Unxibelelwano Non-ngamazwi - iintlobo nemizekelo

Yintoni sidla ukuthini igama elithi "unxibelelwano"? Uqhagamshelane nathi nabantu ezimnandi, ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi, intsebenziswano. Ngelo xesha xa onke amanyathelo kufuneka kuzuza nenzuzo, beqhubeka sithetha into yokuba unxibelelwano kufuneka ibe 'nemveliso. " Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke isenzo yonxibelelwano bunayo injongo, kunye ingqalelo kufuneka banikwe nje kuphela ukufikelela kuyo ukulungiselela kwincoko ebalulekileyo malunga nento oza kuthi, kodwa icandelo non-ngomlomo, oko kukuthi, ulwimi lomzimba, ukuma, impahla kunye nendawo ngokuphathelele kulo interlocutor. Ngezantsi siza kujonga yintoni eyenza unxibelelwano okunye kwaye apho le nto ndiyibhalayo lweenkqubo mqondiso.

unxibelelwano lenta - a ukuziphatha okunye, unxibelelwano, leyo usebenzisa izijekulo kunye neminye imiqondiso. Yindlela 'bathi akukho mazwi, "yaye ngamanye amaxesha umzimba wethu" uthetha "ngenxa yethu, ukuze thina abaqapheli ngokupheleleyo. Olu nxibelelwano luqhubekayo phakathi kwabo, nokuba xa kungekho exchange ngomlomo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo efakwe apho iintlobo zonxibelelwano non-ngomlomo. Enye yazo iinkqubo uphawu ilandelayo:

1. Inkqubo woqondo-entshukumo. Oku kuquka nembonakalo yobuso kunye umzimba wethu ulwimi. Ngokucacileyo, le motility iyonke amalungu ngamnye omzimba (izandla, ubuso) adlulisele interlocutor ngokweemvakalelo indlela idla Ifezekisa ngokumhlophe okubangelwa amagama neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zayo. Ngokubanzi wachaza ukungaqondani evela ingcaciso engachanekanga izimbo zomzimba, umzekelo, iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. It luvula bathi yintoni izijekulo ziyalandeleka ukuba eneneni engqondweni "umncedi" bakho ngalo mba kwaye yapapashwa iincwadi ezininzi. Nangona impumlo ayikwazi ukuba phina ukusuka ixoki, yaye nokwaliwa, iqela neliso elibukhali akakwazi basebenzise eli candelo ingqalelo. Eyona mpazamo eziphambili ezenziwe ngabantu abaninzi ekuqaleni nje ukuba siqonde inzululwazi "funda" izimbo zomzimba - ukunyanga ngamnye kubo sithathwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Njengezinye iinkqubo uphawu ezakha unxibelelwano non-ngomlomo, inkqubo imiqondiso izimbo ekwaziyo kunye, phezu koko, buthathaka amagama amanyathelo.

2. paralinguistic, inkqubo extralinguistic. Zihambelana ngayo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nethoni yelizwi, kwelizwi, isantya sokuthetha, ukuhleka, yaye kokunqumama kwincoko. Xa yonxibelelwano ebhaliweyo, umzekelo, kwi-Internet, apho ukuqokelela ezi mali lunqongophele, sebenzisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-lwakho. units Speech bengengabo, kodwa ukucacisa intsingiselo umyalezo adlulisele; ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ngamazwe.

3. Iimeko zenkqubo yokunxibelelanisa, zombini isithuba kunye nexesha. Oku kwakhona njengesakhi esibalulekileyo le meko zonxibelelwano. Indlela zilungiswe ngayo emacaleni xa kuthelekiswa omnye komnye, ukuvakalisa ithemba kwabo ingqalelo omnye komnye, yaye ekuqaleni incoko zimisele umoya omawulawule ngethuba yonke ingxoxo. Ngoko ke, ujoliso onjalo phezu apho intloko itafile, nalapho imibutho indawo iindwendwe; ukuhlala njani, abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-thethwano. Unxibelelwano Non-ngomlomo wamcacisela izinto ezifana ukubambelela kwimigangatho ngendlela ethile inkcubeko, nemimiselo umgama phakathi interlocutors. Kumazwe amaninzi, abahlobo ungabi kufutshane kakhulu, lo mgama kufuneka incitshiswe kwi-40 cm, okanye endaweni uthembe i interlocutor va ubutshaba kuphela. Obala lisebe olukhethekileyo lolwazi yokujongana nemiba lombutho zexeshana kunye lwesithuba konxibelelwano - kuba proxemics. Lomqulu, ngokukodwa, kunye neempawu ezithile spatio-temporal ngeemeko ezithile (chronotopes - term AA Uhtomoskogo). Umzekelo, ndithi kuhle yaziwa ifuthe "Iqabane lothuli" xa abantu angaqhelekanga abantu frank ngakumbi omnye nomnye.

4. contact Eye. Nje ngempumelelo indlela kukhulisa unxibelelwano non-ngomlomo, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeka kangaphi kwaye ixesha indlela emacaleni babukela amehlo zomnye. Loo ngemehlo (okanye ukungabikho kwayo) kusinceda siqonde ukuba iqabane unomdla incoko, njengoko ivulelwe incoko.

Esinokubangela ukuba uthi unxibelelwano non-ngomlomo, enalo iinkqubo uphawu wabalula, unako ukudlulisela ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo umyalezo ilizwi. Noko ke, kukho imeko ebalulekileyo: bonke abathathi-nxaxheba zonxibelelwano kufuneka usebenzise i "ulwimi" oqhelekileyo ikhowudi. Kodwa ukhetho abalinganiswa, izinto, ezifana amagama kwintetho, ngumsebenzi onzima. Wayesoloko wazama ukuyilungisa, umzekelo, K. Bordvistl okanye P. Ekman. Noko ke, unxibelelwano lenta kuhlangene nantetho, zincedisa kwaye endaweni yayo, kunye nolwazi yeencindi kunceda ukwakha ngokuchanekileyo wezonxibelelwano zemihla ngemihla kunye nomsebenzi imisebenzi.