War Livonian iminyaka 1558-1583 uye waba ngomnye amaphulo ibalulekileyo amaxesha of Ivana Groznogo. Kwaye zonke kwinkulungwane XVI, mhlawumbi.
War Livonian: ngokufutshane kumasango
Emva kokuba tsar enkulu Muscovite wakwazi ukoyisa Kazan kunye Astrakhan Khanate, Ivan IV waphethulela ingqalelo yakhe kumazwe eBaltic kunye koLwandle iBaltic. Kokuba kuthinjwe ezi zindawo ubukumkani eMoscow kuya kuvula amathuba ethembisa ukuba kuthengiswa kwiBaltic. Ngelo xesha, bema apho sele womrhwebi isiJamani Order Livonian waba disadvantageous kakhulu ukuvumela okhuphisana ezintsha kule ngingqi. Resolution ezi eziphikisanayo, yaye wayeza kuba War Livonian. kukhankanywa esifutshane kufuneka zenziwe malunga sizathu ngokusesikweni ngaloo nto. Bakhonza njengoko non-ukuhlawula irhafu yi-Livonian uMyalelo, apho ibhishopu of Dorpat sanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule wakhetha eMoscow ngokutsho isivumelwano ngo-1554. Ngokusemthethweni, le irhafu sele ikhona ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa ngalo ixesha elide kungekho mntu ubuya ayikhumbule. Kuphela ukuqhubela phambili ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela, Ivan Grozny wasebenzisa oku njengendlela ileta ebhaliweyo echaza isizathu ukuhlaselwa Russian kuLwandle lweBaltic.
War Livonian: ngokufutshane malunga izenzakalo ungquzulwano
amajoni Russian baqala kuhlaselo lwemimandla Livonia ngo-1558. Lokuqala Inqanaba le ngozi, olwaqhubeka kwaze 1561, kwagqitywa oyalele ukoyiswa noMyalelo Livonian. Impi Moscow kwamaJuda tsar wahamba Livonia empuma central. Dorpat and Riga wathathwa. Ngowe-1559, amaqela ezisayiniweyo isgqibo iinyanga ezintandathu, nto leyo ibe umnqophiso uxolo ngokwemiqathango wokukhonza noMyalelo Livonian Russia. Kodwa ukunceda kartel German wakhawuleza waya uKumkani iPoland Sweden. Korol Sigizmund II kushenxa ozakuzo yakwazi ukuthatha umyalelo phantsi Protectorate yayo. Kunye nemiqathango yesivumelwano Vilna Livonian Order yaphela ngoNovemba 1561. indawo yayo yahlulwa phakathi Lithuania ne Poland. Ke kaloku Ivanu Groznomu kwafuneka ukuba sijongane kwaoko ezintathu azinakuze enamandla: Duchy of Lithuania, Kingdom of Poland kunye Swedish. Xa kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, i-Tsar of impangele kukwazi ukuzimela kuyo ngokukhawuleza ukwenza uxolo okomzuzwana. Kule minyaka 1562-63 iqala eli phulo yesibini omkhulu kuLwandle lweBaltic. Events War Livonian, kwesi sigaba, waqhubeka zikhule kakuhle. Noko ke, kule 1560s ephakathi kubudlelwane umda baxabane Ivanom Groznym kunye izinduna ezikhethiweyo bonwabile. Le meko ngakumbi mandundu ngenxa ukungathobeli omnye bahlobo basondeleyo amanene kaThixo Andreya Kurbskogo ku Lithuania kunye ukweqa yakhe elutshabeni (isizathu engamboni igosa lakomkhulu, waye despotism okukhulayo ubulawuli eMoscow ikukunyasha inkululeko yamandulo ungunyana wabanumzana). Emva kwesi siganeko, Ivan Grozny ekugqibeleni lukhuni, akumbona ngeenxa zonke kuye abanginizayo okuqinileyo. Okuhamba isenzeka, kunye ukoyiswa ngaphambili, echaza iTshawe iintshaba zangaphakathi. Ngowe-1569, Lithuania kunye Poland amanyene zibe kwimeko eyodwa Uqinisa amandla abo. Ngasekupheleni-1560 - imikhosi ekuqaleni 70 ka-Russian ubunzima uthotho ukoyiswa nkqu ulahlekelwe iinqaba ezimbalwa. Ne 1579 zomkhosi Grand Duchy of eMoscow sele singenisa Uyalwa ngakumbi kwindalo. Noko ke, ngo-1579 utshaba yathinjwa Polotsk, kwi 1580th - Great Bow, ngo-1582, aqhubeke zokungqinga elide Pskov. Kuyabonakala ukuba kokusayina uxolo khefu urhulumente emva kwamashumi amaphulo zomkhosi.
War Livonian: ngokufutshane ngemiphumo
Le mfazwe yapheliswa ngokutyikitya ntle kakhulu eMoscow Plyusskogo kunye Yam Zapolskoho truces. Ukufikelela kwi- Sea eBaltic ayifikanga. Endaweni yoko, iNkosana ndade ngamandla kwaye ilizwe igazi yaba kwindawo nzima kakhulu. Imiphumo i Livonian War olukhawulezisiweyo le ntlekele lwangaphakathi ezakhokelela Troubles Omkhulu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI.