Psychology ubudala zabasakhasayo. Junior kunye nobudala senior epriskuli

Imibuzo enkulisa wezengqondo ezibalulekileyo kwaye ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nemfundo yabantwana. Isibakala sokuba isiseko yoluvo elichanekileyo zehlabathi ebuntwaneni. Baqhubeka incedise ekuqulunqeni nembono ngamnye zehlabathi, ukuphucula ukuyilwa ukuzoyikisela. Psychology of yobudala pre-school uquka ezininzi yeekhomponenti oqhagamshelwano phakathi, leyo iza kucacisa ukuba iqondo lempumelelo ekukhuleni komntwana. Kakade ke, bonke abantwana kuba efanayo.

Uphuhliso ngamnye kubo yenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amacandelo eziqhelekileyo, ejongisisa pedagogy uthole. Psychology abantwana pre-school isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko engundoqo yemfundo kunye nophuhliso: ukukhulisa umntu okwaziyo ukuthatha uxanduva. Lo ngumceli-mngeni omkhulu, kwaye alikwazi ngoyaba. Uxanduva ngezenzo zabo kwaye izenzo musa ukuza ngokwawo, kufuneka wenze ezinye iinzame kuyo.

Eli nqaku liza kuhlolisisa iimpawu kwingcingane yabantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo. Le ngcaciso iya kuba luncedo ootitshala abasebenza eli qela labantwana kunye nabazali.

imida ubudala

Ngokwenene okumangalisayo kukuba inzululwazi ngengqondo umntwana. yobudala uthole - le yinto eyenza umdla isigaba ebomini wonke umntu. imida yobudala eli thuba inkulu ngokwaneleyo, ukususela emithathu ukuya kwiminyaka esixhenxe. Iimpawu enkulisa psychology luqinisekiswa kakhulu iqela apho umntwana bobabo. Ngako oko, indlela kwimfundo iya kuba sisemi ezahlukeneyo.

Psychology ubudala kokuya esikolweni kuquka ingqiqo ezifana nesini, kufuneka ukuba zibonwe abadala. Eli qela iquka abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Psychology yobudala zabasakhasayo sithabathela ingqalelo amacandelo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ukuyilwa ukuzithemba, ubuchule asakhasayo, ukuzeyisa ulwazi. Le lobudala kwexesha - iminyaka emihlanu ukuya esixhenxe.

imisebenzi phambili

ixesha ngalinye zophuhliso esibonakala umsebenzi wabo, ngelo le ngongoma kukuba lo mntu zifunwa kunye engundoqo. Psychology abantwana kokuya esikolweni-yobudala kukuba bathanda ukudlala onezinto ezininzi. de bazive bekhululekile ukuxoxa kuphela zokudlala: iibhloko zokwakha of "ikhaya", ukuba sculpt zodongwe, ukubahlanganisela kaMoses, okanye iphiramidi. Ukuchitha nabanye abantwana into manqapha yaye ngokufuthi iphela iingxabano.

Kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu, umntwana uqala ukuba kufuneka xa zidibene noontanga. Ukuba kweli nqanaba ke nangoku, ngasizathu sithile andizange ukuqala ukuya kwiziko lemfundo yabantwana, uphuhliso yayo ungakwazi ukuqala lag. Into yokuba ukufundiswa koluntu ngempumelelo usana, kufuneka ube noontanga kwiqela. Ukuthelekisa nabanye ngokwakho unika negalelo ngamandla kuphuhliso iinkqubo kwengqondo: ingqalelo, inkumbulo, ukucinga, ukuyila, intetho.

Yokuyisebenzisa kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu ngumdlalo role-idlala. Umntwana lidla ukuba basebenzisane kunye noontanga babo. Ukuba ubukela abantwana amaqela abaphezulu kunye yamalungiselelo, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba yahlulwe iziqithi ezincinane. La ngamaqela amancinane zidla kudityaniswe izinto ezifanayo. Xa ukhetha mikrokollektiva badlale indima ndi zakho ezibalulekileyo. Ukuba kwingcingane ubudala kokuya esikolweni isekelwe imfuneko umntu omdala kelayo, ngokuba abantwana abadala ithuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisa ubuntu babo. iimfuno Ukuzixela kwenzeka inkqubo yentsebenziswano noontanga.

abantwana Psychology yobudala kukuba bafuna kuqala amanyathelo ehlangeneyo ekufuneka athathwe yi-qela. Kufuneka ukwakha uxhulumaniso lobuqu, ukwenza abahlobo abatsha, hlala kwebala kunye noontanga babo.

neoplasms

Xa ixesha ngalinye yobudala phambi kokuba umntu ukuxabiseka umsebenzi ethile ekufuneka isonjululwe. Xa ndandineminyaka uthole, kukho ezininzi zezi yamathumba:

1. Ukwazi ukubona imiphumo yomsebenzi wabo. Umntwana ufunda ukwenza izigqibo kwizenzo kunye nezenzo zabo. Loo nto ngokuya uyazi ukuba ulandelwe indlela ethile ngenxa amanyathelo athile. A umntwana oselula nje kwiminyaka emine ubudala ukubamba ukuba abazonwabisa eklasini enkulisa kwaye iphazamise nabanye, kunokubangela utitshala ukunganeliseki.
2. uphuhliso Ulwimi ukukhula omtsha enamandla kuyo yonke le minyaka zabasakhasayo. Okokuqala, umntwana efunda ukubiza ilizwi, ngoko ekunene - ukwakha izivakalisi. Iminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu iba ngumntu, rhoqo enobuchule, igcwele izivakalisi ezimbaxa.
3. Unxibelelwano noontanga. Kwiminyaka uthole yobomi umntwana efunda ukusebenzisana nabanye. Eqalisa ukwakha uluvo abakhe esithile meko okanye umntu, kukho sympathies zobuqu.

ixesha lobunzima

ukukhula komntwana, njengoko umthetho, akukho iintshukumo translational kunye kati. Ngokutsho kokuma abazali nabalondolozi babantwana, usana izolo aziphathe ngendlela enye, yaye namhlanje iye ukwenza ngenye indlela. Eneneni, ukuba sele izimele elide ukuzimisela ukutshintsha, kodwa kwakungekho ukuqiniseka ukuba iimfuno ezintsha ziya kuhluthwa. Isigaba kwentlekele psychology ebizwa kukutshintsha eguqula indlela yokucinga, ukukwazi ukuqonda ubunyani oyingqongileyo yonke.

Abazali kufuneka silumke kakhulu ukuba ungaphoswa utshintsho ebalulekileyo kubomi unyana okanye intombi. Indlela ukuziphatha umntwana ngeli xesha kwakunzima kuye, ukufunda ngengqondo. yobudala Pre-school - lilizwe elikhethekileyo ebuntwaneni, xa umntwana kufuneka kukuziva omthandayo, ekhuselweyo zonke iingxaki. Emihlanu okanye emithandathu, kunye namakhwenkwe namantombazana siphila kwihlabathi yabo, nto leyo iyahluka ngokubanzi abadala.

Ixesha lobunzima lusoloko kuboniswa ukuba ezijolise nabazali kunye nabantwana babo, kwaye kunceda ukuqonda iimfuno zomntwana. Kwiminyaka emithathu usana kukho imfuneko ukwahlula ukungathethi umama kunye notata: eqalisa uzive ubuntu. Kukho imvakalelo izoyikiso, umnqweno kuzo zonke impixano kunye abadala, ngazo zonke iindlela ukubonisa ukuzimela. "Mna ngokwam" - inkalo uphawu kweminyaka emithathu, ngenxa imfuneko yokuzilungiselela ubuntu babo.

Le ntlekele uthole yesibini inxulunyaniswa self-uphuhliso nokulungela yesikolo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ifike iminyaka emithandathu okanye esixhenxe. Umntwana uqala ukuqaphela ukuba uluntu ubeka phambili kuyo iimfuno ezithile, yaye ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuze utshatise imisebenzi ephathiswe bekulindelekile kulo ngayo. Yena ngakumbi izama inkululeko, kodwa ngoku oko kunyanzelekile ukuba zithathwe iqela loluntu kuye. Elinye lawona manqanaba umdla ubuntwana a yobudala epriskuli. Psychology Developmental ijolise ku dyondza ixesha elibalulekileyo ukubunjwa yesazisi.

bobulili

Iminyaka emithathu, engekakwazi umntwana lowo yinkwenkwe okanye intombi. Ukongeza, usana Akukho mathandabuzo nako ukumisela besini abafundi eklasini zabo. pipsqueak lokuqala liza kuchaza nomzali wesini esifanayo uzama ukuba simxelise. Boys ahlawule ingqalelo ooyise bafuna ukuba namandla, ukhaliphe. Amantombazana ukuziveza kunye nomama wakhe, bexelisa wakhe. Kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu ubudala ukuze aqale kakuhle ukunceda ekhitshini, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo yonke imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla entsapho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana kweli qela abancinane basebenzisane lula kunye nabameli zombini besini esinye kunye okwahlukileyo. Kodwa, lwathi malunga neminyaka emihlanu, umntwana uqala ukunxibelelana ngakumbi kunye besini esifanayo. Intombazana kukho imfuneko ukuze ube nomhlobo ukudlala ngoonodoli zakhe, share iimfihlakalo, kunye namakhwenkwe de ujonga ngaphandle umdla. Kweli nqanaba wophuhliso, bona babe kulo abantu ukusuka kwenye iplanethi.

Uninzi eyodwa zithatha isini sabo ibhujiswe kwaye sikuthanda kakhulu nabo. Ngokomzekelo, amakhwenkwe kusabela ngokusa abathile malunga amantombazana, ecinga ukuba buthathaka, kodwa ngaxeshanye nebhongo ngamandla ayo. Psychology abantwana kokuya esikolweni-ubudala ukuba zigxile ngakumbi ihlabathi lwabo lwangaphakathi kwaye ukhetha ukwakha ubudlelwane nobuhlobo ngokusekelwe kwisini.

Ekhaya ukuze umntwana

Wonke umntu ufuna ngaphezu kwabo bonke ukuba bayathandwa. Umntwana Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba thatha ngokupheleleyo usapho ukuba yintoni ngokwenene, kungekhona ngenxa iyafaneleka. Kuba kungenjalo kuya kuqalisa ukuba bazigqale amahlwempu, endingafanele uthando kunye nobudlelwane obungcono. Xa abazali ukunyanzelisa abantwana babo yomlinganiselo ethile yokuziphatha; Kakade ke, musa ukucinga ngendlela ebuhlungu ihlabathi engaphakathi umntwana, wenza ukuba badiniwe, bedidekile, ngamampunge. uthando imfuneko umntwana ekhaya wakhe. Kwaye abazali ezinomsebenzi ukumnceda ukuze bazive bamkelekile ngokupheleleyo.

Psychology yobudala pre-school ukufunda iimfuno zehlabathi neemvakalelo engaphakathi mntwana. Ukuba azithathelwa ngqalelo, umntu omncinane kuzisa imo ekruqukile, ongayi kuba nempembelelo entle yophuhliso lulonke yomntu ngamnye.

ukuyilwa ukuzithemba

Kutheni kubalulekile esemncinane ukuba i elaneleyo self-Umbono umntwana? Ukuzihlola becala imisela ukuba uza kuqhubeka njani ebhekisela kuye. Kuya kubonisa ukuba umntwana uza kuvumela abantu ukuba baphathe ngokusa ekuzithembeni okanye abangele ukuba bahloniphe ukhetho lwabo. Formation of self kwenzeka kwixesha ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Yaba ngeli xesha umntu elincinane iqalisa ukufumana omdala nokuhlaziya izenzo zabo. Ukuba izenzo obubonakala ngokuba HIV kunye nosana ngokubanzi bamdumisa ootitshala, uya kuziva ekhululekile eluntwini. Kungenjalo, iqabane lakhe rhoqo uya kuba ingqiqo rhoqo ityala. Abazali kufuneka abe kakhulu ityala umntwana wabo. Zama ukunqanda xa ugxekwa, uya kumazelela.

Psychology yobudala pre-school kukuba umntwana uyabubona yonke into enkulu kakhulu kunokuba okunene kakhulu. Yena akanako nokuba zenze self-umfanekiso yena kungekho mntu mdala. Ukuze wenze oku, lingabi ngamava obomi, eziziziqalelo azithembe. Xa sidumisa umntwana, xa ienjini bakhe ilibele, ukuba njengoko umntu okuthile, kwaye ezixabisekileyo ngokwayo. Kwimeko wokugxekwa (ingakumbi ngokungafanelekanga) umntwana wethu nje zivaliwe kwaye akukho kuphinda uthembe ezibangqongileyo ehlabathini. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuzithemba kuphuhliswa ukusuka kwindlela abadala anxulumene umntwana. Makhe ubazise itakane ukuba usoloko kwicala lakhe. Unyana okanye intombi kufuneka wazi ukuba akukho iimeko unsolvable. Ngomzekelo, ubonise ukuba nonke angasusa zalo eziluncedo.

Uphuhliso lweenkqubo cognitive

Psychology ubudala kokuya esikolweni - an inzululwazi emangalisayo kunye luncedo. Kuyinto olukwazi abazali nokuxhasa ngexesha ngendlela efanelekileyo ngaphandle meko, kunokubangela inkxaso eyongezelelweyo kunye novuyo. Maxa wambi umntu omdala Kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukujongana nengxaki eziphazamisayo kakhulu. Kwaye ke kuziwa kwi pedagogy uncedo. Psychology uthole swi nje ngemiba yophuhliso kwabantwana, kubandakanywa nayiphi na xaka nasengqondweni.

iinkqubo Cognitive ngokuyimfuneko inxaxheba ukuyilwa ubuntu. Ukuphuhliswa ingqalelo, inkumbulo, ukucinga, ukuyila, intetho akunakwenzeka ngaphandle zengqesho rhoqo nomntwana. Ingaba udinga ixesha elingakanani ukuze ahlawule? Enyanisweni, kangangethuba enkulisa kwimizuzu nje elishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amabini ngosuku. Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo cognitive lubalaseleyo ngendlela somdlalo. Ke umntwana uza kukwazi ukuphumla kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ufunde ngakumbi.

Uphuhliso ubuchule bokuyila

Umntu ngamnye indlela abanetalente. Kwaye nomntwana omncinane, ngubani na iminyaka emine kuphela ubudala, akukho ngaphandle. Abazali ngowokuqala ukuba baqaphele amandla amavumba ukuba ukususela besebancinane ukuphuhlisa iitalente, kunokuba uzisithelise kuyo. Ngelishwa kudla kunokwenzeka ukuba agcine umfanekiso onjalo: a utyekelo yendalo ukuma yokwenene gubyatsya, amathuba zivaliwe. Bonke abazali engaqondanga, ngaphambi kokuba umntwana iqela lonke zizithintelo. Xa kunjalo, ngaba iyamangalisa into yokuba abantwana ezikhulayo ukunqongophala linge, eyimpumelelo namavila?

Umntwana omncinci afunde ngeenxa idlala. Nangoku akayazi indlela yonke ebomini kukuba ukuthatha nzulu. Uphuhliso ubuchule bokuyila kufuneka kuqala ngenjongo bayazi ukuba kuziswe ubomi bomntwana imibala eqaqambileyo ngakumbi kunye nangeengcinga. Kubhetele ukuba aqhumisele usana iminyaka emine kumaqela eziliqela weendawo umdla. Ngexesha uqeqesho, qiniseka ukuba bamlinde, nokumcofa izigqibo ezifanelekileyo: icace phandle ngcono, mbi, yintoni na umphefumlo, ezo utyekelo zendalo.

Ukuze ukuphuhlisa ukukwazi ukwenza, kufuneka ukuba akhulule ingqondo kuzo zonke iintlobo uloyiko. Abazali amaxesha ukoyika ukusilela kunokwenzeka ngakumbi abantwana ngokwabo, yaye ngenxa yokuba kungekho umnqweno ukuya phambili. Musa ukoyika ukuba kunjani, ukuba ukuchitha imali ngamava amatsha. Ukufunyanwa kwezakhono eziluncedo - umsebenzi wokuqala. Vumela umntwana wakho azive ibaluleke ngokwenene-zexabiso.

Tips olusebenzayo Abazali nootitshala

abantu abadala badla sakuwubuza lo mbuzo ubalulekileyo: indlela zokuphuhlisa umntwana ilungu yinxalenye yoluntu kunye amaxabiso aphezulu yokuziphatha? Yintoni ukunikela ingqalelo? Apho ukufumana inkxaso eyongezelelweyo? Yintoni efanele ukuqwalaselwa xa ukukhulisa umntwana?

1. Fundisa ukuba bahloniphe ngokwakhe. Kuluntu namhlanje abantu abaninzi kangangokuba ingasenza zethu ukuzithemba! Ngaba abantwana ithuba lokuba bayiqonde elinguwe ngokwakho akasibandezi. Ungaze ukundithoba - hayi yedwa, singasathethi esidlangalaleni. Baby lingabi asesichengeni, neentloni phambi kokuba uluntu. Kungenjalo, uya kumnceda kuvelisa kuphela phantsi nokuzixabisa.
2. Ulinywa sobuntu. Umntu ayikwazi kuvuya ukuba yenza kubomi injongo somnye umntu, ugqiba ukuba imisebenzi yabo. Vumela umntwana ukuba benchmark yayo, musa kunokuthintela uphuhliso izimvo ngamnye ngomba othile. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, uya kubona iziphumo zemfundo ezinjalo: umntwana uya kuba nentembelo ngakumbi.
3. Uphuhliso evumelanayo ubuntu. Ngokwenene Wayonwabe unomdla kuyo yonke into, hayi nje ukusebenza. Isixhobo wakhe zokuzonwabisa ezininzi, ihlabathi engaphakathi Ubuncwane eyahlukileyo nanto. Onjalo umntu luvuleleke namava amatsha, happy ukufumana lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ngamaxesha onke. Yena soze ukubathoba omnye, musa ukulimaza abanye. umntu Elivisisanayo ufuna siphile ngoxolo iimvakalelo zabo baze bazihloniphe iimvakalelo zabanye. Kuyinto kule efanelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka azame ukukhulisa umntwana.

Ngoko ke, umbuzo ukuyilwa self-ulwazi, ukoyisa ingxaki, isifundo yokuziphatha abandakanyeke bengqondo yophuhliso. yobudala uthole kulinyathelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso ngokubanzi ngamnye. Yaba ngeli xesha indoda encinane ithatha izifundo ezingundoqo uluntu, ukufunda ukunxibelelana nabanye ngempumelelo. Abazali kunye nootitshala kufuneka benze konke okusemandleni ukuze alondoloze umntwana zakhe zonke, ukukhuthaza ukuyilwa umdla esitalini kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zengqesho luncedo, ukuze baphuhlise ubuchule bokucinga, ukukwazi ukubona isimo imiyalelo ezininzi ngexesha elinye.