Valeriya Novodvorskaya: unobangela wokufa. Ukususela oko xa yena wafa Valeriya Ilinichna Novodvorskaya?

Kunzima ukuba uphikise ukuba ukufa Valerii Novodvorskoy, elabhengezwa ngoJulayi 12, iye yatshintsha kakhulu intsalela zezepolitiki kwi Russian Federation. Novodvorskaja wafa inani esibhedlele isixeko eMoscow 13, engqongwe ngoogqirha. Gcina kuye nako, nangokurhala uye kude kakhulu, kunye nobudala kunye yokuphila ungakuvumeli esilondeni impiliso, leyo kwezinye iimeko, ukuze kube yingozi. Siziphendule malunga nokususwa eyingozi of umdlali yingozi ezopolitiko akazange abe mnye. Kuba ezi iinguqulelo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Unobangela yokufa kwathiwa Valerii Novodvorskoy ngoko nangoko. Yaba ithumba ngeenyawo.

Nesisa kunye nesibindi

Ewe, oko Akutshiwo ukuba inkwenkwezi ekhokelayo, oko iba ngathi, banelisekile usesikhundleni oqinisekisa inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo zabo xa kungekho nayiphi na ubutyala. Nakuba kunjalo, ilungelo lokwenza ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba zuza, ukuphumelela okanye ubunzima. Zihlobo, phakathi kwabo kwakukho Khakamada, Borovoy, Nemtsov, Ryzhkov kunye nabanye abameli yezopolitiko elite Yeltsin era, ebizwa ngalo uthando ngomoya yomntwana, bessrebrenitsey, indoda ngamabona ubuncwane olomileyo kunene, ngokungasilibali ukukhankanywa into nesibindi verging kwi ukungakhathali. Abanye abantu banobubele ngaphantsi, Ekhumbula ezihlekisayo zakhe, ezele embi, rhoqo nangendlela exake etyeni, ayilunganga. Kakhulu ubuntu impikiswano waba Novodvorskaja. Unobangela wokufa, engobomi, imisebenzi yezopolitiko iya ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi. Nayiphi na ingqikelelo, nje izibakala. kokucingelwayo kwaye amaxesha ambalwa.

USSR ekupheleni-60

EMoscow kwisiqingatha sesibini gqira. Emva kwimbali-ngenkulungwane nesiqingatha eSoviet Union. Kwikomkhulu, ngobuninzi isihlobo sempahla mnyama iindwendwe kuphangwa, ukuthenga yonke into, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ekulula ukuwubona, ngazo naziphi na into kumi umgca elide kanye kuphela kwi ekhawuntarini. Zazingekho ezi ngesothuso ebomvu nemfazwe egazi, yaye ingcinezelo ngobuninzi Stalin, yaye ukuzikhethela Nikita Sergeyevich. Eli lizwe uqinile, yahlulelwe kwii "iindidi unikezelo", yaye nganye kuzo aba bantu zisetyenziswa iqondo ukwanelisa iimfuno, nto leyo uya kuphakanyiselwa phezulu. Abantu bahlala ngokuzolileyo, kwaye 'ithemba kwixesha elizayo "notorious - kungekhona amagama kuphela, kodwa ngokwenene. Akukho ngqesho, kodwa kukho ukhetho article phakathi injineli encinane kakhulu umvuzo okanye utitshala, kwaye amanani nabakhi aphezulu okanye abasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu. Daily inkqubo "Ixesha" ingxelo intshukumo ethe ngcembe yaye inkqubela malunga nekamva eliqaqambileyo. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ezibhidayo kunye cwaka. Ke ezintweni zonke eli idyll ezifika ungonelisekanga. Bafuna ntoni? Ungubani na ke? Njengoko beza ubomi onjalo? Ntoni abanakho?

uso

Vladimir Bukovsky, lo ophikisana eSoviet lowo wachitha ixesha elininzi kwizibhedlele ezikhethekileyo. nee- Hayi, akazange ohlukunyezwayo okanye ezinye izigulo ezithile kakhulu. Oogqirha bazama ukuwenza "eqhelekileyo" (oko kukuthi, zonke anelisekile), ngoko phantsi unyango ngokunyanzelekileyo kwizibhedlele zabagula ngengqondo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba xa umntu akayithandi olobusoshiyali, into intloko yakhe ayikho konke kulungile. Kubulungisa Bukovsky ngokwakhe wavuma ukuba phakathi Kwaya eneneni eninzi hambanisa. Ekuveleni yoma ngamandla Communist Party kwakubonakala yomelele esingagunqiyo ukuba umntu eqhelekileyo kwabasukela phezulu nxamnye nayo, njengokuba umthetho, akabanga nabuganga. Yaye kutheni? ubomi olungaphezu igama abantu eSoviet yayinge-, ezinye izibonelelo uninzi lwabemi USSR Andikuboni; kwaye ukuba ulwazi malunga "paradesi nkulu" kwaye langena phantsi kwe "umkhusane intsimbi", wayedla akunjalo sithembele ngakumbi, ekholelwa ukuba ukongeza iintlobo ezininzi sausage, kukwakho ezinye iindleko. Ngale ndlela, bathi imbali iye yabonisa, banyanisile.

Kodwa abaphikisana zisaqhubeka. Abeka.

"Abantu baseNtshona" kwi USSR

indoda Russian ithambekele categorical. Kuyabonakala kwi ingqalelo iingongoma egqithiseleyo nasiphi na isenzeko kanye nokudelela phantse ngokupheleleyo lithi esiphakathi. Ukuba kwilizwe lethu ukuba akunjalo, njengoko uthanda, ngoko phesheya kanye eyahlukileyo. Xa iimeko yokwazisa engaphelelanga kwaye macala malunga ubomi babantu kumazwe Western akhulile kwizizukulwana ubuncinane ezimbini zabantu Soviet bayaqiniseka ukuba ukugxeka capitalism, oko kuthetha ukuba nguye inkqubo loluntu ogqibeleleyo. Sijolise nokukhathalela abantu, kwaye intlawulo enobulungisa, nobuninzi impahla, kunye nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Kwaye intloko yomkhosi kaloliwe ukukhanya ebusweni eUnited States. Ubukho naziphi na ezinye izimvo kwindawo ethile yoluntu eSoviet kwakuthetha ukubayinxalenye nokuhlelwa iqela, intsebenziswano kunye iKGB okanye baziziyatha nje. Aneliseke ubomi yonke eSoviet Union American ithathwa okulungileyo, yaye zonke izinto ezimbi eSoviet. Enyanisweni, le meko iye umfanekiso isipili le agitprop eSoviet, kanye okwahlukileyo. amaxhoba zakhe kakhulu badla abantu abacinga ezingazinzanga. Bonke abanye baye bafuna ukuba ukuziqhelanisa ithile, esazi ezinye izinto ezingangqinelaniyo umgca esemthethweni yezopolitiko, kodwa siwanyamezele babe ububi kuyimfuneko.

nenzalo

Valeriya Novodvorskaya wafa eneminyaka imashumi mathandathu-emine. Wazalelwa era pozdnestalinskuyu, ngowe-1950, kwidolophu Baranovichi (Belarus). Le ntsapho nje yesiqhelo, oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumzekelo. Bobabini abazali - amaKomanisi. Utata wayesebenza wenjineli. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini okanye amathathu, le nto ekhethekileyo kwakungayi sesibonile, kodwa ngowe-1950 ubukho uyise eziphilileyo bekukho ngokwayo ntsako akazi abantwana abaninzi kakhulu eSoviet. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo waphela imfazwe wamagazi kwimbali yehlabathi. Umama UValerie waba ngugqirha.

zofuzo Revolutionary zaye zalisa nje zonke iseli yomzimba Valeria. Great-Umkhulu wayedume ESmolensk sotsdekom mkhulu - wokuqala sabakhweli Army Budenny. Saba ekhaya kunye namanye amanani abadumileyo - irhuluneli xa Andrew Kurbsky nkqu Knight saseMalta, ubuncinane wathi njalo Novodvorskaja.

sibini Family wayetyelele notatomkhulu xa yenzekile ukuzalwa. Imbali ayithethi malunga izizathu, kodwa kwenzeka ukuba imfundo amantombazana abenza kakhulu makhulu. Abazali kubonakala kuye matimba.

uqeqesho

Khulisa umntu kwilizwe apho predominated collectivism iyonke, kwaba nzima kakhulu. Wayethetha ngayo indoda ebalaseleyo, phantse zonke intatheli ngokukhethekileyo ashukunyiswe kukuba "waba njengaye wonke umntu". It asisoloko ne inyaniso, kodwa nkulumo iye yaba ayiyontetho yemihla ngemihla eqhelekileyo zoncwadi. Yonke leitmotif ubomi kwakunye unobangela wokufa Valerii Novodvorskoy zithi "njengaye wonke umntu" akazange afune ukuba umntwana. intando yakhe ukuba iminyaka abazi, kwaye kweminyaka emihlanu, uninakhulu bamfundisa ukufunda. indondo yesiliva ukongeza idiploma yesikolo ibonisa nto imigudu yabo ukuba ukuvunywa umntu kwimpumelelo ukuba kube khona. Ngokuqhabalaka isiFrentshi kwakunye nesiJamani, ukukwazi ukufunda ezinye iilwimi eziliqela - ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima. Ayizizo zonke iziqu yecandelo iilwimi zasemzini unako ukubonisa ulwazi olunjalo.

ndiqale umlo

Ukukhangela iifoto ze Valerii Novodvorskoy, ezenziwe ekupheleni koo kunye ekuqaleni kwewaka wesithathu, kunzima ukucinga ukuba intombazana entle eminyaka elinethoba ubudala, kodwa yinyaniso. imifanekiso Umgangatho lincinane, kodwa into yokuba walondoloza, ukuze bagwetywe ukuba ilens ukhangela nje umfundi entle, indoda smart nibe ngamakroti. charm Personal, kuyabonakala ukuba, ubukhulu becala kukhokelele ekubeni uValerie waba nako ukutsala abantu abatsha ukuba wenza isangqa phantsi komhlaba, okusebenzayo ukuba - hayi ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi - wombhodamo exhobileyo ukubhukuqa urhulumente wamaKomanisi. Ukuba oku kwenzeka ngo mashumi ngaphantsi kwe amabini eyadlulayo, ukufa kwabatyhutyha Novodvorskaia kwangoko, emva kwetyala emfutshane. Ngowe-1969, igunya eSoviet waba sobuntu ngakumbi.

ubudenge First

Ezilishumi elinethoba intombi entle kunika iikopi ngesandla zemibongo yakhe. "Azizintle ngako!" - siya kuthi namhlanje. Kwaye ke, ngo-1969, xa iimbongi izithixo ukuba kude pop kunye rock iinkwenkwezi namhlanje, kanye isibakala ukuba akumangalisi. Ukuba akunjalo izinto ezimbini. Okokuqala, imibongo baba anti-yeSoviet yaye iqela sokuthengisa, intlekisa ngenxa yokuba intiyo yakhe, ihlazo, aqatha kunye nezinye izenzakalo umlindi. Okwesibini, ukwabiwa kwenzeka kwi yesicelo Palace of ngeenkongolo, kwaye ngomhla we -siseko USSR. Phantsi kwezi meko Novodvorskaya ukukhonkxa wayengakwazi. Ke naliphi na icebo ukuba angabi kakhulu ngokuphumelelayo. Emva kokuba uNatalie exelele amanye eKGB colonel Duntsu, ingcali oyintloko we yaseSerbia Institute, ukuba iyasebenza na amaGestapo, uxilongo kwakugqalwa iqinisekiswe.

Unyango e Kazan

Kwiminyaka emibini, isigulane ke inganyangwa Kazan kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo ukusuka clinical kunye schizophrenia (odangeleyo). Abasemagunyeni kwafuneka onke amathuba ukuthintela ukukhululwa yayo entolongweni, umzekelo, ukuqaphela esinganyangekiyo abagulayo. Kwaye kwaba kuyenzeka ukuba ngokulula ku komzimba. Okanye baphathwe ukuze umhla wokufa zange Novodvorskaia emva, umzekelo, 1972. Le nguqulelo xa uthatha uhlobo kakhulu ekhohlaleleyo na ophikisana wolawulo lwamaKomanisi. Izibakala, Noko ke, izinto banenkani.

Njengoko isiphelo asifuni Novodvorskaja wafa kwisibhedlele engqondweni. Wasinda. Enkcukacha ebonisa ukuba ukunyanzelisa indlela unyango ngayo kuye, singakwazi ndicinga kuphela. Yinto eyaziwayo nje ukuba umoya umlo akazange aphule.

Emva kokukhululwa ukusuka kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo (1972), amashumi amabini anesibini Valery Ilinichna ngoko kwakhona wasiphakamisa ishishini mthethweni. Yena wababela eprintiweyo izinto self-yapapashwa, yaye kwangaxeshanye wasebenza sibhedlela ngotitshala abantwana. Omnye uyazibuza nokunganaki "wabasiki KGB" owaphule ingqesho zokufundisa zakutshanje ugula ngengqondo. Noko ke, Novodvorskaja wasebenza apho ixesha elide, iminyaka emibini kuphela.

le intertemporal

Iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ezayo VI Novodvorskaja walwa yobukomanisi, usebenzisa iindlela yamaBolshevik phantsi komhlaba. Yena ndaphumelela Moscow zokufundisa Institute. Krupskaya (1977), ndafumana umsebenzi Umguquleli Medical yesiBini. Kanjalo musani iinzame ukuba ndingawubhukuqi amandla wothiyiweyo yiSoviet ngokusebenzisa iyelenqe ukuhamba. Kuye ngokuphindaphindiweyo loyo, wabanjwa ze wanyangwa. izilingo ezithathu akuzange kubangele entolongweni entolongweni, ezilungiselelwe yi imiboniso kunye irallie ngabavela. Mhlawumbi abaqhankqalazi phantsi ingcinezelo kakhulu ngakumbi Novodvorskaja wabandululayo izohlwayo kunye neenkqubo zonyango. Ngexesha nobudlelwane Gorbachev yaba kunokwenzeka phantse yonke into, nkqu nokunyelisa ngqo umongameli kunye eSoviet Union iflegi. Emva ukuyilwa wecawa Ukrainian autocephalous ethe wabeka usukelo wanako kunye kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, Novodvorskaja wabhaptizwa waza waba owayekhona ye-Orthodox Ukrainian Church Kiev labefundisi. Wakwenza, mhlawumbi bekhalaza ngokuchasene neBandla Orthodox Russian.

Poor ngaphandle ukuziphindiselela?

Ukungabikho ingqalelo ngamagunya kakubi oppositionist. Yena zokuhlela ebalulekileyo ezopolitiko, njengoko ubunyani ingozi yakhe ziingcungcu sigqibo. Kwelinye icala, aze ebomini ezinye kabi, kodwa kwelinye icala - sinika ingqiqo ukuzixabisa. Umlo yenza ucacelwa. Unobangela yokufa Valerii Novodvorskoy njengoko nkqubo wayengekho kwabavoti encinane, yaye isimo sengqondo nje ngayo ngabasemagunyeni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, wayedla wakhalaza kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo "Echo of eMoscow" kunye namanye amajelo eendaba yokunqongophala ukuqonda okugqithileyo ezibanzi siseko eliqaqambileyo wentando yesininzi. Ngokwembono yakhe, abantu Russian ke angakhuli ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde inkululeko yokwenene. Ngelo thuba ke waphupha ukuba eRashiya kwaba "eNtshonalanga." Novodvorskaja wafa, yaye akazange aphile ngokuvisisana ekwenzeni umnqweno wakhe alithandayo.

Russophobia kunye nezinye izinto funny

ngcembe Sovietism yaba Russophobia. Kuzo zonke iingxabano kwisithuba post-eSoviet, Novodvorskaja wema endaweni ithemba, uphindaphinde amava yena akemi iiBolsheviks ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Eyaziwa kunye neemeko ahlekisayo. yezopolitiko Female kanye wayemi kunye ibhodi apho nokubhalwayo: "Nina nonke Ziyatha, abaphathwa, omnye mna smart idyasi emhlophe emi entle", ngoko ke nxiba ngendlela t-shirt isilogeni "Musa ukuvumela Russian." Hi ndlela leyi, unyango kufuneka ukuba ziziyatha, kunye nezigulane. Oku kufanele ukuba yaziwe Valeriya Novodvorskaya.

Unobangela yokufa - ubulolo

abaphikisana eSoviet ayikwazanga akhalaze yokungabikho ingqalelo inxalenye yakhe yempilo karhulumente. Azimisele kwisibhedlele engqondweni, nokuba abafuni.

Wafa ngenxa impatho engafanelekanga yi isigqebelo wekamva Novodvorskaja. Hayi, akukho yesigulo sengqondo. Babe oogqirha apha yokwenza nalo, kubo uncedo akazange isicelo de ngomzuzu wokugqibela. Ngoko kutheni Novodvorskaja wafa, prosaic kakhulu ngakumbi. Valeria Ilinichna malunga neenyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, athe wamlimaza umlenze. Waye uzama okuphilisa ngokwayo, akazange aye kugqirha, kwabakho nangokurhala, leyo ikhule ibe nokudumba, okwabizwa ngokuba (ngaphambili, ngaphambi kwexesha eziphathekayo historical) ityhefu igazi. Le ukungabikho ingqalelo ngokwaso bonke Novodvorskaja. Unobangela lokufa ngqiqweni kwi sixeko mihla. E Moscow, kukho amaziko ezininzi zonyango, apho wayeza kuba nako ukunika uncedo ingcali. Yaye ugqirha kwisibhedlele yesithili elula ukuba ziphathwe inxeba bonke bakuthathele ingqalelo, ukuba kuphela ukuba ukhanyise Novodvorskaja. Unobangela lokufa, kunjalo, hayi nje kuphela kweli cellulitis, kodwa lilolo elula yabantu. Kwakungekho mntu owayeza beye bafuna uhambo ukuya ugqirha uza kunyanzeleka umfazi ngandlel lukhuni ukuchitha iiyure ezimbalwa phezu ngokwayo, kude kuse kumbeka engxakini omnye rally ekhusela "woniweyo" Russia Ukraine.

Abanye Bazibona "ngusomashishini ngempumelelo" yaye "wezopolitiko ezaziwayo-kakuhle," uKonstantin Borovoy. Malunga Novodvorskaia ukufa kunye nemihla yokugqibela iziganeko zobomi bakhe, wathi uZuma, musa ukulibala ukucacisa ukuba intombi yakhe liqeshe ukutya, leyo yena nako ukuma. Xa inguqulo yakhe, yena unetyala ngokufa kwakhe, malunga efanayo njengoko abahlali Odessa, wayitshisa kwiNdlu of Trade Unions, nto leyo abahlobo fun wathetha emoyeni kunye kungekudala emva ntlekele.

Mhlawumbi isizathu sokuba ukufa Valerii Novodvorskoy ayikho ukungananzi impilo yabo, oko ngokwaso, kulo mzekelo - uphando. Kungenzeka, lo ophikisana xi nokufezekisa engelutho kunye irrelevance. kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwabonakala ukuba ezihlekisayo zakhe yena akayi kukhuthazwa ingcamango silinene, kodwa kunokuba bakucaphukele Abokuqala zakhe kutshata.

World of umlotha wakhe.