I-biography emfutshane ka-Anna Andreevna Akhmatova

UAna Andreevna Akhmatova, umbongi omkhulu waseRashiya, wazalwa ngoJuni 11, 1889. Indawo yokuzalwa yayiyidolophu yaseOdessa, apho uyise, umzukulu wefa uGennko AA, wayesebenza njengonjiniyela wezobunjineli. Unina, u-IE Stogovaya, wayehlobene nombongi wokuqala waseRashiya u-Anna Bunina. Ngomgca womama u-Akhmatova wayenomkhulu kaHorde Khan Ahmat, egameni lakhe wamenza i-pseudonym.

Ubuntwana

I-biografi emfutshane ka-Akhmatova ichaza ixesha apho athethwa khona eTarsarse Selo eneminyaka elilodwa. Wahlala apho de kube nelithabatha elinesibhozo. Phakathi kwezikhumbuzo zakudala wayehlala ebala iipaki eziluhlaza, i-racetrack eneamahashe ezincinane ze-motley, isitishi sezitimela esidala. UAkhmatova wachitha iinyanga zasehlotyeni ogwini lwaseStletskaya Bay, kufuphi neSevastopol. Wayebuza kakhulu. Ekuqaleni ndafunda ukufunda i-ABC kaLeo Tolstoy. Ndandiphulaphula ngenyameko xa utitshala efunda isiFrentshi nabantwana abadala, kwaye eneminyaka emihlanu wayenokuzichaza. I-Biography kunye nomsebenzi we-Akhmatova ngokokuqala ngqa wadibanisa xa wayeseneminyaka elishumi elinanye kuphela ubudala. Kulo nyaka, wabhala umbongo wakhe wokuqala. Intombazana yayifundela kwiTyarskoye Selo Gymnasium. Ekuqaleni wanikwa unzima. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ziza kuba ngcono.

Ulutsha

I-biografi emfutshane ka-Akhmatova kufuneka ibonise ukuba unina wahlukana nomyeni wakhe ngo-1905 waza wahamba nendodakazi yakhe e-Evpatoria, kwaye esuka apho waya eKiev. Kukhona apha uAna wangena kwiFundukleevskaya Gymnasium, kwaye emva kokugqitywa kwakhe kwiiKomiti zeNtombi zePhakamileyo, kwi-Faculty of Law. Kulo lonke ixesha unomdla kakhulu kwiincwadi kunye nembali.

Nikolay Gumilev

U-Anna Gumilev u-Anna wadibana ngethuba elincinane kakhulu, elinesibini elineminyaka elishumi elinanye ubudala. Intombazana enomdla ngokukhawuleza yathandana neAkhmatova enhle. Uthando lwakhe lungabizwa ngokuba luvuyo, kuba wafeza izandla zakhe zintanda kungekudala. Kwamanye amaxesha wayemcetyiswa kuye kwaye akazange amkele ukungavumi. Kwaye ngo-1909 uAkhmatova unike imvume. Batshatile ngo-Ephreli 25, 1910. I-biographie emfutshane ye-Akhmatova ayikwazi ukubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo intlekele kunye nokungathembeki kwalo mtshato. UNikolai wayenxibe umfazi eengalo zakhe, ekhuselekile kwaye ejikelezwe ngqalelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha elifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokwaneleyo laqala iireveli ngasecaleni. Ngomnyaka we-1912 wathandana nomntwana wakhe omncinci uMaty Kuzmin-Karavaev. Ngokokuqala ngqa u-Akhmatova wagqithwa kwi-footestal. Olu tshintsho lweziganeko engazange alithwale, ngoko ke wagqiba ekubeni athathe isinyathelo esinqabileyo. Ngaloo nyaka wazala unyana. Ngokuchasene nokulindela kwakhe, umyeni wathatha eli ganeko ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye waqhubeka eguqula.

Ukudala

Ngo-1911 uAkhmatova wathuthela eSt. Petersburg. Kule dolophu iminyuziyamu yaseAkhmatova iya kuvulwa kamva. Apha wadibana noBlok kwaye waqala ukupapashwa phantsi kwegama lakhe. Udumo kunye nokuqatshelwa kuye kwafika ngo-1912 emva kokupapashwa kweemibongo "Ngobusuku". Ngomnyaka we-1914, wapapasha iqoqo le "Rosary", kwaye ngowe-1917 - "Umhlambi omhlophe". Indawo ebalulekileyo kubo ithatha uhlobo lwezothando kunye nezibongo zeAkhmatova malunga nelizwe lakubo.

Ubomi bomntu

Ngo-1914, umyeni ka-Akhmatova uGumilev waya phambili. Uchitha ixesha lakhe kwiindawo zikaGumilev Slepnevo kwiphondo laseTver. I-biografi emfutshane ka-Akhmatova iyaqhubeka ithi emva kweminyaka emine uhlukanisa umyeni wakhe kwaye iphinda ibhade imbongi uShileiko VK. Ngo-1921, ityala lenziwe ngokumelene noGumilev, kwaye wayetyholwa ngokubandakanyeka kwilenqe lokulwa ne-revolution, ngokufanayo Wadutshulwa. Kungekudala, ngo-1922, u-Akhmatova wahlukana nomyeni wakhe wesibini waza waqala ukudibana noPunin, naye wabanjwa kathathu. Ubomi benkondlo bebunzima kwaye bubuhlungu. Indodana yakhe ethandekayo uLev wayevalelwe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.

Ukuphakama nokuhla

Ngo-1921, ngo-Oktobha no-Apreli, u-Anna wapapasha iikholeji ezimbini, ezona zidlulileyo ngaphambi kokubambelela kweengqungquthela zakhe. Ngama-1920 uAkhmatova wayexhatshazwa kakubi, wayengasapapashwa. Igama lakhe linyamalale kumaphephancwadi nakwiincwadi. Umlobi uphoqeleka ukuba aphile kwintlupheko. Ukususela ngo-1935 ukuya ku-1940 uAna Andreevna wasebenza emsebenzini wakhe odumile othi "Requiem". Ezi ndinyana zeAkhmatova malunga nelizwe lakubo, malunga neentlungu zabantu, zayisa iintliziyo zabantu. Kulo msebenzi, ubonakalisa intlekele yeentlobo zamawaka amabhinqa aseRussia agxininwa ukulinda amadoda abo ejele, ukukhulisa abantwana besentlupheko. Isibongo sakhe sasisondele kakhulu kuninzi. Nangona bekunqatshelwe, wayethandwa kwaye wafundwa. Ngomnyaka we-1939, uStalin wasabela ngokuqinisekileyo emsebenzini we-Akhmatova, kwaye waphinda waprintwa. Kodwa njengangaphambili, imibongo yayixhomekeke kunzulu.

Imfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic

Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, u-Anna Akhmatova (i-biography encinane ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ibonise oku) kuLeningrad. Kungekudala uhamba eMoscow, aze ahambe aye eTashkent, apho ahlala khona ngowe-1944. Akahlali enganamdla kwaye uzama ukugcina umkhosi wamajoni ngawo onke amandla akhe. U-Akhmatova wancedisa kwizibhedlele waza wayethetha ngokubhala izibongo ngaphambi kokulimala. Ngeli thuba wabhala izinkondlo "I-Oath", "Isibindi", "Izikhethi zasemaphandleni zicutshiwe." Ngowe-1944 wabuyela eLeningrad. Ingcamango yakhe engathandabuzekiyo yento ayibonayo, uchaza kwisicatshulwa esithi "ezintathu Lilacs."

Ixesha lokugqibela emva kwemfazwe

Ngowe-1946 akazange amlethe u-Akhmatova uvuyo okanye ubuncinci. Ngokubambisana nabanye abalobi, waphinde waxhatshazwa kakhulu. Waxoshwa kwiNyunyana yabalobi, oku kuthetha ukuphela kwayo nayiphi na impapasho. Isizathu sayo yonke into yintlanganiso yombhali kunye nomlando weNgesi waseBerlin. Kwangexesha elide uAkhmatova wayebandakanyekile kwiinguqulelo. Xa ezama ukugcina unyana wakhe entolongweni, u-Anna ubhala imibongo eyancoma uStalin. Nangona kunjalo, elo lixhoba alizange lamukelwe. U-Lev Gumilev wakhululwa kuphela ngo-1956. Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe u-Akhmatova wakwazi ukunqoba ukuchasana kwabalawuli kunye nokuzisa ubuchule bakhe kwisizukulwana esitsha. Ukuqokelela kwakhe "Ukuqhutywa kwexesha" kwanyatheliswa ngo-1965. Wavunyelwa ukuba amkele umvuzo wombhalo we-Ethno-Taormina, kunye nesihloko soDokotela weYunivesithi yaseOxford. Ngo-Matshi 5, 1966, emva kokuhlaselwa kweentliziyo ezine, u-Anna Akhmatova wafa. Umbongo waseRussia wangcwatyelwa phantsi kweLeningrad, emangcwabeni eKomarovskoye. Inkumbulo yalo mfazi mkhulu igcinwa ngumyuziyamu we-Akhmatova. Uhlala eSt. Petersburg, kwiNdlu yaseSheremetevsky.