Uqhagamshelo kwezobugcisa kwiinethiwekhi zombane: iimeko

Ukuhlobanisa abo okanye ezinye iipropati grid oluqhutywa-sikhokelo yezivumelwano lonxibelelwano zobugcisa. isiphelo sabo lilawulwa kwinqanaba komthetho federal. Zeziphi izibonelelo eziphambili kwezi imithombo umthetho? Yintoni bokuqonda uxhulumaniso kwizibonelelo kwegridi amandla babantu amaqumrhu asemthethweni?

Inkqubo efanelekileyo: ummiselo olumisiweyo

Indlela kufuneka wenziwe uqhagamshelwano zeteknoloji kwiinethiwekhi zombane, zilawulwa isenzo esemthethweni eyahlukileyo - Resolution Urhulumente № 861 eRashiya yamkelwa 27.12.2004 ngonyaka. Eli gunya ngokomthetho eyamiswa inani lwemithetho:

- ukufikelela non-calulo lwabantu lokufumana iinkonzo zokuhambisa umbane, kulawulo dispatch, nokubonelela umphathi nezibonelelo ezinxulumene-urhwebo njengenxalenye Iyindawo;

- kokudityaniswa zobugcisa kwezixhobo amandla ukwamkelwa yelo kubathengi kunye nezinye izibonelelo.

Phezu kwalo lonke, wokuhlangana le migaqo kudala imithetho yoqhagamshelo grid. Cinga iimpawu zale nkqubo zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Kwezinye iimeko, wenziwe uqhagamshelo zobugcisa?

uqhagamshelo kwezobugcisa kwiinethiwekhi zombane ingaqhuba iye phandle ukuba:

- device reception amandla ombane ayibeka okokuqala;

- amandla uhlobo ehambelana ukunyuka lwezibonelelo elidityaniswe ngaphambili;

- izilungiso data ukuthembeka udidi yobonelelo, uqhagamshelo indawo, imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabathengi kuwo umbane, kangangokuba wenza utshintsho icebo, unikezelo yangaphandle izixhobo reception amandla.

uqhagamshelo Grid - inkqubo oluqhutywa ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi ngumboneleli - inethwekhi yenkampani kunye nommangali ubume abantu ngokwasemzimbeni, SP okanye umbutho. uqhagamshelo kwezobugcisa kwiinethiwekhi zombane kwenziwa ngokwezigaba eziliqela. Makhe sihlole kubo.

Amanqanaba zo xhulumaniso grid

Kwezobugcisa ulawula Uyamano lombane ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo ngamanyathelo ezifana:

- isicelo eqale;

- kokusayina isivumelwano kunye nomthengisi;

- ukuzaliseka izibophelelo phantsi kwesivumelwano;

- ukuvumela ukwamkelwa lezinto;

- uqhagamshelwano kanye kunye nonikezelo ombane;

- ukulungiswa sisenzo of ukulawula kunye njengokukhapha amaxwebhu.

Funda ezi nkcukacha amanyathelo akhankanywe ngokweenkcukacha.

wokujoyina amanyathelo: wokungeniswa kwesicelo

Ngoko ke, okokuqala zonke ukuphumeza uqhagamshelwano uzobe olwenziwe omnye okanye elinye iqumrhu elisemthethweni liya kungenisa umniki isicelo - inkampani network, nto leyo imi kumgama elikufutshane kummandla-sicelo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze kumthengisi contact ulwazi olunikiweyo ngurhulumente kamasipala.

Isicelo uxhulumaniso zeteknoloji kwiinethiwekhi zombane ithunyelwe umxumi buqu okanye nge proxy. Unga kwakhona ukuthumela uxwebhu efanelekileyo unobumba inethwekhi yenkampani. Kwezinye iimeko, abathengisi ziyacelwa ukuba ukuququzelela iinkqubo isicelo on the phone. Kodwa kunjalo kucetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane inkampani igridi uze ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi indlela ukuthumela uxwebhu efanayo iphakeme.

Ukungena yesivumelwano

Sakuba isicelo uxhulumaniso zeteknoloji kwiinethiwekhi zombane umthengisi ngayo, imibutho ebandakanyekayo yomthengi ithumela isivumelwano esisayilwayo, ngokunjalo iinkcukacha ngendlela kwiSihlomelelo kuyo. Lungisa uze uthumele ikhontrakthi kwinkampani yenethiwekhi umthengi kufanele, ngokubanzi, zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama-30 ukususela kumhla wokufunyanwa kwesicelo.

Ukuba iqabane akonelisekanga imiqathango yesivumelwano, ufanelwe ukuba uyithumele kwezi umthengisi yakhuthaza ukwala ukugqiba isivumelwano, kwakunye neengcebiso ilungiswe. Ukuba kwiintsuku ezingama-60 ukusukela kumhla wokufunyanwa ngobanjiso isivumelwano umthengi uqinisekisa isivumelwano sakhe ukuba uyisayine okanye na unqwenela ukwenza utshintsho kuwo - isicelo ukulawula iya kurhoxiswa. Kodwa kamsinya nje ikopi etyikityiweyo umthengi sifunyenwe liGosa womnatha, isivumelwano phakathi kwayo kunye umthengi uya kuthathwa saphetha.

Ukwenziwa yesivumelwano

uqhagamshelo kwezobugcisa kwiinethiwekhi zombane - ulwalamano ngokusemthethweni, ethi imbonakalo amalungelo kunye neemfanelo zamaqela. Uluhlu kumiselwe thenda, Baya kuma kwaye umthengisi lombane kunye abathengi kwenyathelo elidlulileyo. Xa isivumelwano ityikityiwe, amaqela kufuneka amisele amanyathelo ezanelisa. uluhlu zabo kwenziwa uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo - kodwa ubukhulu becala ezi nemcimbi ejoliswe ekulungiseleleni izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuqalisa izinto ukusebenza.

Imvume evela kwabasemagunyeni

uqhagamshelo kwezobugcisa kwiinethiwekhi zombane unako ukusebenza kuphela ukuba ukwamkelwa kweendawo ezithile msebenzi uya kuvunyelwa yi ligunya elinobuchule federal, leyo uphumeza kweliso zobugcisa. Qaphela ukuba Imithetho uncamathiselo ezisemthethweni; ezigunyaziswe ukuba iimeko apho kufuneka afumane imvume yabo iindidi ezithile zicelo emiselweyo.

Elona uqhagamshelwano nombane ubonelelo

Emva kokuba isigqibo afunyenwe ukulungiselela uqhagamshelwano zeteknoloji, udibaniso kusenokuba izinto umthengi okona seentambo ngamandla. Njengenxalenye yale nkqubo iya imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo azalanayo ekutshoneni lwezibonelelo sicelo kunye Ebeka umbane waphumeza. Emva kusebenze eziyimfuneko izicwangciso zabo womnatha ziza kuvavanywa kwaye iya kusonjululwa - umbane ekubonelelwe.

Umzobo up yesixhobo ukulawula

Isigaba sokugcina ngeenkqubo uqhagamshelwano kwigridi - ukusayinwa wesixhobo zokuphunyezwa kwayo. Ukongeza, ukulungiswa kwale xwebhu sikhatshwe ukuyilwa eziliqela neminye imithombo. Ngokukodwa, ezifana njengesenzo balance kwemida, uxanduva zokusebenza, ulungelelaniso okanye lobuchwepheshe ugcino kaxakeka.

Cinga ngakumbi loo nto imisebenzi ethile zimiliselwa nkqubo njengoko uqhagamshelwano kwiinethiwekhi ngamandla. ulawulo koorhulumente inombolo 861 nayo silawula uluhlu lwabo.

Events eqale

amanyathelo afanelekileyo ziquka:

- ukulungiselela iinkcukacha;

- nophuhliso amaxwebhu yoyilo;

- Ukusetyenziswa iinkcukacha;

- izixhobo zeemviwo ngokufumana amandla;

- uqhagamshelwano nezona kanye ukusebenza kwezibonelelo wayicima.

Ingakumbi la manyathelo ngokweenkcukacha.

Iziganeko e uqhagamshelo zeteknoloji: ukulungiswa ko iinkcukacha

Imithetho kokudityaniswa kwiinethiwekhi zombane kufuneka baphumeze isiganeko lombutho womnatha. Ukongeza, inkampani kufuneka bavumelane imiqathango yobuchule kunye nenkqubo yomsebenzisi - umntu owenza imisebenzi lokuthunyelwa kwepasile zokusebenza kwiinkqubo ngamandla yombane, kwakunye nemibutho ezinxulumene ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ukuze ubonelelo ngombane, kwiimeko ezimiselwe ngumthetho.

Uphuhliso lwamaxwebhu yoyilo

Uphuhliso amaxwebhu afanelekileyo uya njengenkampani womnatha kwaye uqhagamshelwano umthengi. Kulo mzekelo, isihloko lokuqala lobudlelwane zomthetho kufuneka balandele izibophelelo, ezo zichazwe kwi iinkcukacha. Customer iphuhlisa eli xwebhu, ingakumbi xa zenziwa uqhagamshelwano kwiinethiwekhi amandla komhlaba. Kulo mzekelo, oko kuyimfuneko ukubonakalisa imida ntsimi. Qaphela ukuba uphuhliso amaxwebhu eprojekti umthengi akalifeza kwezinye ulwalamano ngokusemthethweni.

Ukuzaliseka iimeko zobugcisa

Lo mcimbi elandelayo eza kubanjwa phantsi iinkqubo uqhagamshelwano kwigridi - ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ezivunyiweyo. Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi othunyelweyo, kwakhona, njengokuba kwi nkampani womnatha nomthengi yayo. Lebyikulu Iziko yokuqala, ngokukodwa, unoxanduva izihlanganisi izixhobo ngokufumana amandla ombane ukuya kwizibonelelo, enika kwaqala oluzenzekelayo impendulo engxamisekileyo.

isiganeko ebheka kwakhona uquka inethiwekhi ukuqinisekiswa kwemigaqo zabathengi. Iziphumo zale nkqubo imithetho zeteknoloji uqhagamshelwano kwiinethiwekhi zombane lifune ukuzibona kwizenzo ezahlukeneyo. Le itshekhi akwenziwa ukuba:

- amandla iphezulu amandla yombane nokufumana izixhobo abanini-zicelo ayidluli 150 kW phantsi uqhagamshelo okwethutyana;

--sicelo ungumntu wendalo, kunye nezixhobo wakhe inobunzima abangagqithanga kwi-15 kW.

Survey device

Esi siganeko, yena, kufuneka aqhube ummeli isiphathamandla esinegunya federal, nenoxanduva kweliso karhulumente kwisigaba yamandla ombane. Ukongeza, i-survey inxaxheba Grid Company kwaye umnini isixhobo ngokufumana umbane. Kwezinye iimeko, isiganeko liqhagamshelaniswe ummeli kuqwalaselwa yombutho, ekuqhubeni imisebenzi nokusebenza-sithumela.

uqobo nokudliwa

Esi siganeko zayo enye amanyathelo esiye sayiqwalasela ngasentla, ezimisela imithetho uqhagamshelwano zeteknoloji kwiinethiwekhi zombane. Ngoko ke, kulindeleke ukuba izibonelelo uqhagamshelwano nabaxhamli kwigridi amandla, emva - ukusebenza kwezibonelelo wayicima. Ngokufanayo, kamsinya nje igqityiwe isiganeko efanelekileyo, zisayinwe izenzo: kokulandela, ukwahlulwa-hlulwa eseleyo yoxanduva yokusebenza, ukutshatisa isikrweqe.

Eyona nkalo ibalulekileyo ubudlelwane, apho amaziko udibaniso olunamandla lombane ukuya igridi amandla - iintlawulo kubaboneleli umbane. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Intlawulo kwababoneleli umbane

Intlawulo uqhagamshelwano kwiinethiwekhi igunya - IDGC okanye omnye umboneleli, - yaphunyezwa nangokuvumelana nemibutho evunyiweyo ehambelana amazinga amaxabiso nganye kwiyunithi igunya, ngokunjalo kwibhodi ifomula. Ukongeza, umthengi kuya kufuneka ukuba ahlawule iindleko, nto leyo ngokomthetho engafakwanga intlawulo wokujoyina. Izintlu ezi ndleko ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakutshintshwa kwizenzo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho owamkelwe nabasemagunyeni kwimimandla Russian.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba abathengi zeenkampani iinkonzo zomsebenzi wonatha zikwimizekelo ezininzi, imibutho le mali. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka babonakalise ngokufanelekileyo lomncono ngendleko uqhagamshelwano zeteknoloji kwiinethiwekhi zombane. Kosgei - Nations lwemisebenzi kwicandelo lolawulo karhulumente, umisele amaziko mali ukuba abhale ezi ndleko njengenxalenye yecandelo 226.

bokuqonda ezithile lubonakala uqhagamshelwano nenethiwekhi kwezindlu yabucala. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

uqhagamshelo yombane kumakhaya

Imithetho kokudityaniswa kwiinethiwekhi zombane kumakhaya abantu ngokubanzi, esekelwe kwimigaqo ezifanayo umthetho elawula inkqubo efanelekileyo, leyo nxaxheba na amaqumrhu asemthethweni. I algorithm ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokuthi uyidibanise kwi igridi amandla ngumntu ekhaya ibandakanya ekusebenziseni iintshukumo engundoqo ilandelayo:

- isibheno kwinethiwekhi yenkampani - esondele ilizwe isakhiwo,

- ntsingiselo ingena isicelo nombutho, isicwangciso ubeko isixhobo ukwamkela amandla,

- Iikopi zamaxwebhu ezingqina ubunini kwindlu yabucala kunye ndawo,

- yokulungisa kunye nokubulawa kwemigaqo - ngokuzimeleyo phakathi kwesiza, ngoncedo kothungelwano - oko kukuthi,

- umbutho lokuhlola izixhobo womnatha iinkampani kunye eyona uqhagamshelo yayo.

Ngokubanzi, isenzo yomnini ekhaya, ngokucacileyo, ezifana nezo okuluphawu nemingeni inethwekhi yenkampani iinkonzo ngokuhlawulelwa, leyo eziphononongwe ngasentla kwimeko yezenzo yoqhagamshelo zobugcisa. Ngale ndlela, lo mthetho iindlela ukulawulwa kwale nkqubo luphawulwa efanayo.

Noko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ulawulo oluthile uqhagamshelwano lombane kwiinethiwekhi zombane, basebenzisane ngendlela ethile kuwiso-mthetho, xa kusenziwa, ukuze aphathwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokwemeko zokusombulula iingxaki, ezichaza uqhagamshelwano amaziko amanyeneyo nakumagatya abucala. Ngoko ke, injongo iinkqubo uqhagamshelo udibaniso ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye neemfuno umnini-mthetho yendlu, kungakuhle ukuba ufune iingcebiso yeengcali abanobuchule.

Iindleko zeenkonzo kwi uqhagamshelwano lombane ngamandla izindlu kudla isekelwe phezu izibalo, ngokusekelwe kwi - intlawulo 15 kW umthwalo iqhagamshele. Kwakhona umgama esibalulekileyo yokuhlala zokwakha into ekufutshane yothungelwano lwezakhiwo. Ukuba lidlula parameters zomthetho, uqhagamshelwano zeteknoloji kwiinethiwekhi zombane yenziwa ngokusekelwe kumrhumo emiselwe yi-odolo ze-mandla zengingqi. Umzekelo, i-woLuhlu iKhomishini yeNkonzo naMandla.

Imihla uqhagamshelo lwezindlu indlu grid aliyi kuba ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6, ukuba umthengisi lweziseko amandla zibekwe kumgama oziimitha 300 ukuya into impahla lwabaxhasi esixekweni, okanye kufuphi neemitha ezili-500 - emaphandleni. Eli xesha elo landisiwe ukuya kutsho kunyaka-1 xa umgama kune ixabiso ethile.

Emva kokugqitywa uqhagamshelwano yendlu ukuya igridi amandla ungenile, njengoko kunjalo neentlobano zokwazana inxaxheba kumaqumrhu asemthethweni, izenzo - lodibaniso grid, ukwahlulwa-hlulwa lomncono kunye noxanduva zokusebenza ngumthengi kunye nomthengisi.