imveliso ngempumelelo. Imilambo, kakhulu, ngenxa yobuntu babo tyaba Awunayo i hydro ingozi enkulu. Latvia uvelisa kuphela billion 3.3 kilowatt-iiyure kombane, kubadle 5.2 billion. Mashishini uvelisa 67% kuyo, yaye abanye - kwisikhululo ubushushu apho ufuna ukuthenga amafutha. Umbane kakhulu kwamanye amazwe ezisuka eRashiya yaye ezinye Estonia naseLithuania.

Wood namalaphu

Phantse yonke ukhuni kwamanye amazwe. Amashishini ephambili Ministry of Economics of Latvia uqwalasela abenzi ucwecwe owayeseKuldīga, Daugavpils, Liepaja, Riga, kwakunye abenzi iphepha kwi Ogre kunye Jurmala. unokwakhela abaninzi ngokhuni, amashishini amancinci, luninzi kwimimandla yasezidolophini neyasemaphandleni. Bakhonza kakhulu ngabakhenkethi ngokwenza kwabo ezahlukeneyo zezikhumbozo. Kodwa noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo kakhulu ndisiba. Ixhasa iinkampani malunga amathandathu ezinkulu ze-waziwa kakuhle, phakathi apho eminye ukuya ezingamashumi amathathu ezigidi zeerandi imali yonyaka. imveliso yabo ungakhuphisana lula ngobulungisa ngendlela efanayo eSweden, Germany ne England. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phantse zonke izinto ukususela Latvia zithengiswa amazwe phantsi brand yabo, kunye namashishini amaqabane.

imveliso textile ogxile ngenxa kumazwe angaphandle kuphela, eshiya Latvia e ngaphantsi kwe asixhenxe ekhulwini iimveliso zayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2002, oko wathengiswa phesheya textile ezingamakhulu amathathu anamashumi amahlanu ezigidi zeerandi ezahlukeneyo. Njengelungu le-EU, Latvia kunyanzeleke ukuba angene emithathu ukuya elinesixhenxe ekhulwini imisebenzi yokungenisa kuzo zonke kwempahla esuka kumazwe angaphandle, nobhaliweyo okubonakalayo kushishino lwamalaphu kweli. A izinto ekrwada zithengwa phantse ngokupheleleyo, kuquka iimveliso semi-ogqityiweyo - e Uzbekistan, Belarus, Ukraine kwaye uninzi yonke - in Russian. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso ogqityiweyo kakhulu ngakumbi eninzi; kunye amalaphu, neengubo, oveza Latvia. uqoqosho lwelizwe bahlupheka kakhulu. Ukhuphiswano kuShishino liyana ngokukhawuleza, kwaye nkqu abasuka kolu shishino, ebelisoloko kube yimpumelelo, izibonelelo eli lizwe libe mbalwa kakhulu.

ishishini elihambisayo ukutya

Olu shishino phantsi kolawulo lweSoviet belisoloko yaphila kule ndawo. Uqoqosho UMphathiswa Latvia - edume ichess nguGrandmaster kunye wezopolitiko Dan Reizniece-Ozola, eyayibanjelwe isitulo solungiselelo 2016, ukholelwa ukuba ingxinano ekhoyo kwicandelo kushishino ukutya kufuneka zonke indlela ukuzoyisa. Kwaye, eneneni, ziphila kuphela isityalo esinye e Latvia, leyo uvelisa edume "Riga yebhalsam." Le utywala kunye namhlanje uye yokuthengisa ngokufanelekileyo oluzinzileyo, yaye inkampani leyo encotsheni emithathu abarhafi inkulu.

Nabanye ukuba mandundu kakhulu. Zezityalo amahlanu anesithandathu zemveliso yobisi, zisibhozo kuphela kowethu Veterinary Service of the lokuthobela kweziqinisekiso yaseYurophu iimveliso, leyo ukunika ilungelo kweli iimveliso zobisi e-Europe. Fish catch kunye nokusebenza yawa izihlandlo ezithathu, njengoko umgangatho yaseYurophu lufuna uphuculo olukhulu kunye nokuhlaziywa phantse onke amashishini. Ingaba ukuba abavelisi ezincinane bayakwazi ukuvelisa imveliso kuphela.

ezolimo

Ulwabiwo lomhlaba kunye uthengiso zikhokelele unciphiso oluqaphelekayo kwi ukulima esisiseko. A okubuyiselwa iziza ezininzi yomhlaba wabuyela kubantu abangengabo abanomdla unyango lwabo okanye akukho abanalo eli thuba. umhlaba olimekayo ngaphambili ezimashumi mabini anesixhenxe ekhulwini eso sakhiwo mali ilizwe, yaye zehla ngoku. Amadlelo kunye amadlelo ngaphambili ekumi ezilishumi elinesithathu ekhulwini, kunye ihlathi - malunga namashumi amane. Ngoku kwanciphisa imveliso yengqolowa neetapile lehlile ngamashumi amabini ekhulwini imfuyo, ngokulandelelana, ubisi kunye nenyama zimbalwa, phantse wafa amacandelo abasigcinayo isiseko kwezolimo Latvia.

Imfuyo nokuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zasekhaya namhlanje akakwazi. ukulimela akakwazi ukondla abantu, abalimi ezingenazibonelelo zemali, kodwa kakubi kakhulu banikwe izichumiso kunye noomatshini lwezolimo, kunye namava lwezolimo kubo kodwa ezincinane. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, eYurophu yonke into aya kusivelisa phantse ezingonelisiyo.

Ububanzi iinkonzo: ukhenketho

Latvia inee- ezikhumbuzo zembali. On nommandla wayo - malunga nekhulu iinqaba umdla amabhotwe. Riga iiholide beach indawo strip amanzi kwezimbiwa odumileyo (emanzini) kunye udaka nezinyangayo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto konke kulungile. Ngaphambili, ukusuka kubakhenkethi kwaye nkobe lingakuphumlanga e Latvia. Kwaye ke kukho kukupheliswa ingcali baseYurophu: njengokuba kukho ummandla wokuzonwabisa ye Riga beach hayi ingasetyenziswa kuba imisebenzi efunekayo ngokupheleleyo-isikali lokucoca up. Kwaye loo nto namhlanje wokunkampisha enomtsalane kangangokuba kwixa elidluleyo akhuthazayo kakhulu, iiholide kunye iilwandle zaye ibhungane kwaye ubukhulu becala ongasithemba.

Lonke iziseko lokuphola e Latvia yasekwa ngamaxesha yiSoviet phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, yaye ngoko ke kucacile ukuba ngaphandle igalelo zininzi iinzame kunye nezemali phezulu, le nkqubo iya kuba ngakumbi zize zisetyenziswe ngakumbi. Eli nani emangalisayo: ukhenketho e Latvia, ilizwe libe ngathi eyenzelwe abakhenkethi,-akhawunti ye-2 pesenti lwe GDP kuphela. Xa kunxweme eSoviet Union ziyatyelelwa qho ngonyaka phantse asixhenxe anamanci amawaka abakhenkethi, ngoku kukho ngqo amaxesha amabini ngaphantsi. Abantu beze ukuphumla ikakhulu ukususela Belarus neRashiya, beliqela bit - baseJamani eFinland. EYurophu uthembisa ukuba ukunceda ukuvuselela ushishino eLatvia kunye norhulumente Latvian sele isicwangciso lwexesha elide uphuhliso kwezokhenketho, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga kweli lizwe kunye amazinga aphantsi eYurophu.

izithuthi

uqoqosho Latvia likaThixo ekubumbeni ukuya ezingamashumi amathathu ekhulwini yengeniso yabo ukusuka phambili kwicandelo - sendleleni impahla. Imithwalo becala Russian. Oku ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ekhulwini ngumthamo opheleleyo kokuthunyelwa kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Evelele (phezulu ukuya amahlanu ekhulwini turnover) zothutho kaloliwe, indawo yesibini kunye amathathu ekhulwini - imibhobho, zibe lishumi elinane ekhulwini amanzi kwaye anike esixhenxe - yezothutho ezindleleni. Umendo zombini ukusuka empuma kuye entshona kwaye ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi.

Izibuko inkulu kwinxalenye esempuma kuLwandle lweBaltic - Ventspils, yena athathe nayiphi na inkundla nokusingatha nayiphi na imithwalo. Apha kufika zidlula kunye ukubana ukuya omnye elinamanci mabini amawaka neetoni. Okugqiba uyezibuko - toni mane million, terminal kumazwe angaphandle kwihlabathi-class. Riga port ingaphatha ukuya kwiitoni yezigidi ezilishumi, kunye neenkampani Russian ngokusebenzisa kwesitishi seekhonteyina enikwa asibhozo anesihlanu ekhulwini iimpahla ehanjiswayo. Imibhobho, Kakade ke, nayo eRashiya. Latvia uye fleet yaso iimpahla ezilishumi elinesine, ukubana iyonke - ngaphantsi kwe amathandathu amawaka iitoni.

Njani kuqoqosho Latvia

Ngoku ke chaza siqinisekile ukuba GDP kwixesha pre-ntlekele iye iqhutywa intengiso banal kwempahla karhulumente kubatyali amazwe, kwakunye mali EU kunye mboleko sokumpompa. I lokuqala kule nkqubo yaba iibhanki zorhwebo; kwiminyaka emihlanu-2008 ayefana ngaphandle ulawulo enikwa abemi Latvia, iibhiliyoni ezininzi euro kwezindlu, ukuthenga umhlaba, nokuhlaziywa kweendawo zokuhlala ezikhoyo, ukuthengwa yeemoto eninzi, iTV kunye noomatshini bokuhlamba. Mboleko banikwa iminyaka ukuya ku amane nesiqingatha okanye ekhulwini ezimbini ngamnye ngonyaka.

Ngaloo ndlela baqala ubomi mboleko. Kwaye ngoko ke iintlekele yeentlekele yehlabathi kule ndawo Euro ngoko buthathaka yokuhlawula amatyala kweli lizwe, ukuba Latvia waba phambi Ezinye ukudinwa yabemi. manani EU akayi kumqhatha: 38% abemi Latvia emva 2012 ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko. Inani labemi eyomeleleyo yanyanzeleka ukuba kakhulu ukuba zindwendwele phesheya umsebenzi. Ezimbini pesenti kunyaka ukunciphisa inani kubemi Latvia. Ngexesha "umsebenzi eSoviet", kunjalo banda ngendlela engathethekiyo, kuba ngaphambi 1945 2.7 million yabantu, kwaye ngo-1985 - sele 3.7 million. Ukususela ngowe-1991 ukuya ku-2005, oko baphulukana malunga namashumi amabini ekhulwini labemi, kunye nengxaki ye-2008, le nkqubo sibi.

Ingeniso irhafu

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2017 i-mvuzo uphantsi Latvia (gross, okt phambi kokuba irhafu) elenziwa into euro 380 ngenyanga nganye. Yinto lukhulu. umvuzo Umyinge (phambi tax) - 810 Euro, kwi izakhiwo zikarhulumente - 828 euro, kunye nabanini babucala - 800.

Emva kokuba irhafu 828 Euro elingu iguqulelwe kwi-611 euro. Noko ke, le nto yonke mfanekiso. Ngowe-2016, 177.800 abasebenzi bafumana imivuzo ephantsi kakhulu ngaphezu ubuncinane. Ngo-2015, aba basebenzi ke 173.400, oko kukuthi ngaphezu amabini pesenti bonke abasebenzi kweli lizwe. labemi Latvia kaThixo, ngokutsho 2015 - 1.973.000 abantu (njengoko kwakunjalo ngamaxesha Soviet 3.7 million). Ukuqeqeshwa ngoku 969.200, izinga lentswela - phantse ishumi ekhulwini.