Lo moya fastest hypersonic ehlabathini. moya Russian hypersonic

EziQhelekileyo umkhweli moya ngesantya ezimalunga 900 km / h. Jet zomkhosi karma unako ukufikelela malunga kathathu Isantya. Noko ke, iinjineli zanamhlanje ukusuka eRashiya kunye namanye amazwe ngokufanelekileyo asakhasayo-high speed imishini - moya hypersonic. Zeziphi ezi nkcukacha ngayo ingqiqo?

Iinqobo-moya hypersonic

Yintoni moya hypersonic? Ngaphantsi kwabo ngokuqhelekileyo bendiqonda umatshini ekwaziyo okubhabha ngesantya amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezulu kunalawo yesandi. Iindlela ukuba uphando izibonisi ezithile ezithile ngayo ezahlukeneyo. Indlela Distributed apho moya kufuneka ithathwe njenge hypersonic, ukuba kukho ezininzi mkhulu isantya yokusebenza fastest yezixhobo mihla supersonic. Ngowuphi malunga 3-4 amawaka. Km / h. Oko kukuthi, i-moya hypersonic, ukuba ulandele le ndlela, kufuneka bafikelele ngesantya 6 amawaka. Km / h.

izithuthi okuzihambela eziqhutshwa

Iindlela nabaphandi zinokwahluka kwakhona kwi inkalo emisela imiqathango ukudidiyela isixhobo ukuba iinqwelo-moya. Kukho kwinguqulo kwabo izinto ezisemthethweni kuphela ezo iimatshini ukuba ilawulwa ngumntu. Kukho uluvo, njengoko apho moya nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela kwaye yaqonda. Ngoko ke, abanye abahlalutyi Cazulula koomatshini yolu hlobo kwabo eziphantsi kolawulo lomntu kunye nabo asebenza odwa. Loo lwahlulo kuba kulingane kuba drones banokuba iimpawu zobugcisa kakhulu enamandla ngaphezu kwakhe, umzekelo, ngokwemiqathango isantya kunye accelerations.

Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi cinga moya hypersonic njengengqiqo omnye, apho luphawu oluphambili - isantya. Enoba ulawulo kumatshini ihlala umntu okanye kumatshini robhothi elawulwa - eyona nto iphambili ukuba ndiza wayelele ngokwaneleyo.

Vuka - yedwa okanye ngokuncedwa ngabanye?

OluHanjiswa moya Classification hypersonic, nto leyo esekelwe - lokuhlela kudidi abo ukuba bakwazi ukuthatha off ngokunokwabo, okanye abo abafuna indawo yokulala isithuthi enamandla ngakumbi - rocket okanye inqwelo-moya impahla. Kukho uluvo apho ukuya kwezixhobo yolu hlobo ndingosemthethweni kubangelwa ikakhulu ezo bakwazi ukuthatha off ngokwayo okanye ukubandakanyeka amancinane ezinye iintlobo zezixhobo. Noko ke, abo abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba isibaluli oluphawula-moya hypersonic - isantya, kufuneka kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na yokuhlela. Nokuba ngolwabiwo ifowuni ukuze yaqonda, ilawulwe, bakwazi ukuthatha off ngokwayo okanye ezinye iimoto - ukuba Isalathisi ahambelana ifikelela amaxabiso kulapha ngasentla, oko kuthetha ukuba sithetha malunga moya hypersonic.

Eyona engundoqo iingxaki kwezisombululo hypersonic

Concepts kwezisombululo hypersonic - iminyaka engamashumi amaninzi. Ukutyhubela iminyaka uphuhliso uhlobo olufanelekileyo kwezixhobo iinjineli lwehlabathi ukusombulula eziliqela iingxaki ezibalulekileyo, cala kuphazamisa ubeke umba "hypersonic" kwi emfuleni - ngathi lombutho imveliso moya turboprop.

Ubunzima iphambili kuyilo moya hypersonic - ukubonelela injini ekwaziyo ukuba ngokwaneleyo amandla ngokufanelekileyo. Enye ingxaki - songqamaniso ezifunekayo isixhobo wobushushu ukhuselo. Isibakala sokuba isantya moya hypersonic kwi kumaxabiso esiye sayiqwalasela ngasentla, icebisa zokufudumeza ngamandla umzimba ngenxa iimpikiswano zochuku emoyeni.

Namhlanje sijonga iisampulu ambalwa AMAGQABAZA ▸ ngempumelelo moya ngohlobo olufanelekileyo, leyo ababhekisi bakwazi ukuya kakhulu phambili ngokoMthetho isisombululo ngempumelelo ngxaki zikhankanywe. Ngoku bafunde ziganeko odumileyo zehlabathi ngokumalunga nokudalwa moya hypersonic yale hlobo.

Lo moya fastest evela kwendiza

Lo moya fastest hypersonic ehlabathini, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, oku waseMelika iBoeing X-43A. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha kuvavanyo isixhobo oko kwabhalwa ukuba ifikelele ngesantya esingaphezulu amawaka 11. Km / h. Loo nto malunga amaxesha 9.6 ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu ngesantya yesandi.

Yintoni wabalasela moya hypersonic X-43A? Iimpawu-moya ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- isantya esiphezulu irekhodwa kwi iimvavanyo, - 11 ukuya 230 km / h;

- chopho - 1.5 m;

- igobhogobho ubude - 3.6 m;

- Engine - cocurrent, Supersonic Ukutsha Ramjet;

- fuel - ioksijini esesibhakabhakeni, hydrogen.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba umatshini isifundo iphakathi kakhulu indalo. Isibakala sokuba zamafutha asetyenziswe ngokoqobo ibandakanya ukubunjwa iimveliso yokutsha ityhefu.

moya Hypersonic X-43A waye esiphuhliswe kudityenwe iinjineli NASA, kwakunye neenkampani Orbical Science Corporation kunye Minocraft. Lo moya wadalwa malunga-10 iminyaka. uphuhliso yayo iye imali malunga 250 mln. Idola. ezintsha seIRT moya kucingwa ukuba kwathiwa yenzelwe ukuvavanya ubuchwepheshe bale mihla ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza saliphosa motor.

NoPhuhliso Science Orbital

Le nkampani Orbital Science, leyo, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, inxaxheba ekudalweni isixhobo X-43A, naye wakwazi ukwakha eyakho moya yayo hypersonic - X-34.

ngesantya esiphezulu - ngaphezulu kwe-12 amawaka km / h .. Noko ke, ngo ukuhlolwa sele engekaphunyezwa - enyanisweni, ayikwazanga ukufikelela ithagethi, njengoko kuboniswe yi-moya X43-A. moya kujongwa kwandiswa ngokumandla evuthayo "Pegasus", osebenza kwisibaso esiqinileyo. Machine X-34 kuqala ngo-2001. Kujongwa moya unit kakhulu ezinkulu evela iBoeing - kunye ubude leemitha 17,78, namaphiko - 8,85 m Ubuninzi kwendawo oomatshini hypersonic ukusuka Orbical Science -. 75 km.

Lo moya evela North American

Enye moya eyaziwa-kakuhle hypersonic - X-15, ekhutshwe inkampani North American. Le yunithi umhlaziyi batyhola sokuhlola.

Lixhotyiswe injini rocket, ezinokukhokelela ekuchithekeni ezinye iingcali musa attribute nto, eneneni, ukuba iklasi ka moya. Nangona kunjalo, i-injini phambi irula yenza umatshini, ingakumbi ukwenza iinqwelo suborbital. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni enye mvavanyo kule imo lwavavanywa yi abaqhubi. izixhobo Injongo X-15 - ukufunda nkcukacha ka hypersonic uvavanyo ngohambo design izixazululo ezahlukeneyo, izinto ezintsha kunye neempawu ezifana ulawulo umatshini ngokwemaleko ezahlukeneyo emoyeni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ingqikelelo le projekthi iye yavunywa ngo-1954. X-15 luphaphazela ngesantya ezingaphezu kwe-7 amawaka. Km / h. Uluhlu ngobuchwepheshe bayo - ngaphezu kwe-500 km, ukuphakama mkhulu kwe-100 km.

Lo moya fastest yemveliso

Safunda ngaphezu kwezithuthi hypersonic okunene lilifa kudidi uphando. Iza kuba luncedo ukuqwalasela ezinye iindlela zemveliso-moya, kufutshane iimpawu hypersonic, okanye (kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo) nabo.

Phakathi kwezi matshini - uphuhliso American le SR-71. Lo moya, abanye abaphandi badla libhekisela hypersonic, ukususela ngesantya esiphezulu imalunga 3.7 amawaka. Km / h. Phakathi iimpawu zayo kakhulu umxhelo - off ubunzima nguwuphi na omkhulu ngaphezu kweetoni 77. ubude isithuthi - ngaphezulu kwe-23 eemitha, namaphiko - ngaphezulu kwe-13 m.

Kucingwa omnye Russian MIG-25, lo moya kakhulu emkhosini. Lesixhobo ukufikelela ngesantya ezingaphezu kwe-3.3 amawaka. Km / h. Obukhulu ubunzima ngexesha elinye lo moya Russian - 41 ngetoni nganye.

Ngoko ke, izigqibo imveliso emarikeni, kufutshane iimpawu hypersonic Federation, Russian - enye yeenkokeli. Kodwa kuthekani uphuhliso kwinxalenye Russian-moya "Classic" hypersonic? Ngaba ezo njineli ukusuka Russian Federation ukudala isisombululo, imoto ukhuphiswano evela iBoeing kunye Orbital Scence?

izithuthi Russian hypersonic

Okwangoku, moya Russian supersonic iphantsi kophuhliso. Kodwa kakhulu esebenzayo. Sithetha malunga moya Ju-71. uvavanyo lwakhe lokuqala, ngokweengxelo kumajelo eendaba, zaye zabanjwa ngoFebruwari 2015 ngo Orenburg.

Kulindeleke ukuba moya iza kusetyenziselwa iinjongo zomkhosi. Ngoko ke, isixhobo hypersonic unako, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuba akhulule izixhobo ukuhlasela phezu imigama emide, ukuya kubeka esweni ndawo, kodwa kwakhona inxaxheba njengesixhobo moya ukuhlasela. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba kule minyaka 2020-2025. SMF ukufika malunga 20 uhlobo eli-moya.

Kumajelo eendaba kukho iingxelo ukuba iRussia ingqalelo moya hypersonic ziza kubekwa phezu mijukujelwa ballistic "Sarmat", nto leyo nayo ibekwe kwinqanaba yoyilo lo. Abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuba ukuphuhlisa hypersonic umatshini Ju-71 - akunto efana warhead, ekufuneka lwahlulwe mijukujelwa ballistic kwisigaba sokugqibela moya, yaye emva koko, ngenxa uphawu eliphezulu moya uphume ukoyisa iinkqubo yokhuselo ngezikhali.

project "Ajax"

Phakathi iiprojekthi ezininzi langutana enxulumene nophuhliso-moya hypersonic - "Ajax". Siza kufunda ngayo ngokweenkcukacha. moya Hypersonic "Ajax" - ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo iinjineli Soviet. Kuluntu lwezenzululwazi malunga incoko yakhe yaqala kwi 80s. Phakathi iimpawu ezininzi langutana - ubukho inkqubo yokhuseleko thermal eyenzelwe ukukhusela yezindlu nobushushu. Ngenxa yoko, developers "Ajax" isixhobo uya kunikela isisombululo enye yeengxaki "hypersonic" kuchaziwe ngentla kuthi.

thermal circuit protection oomatshini zeMveli sibhabhe ibandakanya ukubekwa kwi izixhobo ezikhethekileyo umzimba. "Ajax" ababhekisi ndacebisa ingqiqo eyahlukileyo, njengoko apho akufanelanga uzibe ukukhusela umatshini evela zokufudumeza yangaphandle, kwaye ukuvuma nobushushu kumatshini, ngelixa sisenyusa umthombo kagesi. Eyona nowethu iphambili umatshini Soviet njengento moya hypersonic, "Aurora", wadala eUnited States. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba lo abayili eSoviet Union eyandisiweyo ngokubonakalayo amathuba kombono, uphuhliso olutsha sele unikwe uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi, ezifana nophando. Sinokuthi "Ajax" - moya ezininzi hypersonic.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi ezobuchwepheshe ezinikezelwa yi iinjineli evela USSR.

Ngenxa yoko, abayili eSoviet "Ajax" ocetywayo ukusebenzisa ubushushu eyenziwe ngenxa ye airframe kunobunye yeegesi, iguqulela zibe amandla luncedo. Nngokobuchwepheshe, oku kuphunyezwa ngokubeka isixhobo kwelinye kweqokobhe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba abunjwe into efana umzimba yesibini. kwisisu yayo ibimele ukuba ukuzalisa inxalenye kuvala, umz, umxube izinto ezinokutsha kunye namanzi. Umaleko yobushushu ubushushu lenziwe material nzima, "Ajax" uya kutshintshwa engamanzi, leyo kwelinye icala, kufuneka sikhusele injini, kwelinye - kuba negalelo basabela zokuphosa, leyo, kunjalo, kufuneka sikhatshwe isiphumo endothermic - intshukumo ubushushu ukusuka olungaphandle iindawo ngaphakathi ityala. Isondlo, okupholisa inxalenye olungaphandle idivayisi ingaba nantoni na. ubushushu obugqithisileyo, yena, Kucingelwa ukuba usebenzise ukuphucula ukusebenza injini moya. Ngapha koko, lo bugcisa kuya kuvumela amafutha ukujikelezisa ngenxa indlela kunye neentlobo hydrogen free.

Kungoku nje ifumaneke ulwazi loluntu malunga ukuqhubeka kuphuhliso "Ajax" ekhoyo, kodwa abaphandi bakholelwa ukuqaliswa neengqiqo ethembisa kakhulu yiSoviet basisebenzise.

izithuthi Chinese hypersonic

Nathi of the US naseRussia kwimarike kwezisombululo hypersonic uba China. Phakathi edume uyilo iinjineli ukusuka China - moya WU-14. Kuyinto engenayo elawulwa hypersonic ukuba obekwe kwi isikhali wokuhlolwa.

IDB eqala moya emajukujukwini, apho imoto kakhulu luxwila phantsi, ukuphuhlisa isantya hypersonic. unit chinese abe elapha ezahlukeneyo IDB ukuba uthotho ka-2 ukuya ku-12 amawaka. Km. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngexesha iimvavanyo umatshini WU-14 unako ukufikelela ngesantya engaphezulu kwe-12 amawaka. Km / h, abe njalo kwi moya fastest hypersonic ngokutsho kwezinye abahlaziyi.

Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uphuhliso China alikho kakhulu zizizathu ukubhekisela iklasi ka moya. Ngenxa yoko, le nguqulelo eqhelekileyo, apho izixhobo kukuba ukuze sibenokubizwa njengendawo warhead. Nesinempumelelo sokukhawulelana nengxaki. Ngexesha esemoyeni phantsi enesantya okuphawulekayo nkqu nenkqubo enomjukujelwa wokhuselo kakhulu yanamhlanje ayikwazi siqinisekiso iimbalelwano injongo efanelekileyo.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba uphuhliso izithuthi hypersonic awayephantsi iinjongo zomkhosi, nazo inxaxheba Russia nase-United States. Ngelo xesha, ingqiqo Russian, kuba yona ukwenza uhlobo olufanelekileyo bomashini, kwahluka kakhulu, njengoko kuboniswa data kwezinye koonondaba, ukusuka imigaqo zobugcisa zimiliselwe abaseMelika kunye Chinese. Ngoko, ababhekisi phambili ye-Russian Federation becala umgudu entsimini-moya zixhotyiswe nge injini ramjet ukuba ingaqalisa ku emhlabeni. Russia iceba ukuba basebenzisane kweli cala ne India. izithuthi Hypersonic wadala kuba ingqiqo Russian, njengokuba abanye abahlalutyi baye iindleko ophantsi isicelo ngokubanzi.

Ngelo xesha Russia moya hypersonic, leyo sesitshilo ngasentla (U-71), eqala, ngokutsho kwezinye abahlalutyi, njengoko ixesha obekwe kwi ICBMs. Ukuba le ngxelo iyinyaniso, ngoko sinako uthethe ezo njineli ukusuka Russian Federation usebenza kwiindawo ezimbini ethandwa ekwakheni ingqiqo moya hypersonic.

isishwankathelo

Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi lo moya ngokukhawuleza hypersonic ehlabathini, ngokwemiqathango moya, nokuba yokuhlelwa kwazo, kusenjalo umatshini Chinese WU-14. Nangona kunjalo kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba inkcazelo yenene malunga nayo, kubandakanywa ezo zinxulumene mvavanyo, nga zihlelwe. Le nto iyahambelana nomgaqo-siseko developers Chinese, abo basoloko nantoni izama ukugcina kwezobugcisa emkhosini ngasese. Isantya-moya ngokukhawuleza hypersonic - ngaphezulu kwe-12 amawaka km / h .. It "Ubambisa phezulu" kunye nophuhliso American X-43A - iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba eyiyeyona ikhawuleza kakhulu. Kuthiwa moya hypersonic X-43A, kunye Chinese WU-14 iphazanyiswe kuphuhliso Orbical Science, zibalwa izinga abangaphezu kwama-12 amawaka. Km / h.

Iimpawu ze-moya Russian U-71 okwangoku kutyhilwa kuluntu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba baza kusiwa kufutshane parameters-moya Chinese. Kwakhona iinjineli Russian ukukhokela uphuhliso moya hypersonic ekwaziyo wayisusa ICBMs engasekelwanga, kwaye ngokwabo.

iiprojekthi ezikhoyo labaphandi abavela eRashiya, China nase-United States ngendlela enye okanye omnye onxulumene emkhosini. moya Hypersonic, kungakhathaliseki yokuhlelwa kwazo, zithathwa ngokuyintloko njengomthuthi izixhobo, mhlawumbi inyukliya. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi abaphandi ehlabathini ahlangane ihlabathi theses ukuba "hypersound" ezifana kobuchwepheshe, kusenokuba kuhle ukuba ngoxolo.

Kuxhomekeke kokufika ezifikelelekayo kunye noluthembekileyo ukuze alungiselele imveliso ubunzima iimoto yohlobo efanelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo kunokwenzeka kuluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo yophuhliso loqoqosho. Xilaveko lexikulu xa moya hypersonic kufumanisa kwishishini space kunye nophando.

Njengoko ixabiso iteknoloji umdla ezichaphazelekayo umatshini imveliso utyalo iiprojekthi enjalo uqale ukusebenzisa ishishini yezothutho. iinkampani Industrial, ababoneleli beenkonzo ezahlukeneyo angaqala ukuqwalasela "hypersound" njengesixhobo ukuphucula ukhuphiswano ishishini phantsi kwemiqathango yaloo mbutho lonxibelelwano ngamazwe.