Umhlaba ezinokuba nenika

planet elimiweyo esifana Earth - oko Imnandi? Abaphandi bathi ukuba abo iphela asinto ingaqhelekanga. Malunga phakathi kweenkwenkwezi omnye kwabahlanu kwelanga-like, ingakumbi, yabonakala i "Kepler" (NASA) satellite ngeenkwenkwezi, wabona okuhlalwa - intsimi cosmic kuthiwa, umhlaba apho kwiimeko ezithile kufuneka inikwe kuwo. Iqondo phezu kunegalelo ubukho bamanzi kwisigaba engamanzi (ngamanye amazwi, ingaba ubilise, abe engalubambi ijike ibe ice).

Phakathi nokudangazela iinkwenkwezi placers

Olungqonge planet ezifanelekileyo ebomini, mhlawumbi yeyona linomtsalane. Star, esingamangqina ako oko thina "phantse ngaphakathi ukufikelela" (emva Alpha Centauri) imi kumgama ukukhanya iminyaka 12 Earth. Oku kusibonisa exoplanet Tau Ceti. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo: 1 kunyaka ukukhanya - na iinyanga zekhalenda Umhlaba 12. Ngokwemiqathango Umgama - 9,46 miliyoni million km. Ngokwemigangatho jikelele - nto ezizodwa.

Kuba earthlings na umgama kumnandi. Kufuneka kodwa ukuhlangana buqu kunye nabameli "ububi". Nangona abantu baye babheka iinkwenkwezi kangangamawaka eminyaka ilandelelana. Kwaye mhlawumbi wathi: "Ngaba kukho nabani na phakathi le elingumbane placers indawo efana nelizwe lam?"

Ngowe-1995, okokuqala zafumana umhlaba ofanelekileyo ubomi. abafundi Uninzi igama lakhe aluyiyo eziqhelekileyo: PSR B1257 + 12 B, inkwenkwezi Gamma Cephei. Emva kokuba kwafunyanwa uluhlu lwamaxabiso engaqhelekanga zenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwakhona. Ngaphambili, komkhondo izijikelezi-langa, iingcali wagxininisa uqina iphiramidi (i ezayo le uqina lokubonakala kwenkwenkwezi kumgca kwamehlo).

utshintsho lwemozulu

Kamva, encediswa izixhobo, njenge iteleskopu, "Kepler", watshintshela ekufundweni umahluko njengokukhazimla iiplanethi Bajikeleza kwi iinkwenkwezi yabo ( "yokuhamba"). imigqaliselo ephindiwyo ukuba abaphandi bakholelwa: oku ngokwenene imizimba yasezulwini, kodwa iindawo ezimnyama na enkulu yaye kubanda.

planethi ezintsha efanelekileyo ebomini, waqala ukufumana ukuba oosomajukujuku wasebenzisa indlela analysis manani. Ngaba ukusebenza eninzi lwe data. Kwinkomfa e NASA wathi ngoncedo satellite "Kepler" bafumana amakhulu izinto ezinokuba elimiweyo. Kwaye oku kumda!

Zama ukufumana ukuba ingaba kubaphandi mihla wafumana exoplanets ubomi, okanye kuphela nganxanye nabanye nemfuneko yokuhlala. Kufuneka uvavanyo kakhulu. Yenza kube lula: imigama zinkulu kwaye ezingaphaya izakhono bezenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa.

Akukho kuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi

Kuba kumnceda ntoni na umntu ofuna umhlaba ofanelekileyo ubomi? Out kunjani? No. Imozulu on unique wethu, zizele ebomini, ukutshintsha ibhola. Uluntu kukhathaza ubushushu, ingqele, izikhukula, izaqhwithi uthuli. Konke oku kuphela kakubi. ithemba lethu ngakwicala livability yenye kuphela Umhlaba uvuyo nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona inkxalabo.

Lezopolitiko, ezemali, abantu, inzululwazi isenze iintlobo zebhayoloji, unomdla kakhulu yokuhlala, neeplanethi ezininzi. planethi ezintsha afanelekileyo ubomi kuya kusinceda siqonde intsingiselo kweemeko zemozulu koMhlaba, ukufumanisa amathuba zokuziphilisa iimeko zemozulu elizayo. Ukugqiba kwenza ntoni ukuze ukunqanda ukonakala iimeko zemozulu, ukuba ndifumane isigqibo seengcinga ukuba uxhomekeke ngamandla obunjalo carbon.

Ngenxa yoko, izijikelezi-langa nesilungele uya kunika abantu ithuba lokuba afumane imithombo yamandla ngokucoceka, ukuba ayeke phantsi lwemozulu ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo yemali kunye nentuthuzelo. Mhlawumbi oku kuya kufuna iqonga entsha hardware eya kubavumela ukuba siye uhambo olude kangaka.

Venus ubushushu

Abantu abaninzi bafuna ukuqikelela ukuba zigqunyiwe iimvakalelo zabo xa sidibana nabo abantu komhlaba, xa bathe bafika iiplanethi ezifanelekileyo ebomini. Ngoko ke abanomdla kakhulu kwindawo kwelimiweyo (ekwabizwa ngokuba "Zlatovlaska"), apho kukho sezijikelezi ngokulinganisela avareji iqondo lobushushu. Oku kukuvumela amanzi ukuba ibe phakathi igesi kunye karhulumente eziqinileyo (ngoko kuphela "ukupheka ubomi ipapa").

A planet efanelekileyo ebomini, oosonzululwazi lifuna ixesha elide kwakunye nokukhula. Ewe, abantu lithemba ukuba ukufumana komhlaba oovimba ulwelo, ukuba uzisebenzise iinjongo ezithile. Noko ke, H ₂ O - phantse isalathisi engundoqo ubukho ubomi ningabaphambukeli iminyele ezahlukeneyo yonke indalo. Ngoxa abahlala apho kunzima ngaphaya Earth.

Kukho imizimba yasezulwini, apho luyavutha esihogweni. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, wenza ezinye izixa hydrogen neoksijini. I-oxygen idibanisa icarbon ukwenza icarbon dioxide kunye hydrogen ngoko nje ngokulambisa emajukujukwini. Oku kwenzekeni Venus.

Ubukumkani the Queen Snow

Kukho planets apho mhlawumbi uphumle Snow Queen. Kukho kusoloko amanzi abandayo roller olubanzi. Phantsi cover ice bangenza babonisele amachibi enzulu namanzi ulwelo, kodwa kusekho indawo ka kuyo. Olu luhlu ambona Kings ezibandayo Mars, Jupiter, iSaturn.

ingaba ukufakwa kwabo umhlaba kuvumelekile ezifanelekileyo ubomi babantu? Hayi, indawo apha kwelimiweyo kwi nomlinganiselo rough: Indawo apho isondlo nga "atshize amaza". Ngelishwa, asiyiyo yonke impendulo i'quadratic elula umgama ukuya inkwenkwezi "kwinani" isonjululwe wakhutshwa ubungakanani amandla "kwinani elingezantsi." Okubaluleke kakhulu ubukho ojikeleze umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze kakuhle.

Enyanisweni, Venus ne Mars "siphila" kwinkqubo yethu ilanga. Kodwa umoya ashinyeneyo Venusian okroqiweyo carbon dioxide, nto leyo uchola amandla ukusuka elangeni kwaye uvelisa esibi isiphumo eewathi ezikweni ekwaziyo kutshabalalisa bonke ubomi. A Mars?

salo Mars

Mu kuya kwa nshita uphawu eshushu uthando, ngomhla uphawu imfazwe ngobudoda atmosfera ibhityile kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukubamba ubushushu, ngoko - a abandayo frighteningly "Bun". Nokuba umoya bahlukene koMhlaba (kunye ubukho ezintabeni kunye neeminerali) - ke kuba indalo, kufanelekile ukuba uphuhliso nolondolozo ubomi.

Ukuba antipodes "ekwabelwana ngokugqithiseleyo 'ayikwazanga ukunciphisa ubushushu kwaye zinyibilike umkhenkce ... Kwaye ndiza bababuyisa umhlaba ofanelekileyo ubomi. Noko ke, le fantazii.Rassuzhdaya kuphela malunga nokwenzeka ubukho bezinye siyibambe kumnyele wethu iMilky Way, kufuneka siqonde ukuba ubukho babo kwindawo kwelimiweyo akusenzi kunjalo, ukuba imilo ezakhiwe ngayo umoya ka neeplaneti nezinzima.

Bonke zinto zinxibelelene iinkwenkwezi, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "UDema ebomvu". Nokuba simele sicinge ukuba imizimba yasezulwini zilufanele ubomi babantu, kungekhona idolo kakhulu Bayayigqiba imihla yabo engqongwe yi ubuhle ngemibala wamagazi. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo: UDema abaselula besebenza kakhulu. Ukuba kwenzeka enkulu amadangatye elanga kunye ejections nobunzima coronal.

Lilliputians esebenzayo

Le isiphumo ekugqibeleni ezonakalisayo ubomi zonke iiplanethi, wabonakala kufuphi, nokuba zikhona, namanzi. Amasimi kazibuthe "yokuguguma sezigidi" zinamandla kangangokuba bakwazi kutyumza bonke "abamelwane". Kodwa emva kweminyaka embalwa amakhulu ezigidi umsebenzi omkhulu, UDema ebomvu ukuzinza phantsi, waza wolula zokubasa yakhe hydrogen malunga izigidi zezigidi kwiminyaka.

Ukuba ubomi buya kuhlala kwi zigaba zokuqala zophuhliso, kuya kufuneka onke amathuba ixesha elide ubukho kufuphi nokuzola phantsi "Lilliputians". Kwaye iplanethi entsha afanelekileyo ubomi babantu (ifoto ngezantsi) iya gracing Vselennuyu.Takim, xa sikhangela ikhaya elitsha phakathi kweenkwenkwezi, okanye ubomi iphela, siyaqonda ukuba izowuni kwelimiweyo - kuphela isikhokelo rough.

abasingethe Field of kwisiphekepheke, "Kepler" - 150,000 iinkwenkwezi. Inkoliso yaba eqaqambileyo kakhulu ukuzijonga. Kodwa umqeshwa California Technical Institute Petigura kunye noogxa bakhe bakwazi ukuhlola iinkwenkwezi "bezongena" 42,000 yaye waqukumbela: kwenani labaviwa kwi yokuhlala yale planethi nga ivulwe 603.

Funa afumane

planethi nenika abe nobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Neshumi babo kumgama oyi ezimbini amaxesha ezinkulu kuno Umhlaba. Ukutshatisa radius ofunekayo, abaphengululi basebenzisa Keck iteleskopu, wazibeka eHawaii. zibalwa ngendlela entsonkothileyo zenziwa, laqalisa izilungiso okulungisa.

Ekugqibeleni kwathi ukuba malunga nama-22 ekhulwini iinkwenkwezi kwelanga-ezifana kufuneka Hewana langa, Ufana ubungakanani boMhlaba, ukuba zisenokuba ezifanelekileyo ebomini. Nazi ezinye exoplanets.

Ndikhankanye ekuqaleni China E Tau yafunyanwa ngo-2012. Akhiwe kule umlaza Cetus. Oku kucingwa ukuba umviwa engaqinisekiswanga ukuba izinto va swi. Ithuba revolution ka iplanethi kujikelezwa inkwenkwezi (ixesha sidereal) 168 iintsuku Umhlaba. Le okuwo kufutshane kwiindawo omiweyo uphela. Iqondo lobushushu kwe-avareji ye-70 degrees Celsius (i Umhlaba - 15).

Oku "kuneyethu", umi kumgama 473 ukukhanya iminyaka ukususela Umhlaba kwaye ogama Kepler 438b kwi lekroza s. Oku kubhekisela star Kepler 438, nto leyo 4, kwiminyaka eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 nangaphezulu ngaphezu kwelanga. nenomlanga wahlula ebomvu ubengezela kakhulu, ngoko lokujonga ngocoselelo meko akukho lula.

Gliese nezinye

Iplanethi efanelekileyo ngobomi kuquka engaqinisekiswanga "Mam 'Gliese 667S E. It ejikelezayo yinkwenkwezi kwi lekroza ka iScorpio - yinkqubo nenomlanga orange ebomvu anababini. Age "inkampani ngokunyaniseka" - ukusuka ziyahluka ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kuma-10 ezigidi. Kuyinto 22 iminyaka ukukhanya Earth. Unyaka - 62 kwiintsuku (iintsuku Umhlaba).

Kepler186f "elingena ellipses" kufuphi nenomlanga inkwenkwezi ebomvu lekroza Cygnus, apho 561 ngonyaka ukukhanya. inkwenkwezi yakhe ukuba ezinkulu eshushu njengelanga. Unyaka - 131 iintsuku Earth.

Kapteyn ngo "kukujikeleza" inkwenkwezi kwi umlaza Pictor. It mkhulu Sun - kukho ubunzima amaxesha 0,28 embindini - 0,29. Agqiba malunga 8 bhiliyoni iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ukukhanya-iminyaka eli-13. Kapteyn - exoplanet bokuba, ngosuku apho okuhlala 48 iintsuku Umhlaba. Radius ayenziwanga wayeyinxalenye phandle, izihlandlo ezihlanu nzima ngaphezu Earth.

Silindele ukuba imihlaba ezikude!

Lobo 1061S ibhekisa yesikhanyiso le umlaza Ophiuchus. It iyajikeleza synchronously star yayo. Ngoko, kwelinye icala usoloko shushu, ezinye nengqele. Phambi kwakhe, 14 ukukhanya-iminyaka. Mhlawumbi iplanethi enamatye. Iqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo ukuba ubukho namanzi. Amandla omxhuzulane (womxhuzulane) ngaphezulu kwe Umhlaba phantse kabini.

Lo asinguye uluhlu lonke puzzle ithemba! Ngoko ke "! Ngayo yonke eninzi, yaye thina vests" Loo nto nje ukungqina ukuba nzima, kodwa ngokwenyani ukufumana - ngakumbi njalo. Kodwa siyazi ukuba umhlaba ofanelekileyo ukuba ubomi babantu, kukho!