Umjikelo wamanzi endalweni

Umjikelo wamanzi kwindalo, okwabizwa ngokuba kumjikelo hydrologic, uchaza intshukumo rhoqo amanzi kumphezulu womhlaba, kananjalo ngasentla ngaphantsi kwawo. Nangona eseleyo amanzi on Earth uhlala zilolo hlobo zazilulo ngokuhamba kwexesha, iimolekyuli zamanzi ngamnye unako ukuhamba-hamba kusemnandi kwayo. sihamba Amanzi, umzekelo ukusuka emlanjeni okanye ulwandle ukusuka olwandle emoyeni nge iinkqubo zomzimba ezifana komphunga, amafu, imvula, okanye idibane, umsele, yaye nge nokuphuma komhlaba. Amanzi udlula kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo: ulwelo, okuqinileyo (ice) kunye sukube (engumphunga).

Umjikelo Amanzi ibandakanya ubushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela utshintsho obushushu. Ngokomzekelo, xa amanzi vaporizes, oko ibizela ubushushu ukusuka kwindalo buyehla kuyo. Xa lushwankathela, linika off ubushushu kumo okusingqongileyo. Le ubushushu kuchaphazela imozulu. Umjikelo wamanzi kwindalo kwakhona ezinxulumene neenkqubo zejoloji on Earth (ukhukuliseko kunye neentlenge). Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ibulela kuye, inkxaso yobomi kunye nozinzo eziphila eMhlabeni.

incazelo

Umjikelo wamanzi kwindalo abantwana baqala ukuchaza nokuba kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi, ukuze wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ilanga, wabulela apho livela khona, kumo amanzi ezilwandle. Amanzi aphuma ngokomphushu kunye kunyuka engena umoya. Ice nekhephu nga sublimate ngqo kwi umphunga wamanzi, ngokudlulisela kwisigaba engamanzi. Kwakhona, lo komphunga amanzi kwizityalo kunye nomhlaba.

Updrafts baphakamisa umphunga emoyeni, apho amaqondo aphantsi enze ukuba ngamafuphi ube ngamafu. imisinga Air athwale umphunga wamanzi ihlabathi, amafu zingqubane, ukukhula, kunye lamanzi liphuma umphantsi nomphezulu yeegesi kwi ngohlobo kwezulu. Ezinye zazo nga mazigcinwe ngokohlobo komkhenkce, ezigcina amanzi ekhenkcezisiweyo amawaka eminyaka. Uninzi amanzi abuyele elwandle okanye kumhlaba ngohlobo imvula, ukuqengqeleka bokwakha. Of amanzi emilanjeni, uze emva koko - kwiilwandle kunye neelwandle. Imvula kunye komhlaba ngokuyinxenye eqokelelwa emachibini. Noko ke, eyona ifunxwe emhlabeni kwaye efunxeka: ungena nzulu emhlabeni kwaye zivuselela aphansti, ezo ezigcina amanzi acocekileyo. ngomhlaba abanjalo kufuneka zibekwe kufutshane kumphezulu, yaye amanzi athontsize umva - imithombo ukuze kwakhiwa. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha amanzi ubuyela kolwandle, konke oko yaqala apho.

Iinkqubo apho umjikelo wamanzi kwenzeka endalweni:

imvula

Uninzi kwezulu iwela njengemvula. Ezinye iintlobo: ikhephu, isichotho, inkungu, iliqhwa kunye umgrayo. Kwezulu yonyaka malunga 505.000 neekhilomitha cubic amanzi ngohlobo kwezulu.

iimbalelwano imvula

Umbilo, leyo abamba nesityalo namahlamvu, ekugqibeleni ngokomphushu emva emoyeni, yaye musa ziwe emhlabeni.

igcwale amanzi

Amanzi ehla ikhephu.

ayophela

iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho amanzi ihamba phezu komhlaba. Oku kunokuba zombini kwamanzi omhlaba. Amanzi osalayo emhlabeni, idliwa emoyeni, zigcinwe emachibini kunye namachibi okanye zisetyenziselwe zolimo kunye nezinye iinjongo.

nokungena

amanzi evuzela ingabikho phezu komhlaba.

imifula komhlaba

Ukuhamba kwamanzi phantsi komhlaba, kummandla vadose aphansti. Aphantsi komhlaba ungabuyela kumphezulu okanye ekugqibeleni osalayo olwandle. Aphantsi komhlaba lidla ukuba kucothoza lomelezwe kancinane, ukuze babe nako ukuhlala angenwa lulwelo kangangamawaka eminyaka.

uwase

Uguqulo kwamanzi ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kurhulumente sukube, apho ihamba phezu komhlaba okanye amanzi ngemizimba emoyeni. umthombo wamandla ukuze abe ngumphunga ngokuyintloko radiation elanga. Imali iyonke ngumphunga - malunga 505.000 neekhilomitha cubic metre yamanzi ngonyaka ngamnye.

sublimation

Inguqu ukususela kwisigaba eziqinileyo (ikhephu okanye ice) xa umphunga wamanzi ngqo.

isimemezelo

Le ukuguqulwa umphunga ngqo ngumkhenkce.

advection

Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi - kwifomu eqinileyo, elulwelo okanye sukube - nge-atmosfera.

amafu

Ukuguqulwa umphunga wamanzi ukuba amathontsi amanzi abe lulwelo emoyeni, ukuyilwa emafini nenkungu.

uwase

Isivuno umphunga amanzi kwizityalo nomhlaba emoyeni.

evuzela

Ukuphuma kwamanzi tye phakathi emhlabeni kunye namatye phantsi amanyathelo womxhuzulane.

Umjikelo wamanzi kwindalo kubangelwa amandla elanga. 86% ye kwamanzi jikelele lwenzeka ukusuka kumphezulu wolwandle.

Umjikelo amanzi umhlaba onokuphila - umjikelo ezinto, ekubeni imisele banoxanduva phantse yonke intshukumo yodaka layitshabalalisa kunye phosphorus ezweni amanzi.