Umzobo kaStolz kwincwadi entsha ye-Oblomov: i-fiasco yeGoncharov okanye i-creative findings?

Umbhali obalaseleyo ongumRussia u-Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov ubonisa umfanekiso weStolz ngendlela ekhethekileyo kwincwadi ethi "Oblomov". Umgxeki, uNikolai Aleksandrovich uDobrolyubov, wacacisa oku ngokucacileyo. Umbono womfanekiso, ngombono wakhe, ngumntu omtsha onokukwazi ukuxelela abantu "ukuba benze ntoni". Ilungu elidibeneyo le-Petersburg Academy yeSayensi i-Goncharov iminyaka elishumi ngokucophelela, inyathelo ngesinyathelo, yabhala inoveli apho wayicombulula umsebenzi omkhulu. Kwaye kwacaca ukuba ngokutshintshwa kweziseko zentlalo yoluntu kunye nobuhle bourgeois, ekugqibeleni waphulukana ne-aura yayo yokuqhubela phambili.

"Iqhawe elitsha lethu lethu"?

Abahlalutyi bombhali abazange babone emfanekisweni wePushkin u-Eugene Onegin, okanye nomfanekiso kaLermontov kaGrigory Alexandrovich Pechorin njengokukhanya ukulingisa. La maqhawe aqala ukubhalwa kwincwadi kunye neembali. Kwiinkcubeko zaseRashiya, kwakhiwa i-niche ecacileyo, engazalwanga. Imbali, kunye neminqweno yokuphuhliswa koluntu, ifuna ukujonga okutsha, iingcamango ezintsha. KwiXesti yeXIX, intsha yentlalo yoluntu-i-raznochintsy. Ukungenawo "igazi eliluhlaza" elizuzelelekileyo, aba bantu babefundiswe ngokugqithiseleyo, baqhuba kakuhle, bangena kuzo zonke iindawo zokuphuhliswa kwentlalo baza bahambisa. Kwakuyiqhawe elinjalo, onokutsho ngokucacileyo ukuba basekhaya "phambili", waba ngumfanekiso kaStolz kwincwadi ethi "Oblomov."

Goncharov ngokucacileyo okucacileyo, ngokukhawuleza kubonakaliswe kuyo ezo zimpawu ezintsha ezahluke kakhulu kwi-Onegin nasePechorin. Ngelo xesha, iingongoma zeklasi ezichasene ngokungafaniyo "zofuzo": iinjongo, iimfuno, umsebenzi, iimpawu zobuqu zihlukile. Yiloo nto u-Ivan Alesandrovich abonisa ngayo ngemvelaphi kaStolz. Uyise u-Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz weza eRashiya kwaye ukhonza njengomabhalana, ukulawula ifa. Sane. Unina kaAndrey ungumfazi waseRashiya ofundiswayo, umntu onomphefumlo ofihlakeleyo, ongowomhlaba ocebileyo. Umfanekiso weStolz kwincwadi ethi "Oblomov" ibonisa. I-Goncharov ke "imifanekiso" yeyona nto yindoda ezayo yaseJamani efundiswe ngokucacileyo kwimfundo, injongo, ukusebenza kakuhle, umsebenzi kunye nehlabathi laseRussia (u-Andrew Stolz - iOthodox), ukuvuleka kunye nokunyaniseka kwabahlobo, ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba ngendlela yasekhaya "kwindlela yaseRashiya."

UStolz uyilungu elisebenzayo yoluntu

U-Andrei Stolz, umbulelo ku-titshala wakhe wokuqala-uyise, owamkela kunye nemfundo eprayimari yinto ephambili: indawo yokusebenza esebenzayo. Emva koko, imfundo yunivesithi. Emva koko wenza umsebenzi oqaqambileyo (nangaphambi kweminyaka engama-32-33). Sifunda ukuba ngokwetafile yeenqanaba, isiphumo saso sifana nesimo sekholoni kummandla wezomthetho. Umfanekiso weStolz kwincwadi entsha uBlomov ubini igqwetha kunye nomnini-shishini. Kwiminyaka embalwa uye wandisa umnotho-ntloko kayise. Xa ethatha umhlalaphantsi, uphumelele kwimisebenzi yezorhwebo, emele ngokukodwa inkampani yokurhweba eNtshona Yurophu naseRashiya ngokwayo. Ngaphezu koko, into yokuba uStolz uyakhangelwa kukuphuhliswa kweeprojekthi kubonakaliswa kukuba abanye oogxa baphulaphula iingcinga kunye neziphakamiso.

U-Stolz uyabuxabisa ubuhlobo, ubudlelwane beentsapho

Ukongeza kwiimpawu zoshishino, uAndrei Ivanovich ungumhlobo wenene. Akayikuphosa inceba ka- Ilya Oblomov. Unceda ngokuqhelekileyo, kungekhona ngeengcebiso, ukuthetha. Uyakwazi ukukrazula ivila kunye nevila ehostlini yasePeterersburg, ukuze abone abantu, bathetha, bafumana umfazi oza kutshintsha ubomi bakhe. Ekuqaleni, kubonakala ngathi, isicwangciso sikaStolz sasebenza: U-Oblomov wathandana no-Olga Ilyinskaya. Kwakhona wayenomdla. Nangona kunjalo, uthando oluvuthiweyo luyadinga ukutyiliswa njengomthi, kungekhona nje ngokunyuka komphefumlo, kodwa nangokwenene, izenzo zothando kunye nezenzo. Kodwa nje le Ilya Ilyich ayikwazanga. Zonke iinzame zikaAndrei Ivanovich, ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni ubomi bomhlobo, zibonakalisa zilize. Udimazekile no Olga. UAndrei Ivanovich, ebona ubuncwane bomphefumlo kunye nokuqonda ubunzulu behlabathi lomoya lomfazi, utshata no-Olga. Xa u-Oblomov efa ngesifo, abafazi bakaStolz bathatha imfundo yonyana wakhe uAndryusha.

Ukugxeka komfanekiso weStolz

Nangona kunjalo, abalobi abakhulu baseRussia nabagxeki, kuquka uKhekhov noDobrolyubov, ngokubanzi ukuvakalisa umsebenzi weGoncharov, wagxeka kakhulu umfanekiso kaStolz kwincwadi yaseBlomov. Bambona ukuba lo mlingane akwenzeki ukuphuhlisa kunye neengcinga zaseRussia, yonke imisebenzi yakhe ijolise ekuziphatheni kwakhe. Ungumntu wedwa, ukwakha ifundiso yakhe kunye nokungaziphulaphuli abanye. "Abantu abanjalo abayi kukwazi ukugcina i-Fatherland", enjalo isigqibo esinzima seklasikhi. Ngendlela, uGoncharov ngokwakhe wavuma ukuba iimbono eziphantsi kwesi sithombe zazingagcwaliseki.

Izigqibo

Nangona kunjalo, ungalibali ukuba ixesha likaGoncharov lixesha leTatans kwiincwadi. Umsebenzi wakhe wahlolwe yi-classic yangempela ngokwemiqathango ephezulu. Ngako oko, kuya kuchaneka ukuqokelela oku ngasentla ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umfanekiso kaAndrei Ivanovich Stolz udibanisa ngokucacileyo kwisalathiso, udibana noLilya Oblomov. I-Goncharovskaya umdlalo okhoyo phakathi kwemifanekiso ka-Oblomov noStolz bayanyanzeliswa kwaye benza abantu abaninzi bacinge kwaye baveze ubomi babo. Ukongezelela, le yimboko eyaziwayo kakhulu yeklasiki. Ngoko ke, impumelelo enkulu yokudala eyenziwa ngumlobi uGoncharov ngu-Oblomov. Umzobo kaStolz udlala indima yohlukwano olungileyo kwi-protagonist - enye yezona "zintlu" ezingapheliyo kuzo zonke iincwadi zehlabathi.