Nazca. Imigca Nazca twisisaka. Nazca Lines

Ngaba uyayazi into Nasca? Le Indian impucuko yamandulo. Kufunyenwe igama layo nasemlanjeni, entilini apho unanamhla uyakwazi Mhle ezikhumbuzo ezininzi inkcubeko. Ukuphumelela kwale impucuko iqatshelwe BC nenkulungwane yokuqala. Kamva igama Nazca babenxiba Indian kwilali encinane kumazantsi ePeru, esemva ezintabeni. Ukuze kufikelelwe kuyo ukusuka kwikomkhulu Lima, urhulumente kwakufuneka ahambe iikhilomitha ezininzi endleleni ezinothuli evulekile, ibekwe entlango enamatye kwaye uyisanti.

Namhlanje, likomkhulu ePeru kunye nesixeko Nazca inxulumanisa akahambi-mqolo ezine. Kwaye ilungu udlula iinduli uludlolo nenkqantosi, zasendle kwavula ngamatye. ilali encinane nangokuzola elidlulileyo, namhlanje idolophu encinane, kodwa kakuhle kakhulu. Zibonisa museum bayo kunye nepaki elincinane, kukho iindidi iivenkile kunye iibhanki ezimbini. Apho hotele kwidolophu kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo uthathe kubakhenkethi baya kummandla simazi nehlabathi odumileyo "Pampa de Nasca."

geography

Yintoni utsala abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi idolophu encinane engasezantsi Peru? Abahambi apha ukukhangela Nazca emangalisayo kunye twisisaka. Lo mmandla, omi phezu kwentaba. Ngokuba kuye, njengoko zonke iimpawu yehewu, agudileyo, kwaye maxa wambi ntlango lihlangana. Kwezinye iindawo le dissected kancinci. Ezinye ezinkqantosini ezahlulwe sisithuba kwemiqhele ezahlukahlukeneyo ihewu.

Apho i Nazca? Plateau ibekwe kumazantsi ePeru. Ukusuka kwikomkhulu, Lima, liselikho ezahlulwe-450 km ekufuneka zoyiswe kuMzantsi-lasempuma indlela. Nazca entlango kwi mephu phantse kwizowuni yonxweme Pacific Ocean. Ukususela mathafa amanzi zayo - hayi ngaphezulu kwe asibhozo kweekhilomitha.

ukufumana ngokukhawuleza kule ndawo kwimaphu ukunceda nokulawula Nazca. Benza 14 ° 41 '18 'inkululeko emzantsi kunye 75 ° 7' 22 "nobude obunga ngasentshonalanga.

Nazca ine evuthelweyo ukusuka emantla ukuya uhlobo ezantsi. Ubude bayo km 50. Kodwa ububanzi mmandla ukusuka kwintshona kwimida osempuma isusela ukusuka iikhilomitha ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe.

izimo zemvelo

Nazca uhlela yokuba lo mmandla ibekwe kwi Dry Zone. Kule meko, oku gqa. Winter apha ithatha ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba. Ngokuba thina, ukuba iyamangalisa, kodwa utshintsho onyaka kwi-Southern saseNtla nto idibana kunye nalowo uphawu kwindawo ebekwe ngasentla kweikhweyitha.

Njengoko ngokuba ubushushu, ukuba phantse izinzile kule ndawo. Kwiinyanga zasebusika, ixabiso layo ayikho ngaphantsi kwe degrees elinesithandathu. Ehlotyeni ithemometha phantse rhoqo zigcinwe kwi-25.

Nazca, Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, liselikho usondela kufuphi ukuba amanzi Pacific Ocean. Noko ke, nangona oku, imvula apha zinqabile kakhulu. Ebebengekho thafa umoya njengoko umoya ngobuninzi likhuselwe kwentaba zibe. Entlango, nemilambo kunye nemisinga. 'Yabona apha kuphela yabo itshiswa emfuleni.

imigca Nazca

Noko ke, abakhenkethi abaninzi bathanda kummandla ayikho indawo yayo. Nazca esifubeni amanani kungummangaliso kwaye imigca olukuzo ngqo kumphezulu womhlaba. Iinzululwazi zizibiza ngokuba le geoglyphs. Le nto ke imilo zejometri kwasekwa kumhlaba komhlaba, ubude apho engekho ngaphantsi kweemitha ezine.

Nazca Lines aba vee ngomxube wesanti kunye iingqalutye, wemba emhlabeni. Abayi nzulu (15-30 cm), kodwa ixesha elide (ukuya kwi-10 km) ukuba ububanzi ezahlukeneyo (150 ukuya 200 m). Geoglyphs, okanye, njengoko ibizwa, imigca Nazca akhiwa kwemilo elimnandi kunene. Apha ungabona kucacile iintaka, izigcawu kunye nezilwanyana, kunye iimilo zejiyometri. Zonke ezi imigca kwi ithafa 13 amawaka.

Yintoni na? Secrets embalini? Iimfihlakalo elidluleyo? Impendulo engagungqiyo zale mibuzo ayikho. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba imizobo Nazca abekwa ku ngaphantsi komhlaba ngezandla abanezakhono zabantu. Kodwa ke, ukuqinisekisa le ngqikelelo nangoku akunakwenzeka. Kukho omnye, abaliqela unombono onamandla, ngokutsho apho, elo qela lamajoni kunye nomgca ayisetyenziswanga ngabantu, kunye nabameli ubukrelekrele komhlaba. Le mfihlelo inkulu Nazca entlango, ukulwa apho ezininzi izazinzulu. Noko ke, nangona oku, imfihlelo yasethafeni Peruvian kwaye ihlala hlabathi engekasonjululwa namhlanje.

History of izovela

Nazca entlango (Peru) yaziwa ngokuba Imizobo enkulu, ibekwe kwi thafa. Ezi imizobo angaziwa bemeko- zezikaYe- kwabakhulu impumelelo zehlabathi inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa Akuthandabuzeki oqingqiweyo wonke umhlaba.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ipateni umhlaba omkhulu owabonwa njengezelatha-ndlela ngowe-1927. Kodwa Lines Nazca kuluntu lwezenzululwazi waba kwaziwa kuphela emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini. Kungoko ke le mbali American Paul Kosok wapapasha uthotho iifoto amanani ezimangalisayo yaye kungakholeleki, abo emoyeni.

ukudala ubuchwepheshe

imizobo Nazca wadala kunye nokususwa kobutyobo, emaweni brown kunye iingqalutye mlilo, nala patina ubhityileyo umbala omnyama, kunye ongaphantsi ukukhanya, equka umxube calcite, udongwe nesanti. Kungenxa yoko le nto iikhonto amanani ezinkulu ibonakale ngokucacileyo evela ntaka okanye moya.

Ukususela umoya, yonke imigca kwi imvelaphi umhlaba ukukhangela mhlophe, nangona ukusuka emhlabeni okanye iintaba ezisezantsi loo manani idibane kulo ilizwe, kwaye akakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwabo.

Imigca kunye iimilo zejiyometri

Yonke imifanekiso ukuze sibonwe kwi Nazca entlango, abe imilo eyahlukileyo. Ezinye zazo wachuba iindawo okanye imigca, ububanzi leyo uluhlu ngeesentimitha elinesihlanu ukuya kwiimitha elishumi nangaphezulu. kukuqiniswa okunjalo nomhlaba kakhulu elide. Baya ingahlala ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwezintathu, okanye neekhilomitha nangaphezulu. Amanqanaba nabo kakuhle eyandisiweyo ecaleni ubude bayo.

Ezinye imigca Nazca ziyanatyiswa okanye thumbanails unxantathu. Likwimo lixhaphakileyo iimilo zejiyometri thafa. Imilinganiselo kakhulu eyahlukeneyo kunye noluhlu ukusuka km enye ukuya kwezintathu. Ezi oonxantathu badla ngokubizwa ngokuba trapezoid. Eminye imifanekiso Nazca indawo enkulu ukuba uxande okanye imilo ezitenxileyo.
Bona yehewu kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ezinjalo ayiqhelileyo geometry we quadrilaterals njengoko kwikasi (kunye ezimbini ngaxeshanye emacaleni). Ezi indalo kunye neefom ecacileyo entlango imalunga anamakhulu asixhenxe.

imigca ezininzi kunye namaqonga abanye umthondo iprofayile enhle ukuba iisentimitha amathathu okanye ngaphezulu. Kwaye zonke ezi vee kukho imida ecacileyo, efana ecaleni.

Le peculiarity yemida Nazca

geoglyphs entlango Peruvian abantu abaninzi ngenxa lobuqotho yayo. abahambi Umfanekiso- ngqondweni betha nje umgca, ndisolulela ngenxa kwiikhilomitha ezininzi kunye yehewu, ngokulula ndiyoyisile zonke iimpawu zomhlaba. Ukongeza, amanani Nazca ngamaziko yokuqala, ngokuqhelekileyo akhiwe ezindulini. Kwezi ngongoma idibane kwaye diverge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imida. Amaninzi misinga kwi yomhlaba, zihlangene olunye nolunye; ngaloo ndlela kunye kunye nendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba iimilo nemigca bakhonza abanye.

Loo nto inika umdla kunye nendawo le trapezoids. isiseko lwabo ngokuqhelekileyo ajikeleziswe ecaleni ezintilini komlambo kunye nesabelo elimxinwa zibekwe ngezantsi.

Akumangalisi ke ukuba:

• Iikona yonke imigca babe nokuchaneka kakhulu, nto leyo esizigubungeleyo kwe iisentimitha ezintlanu lonke iikhilomitha eziliqela ubude;
• ukubonakala igcinwa naxa kufakwa iikhonto amanani e omnye komnye;
• kukho umda engqongqo iimilo xa ubude kakhulu ububanzi iziqwenga;
• igcinwe bands ukubonakala naxa utshintsho iimpawu zomhlaba;
• ukufana waphawula loqwalaselo kunye nendawo ipateni iphiramidi ebonisa iimilo kunye iziphaluka okubonakalayo;
• geometry wolondolozo iimilo naxa embi;
• kukho imigca abathwele umlinganiswa ngeenkwenkwezi, isalatha kulaa kwicala yokukhanya okanye equinoxes.

A ezahlukeneyo iipatheni

A uhlobo yomhombiso kweendawo ezinkulu-isikali Nazca na zigzags kunye namanani knutoobraznye. Phakathi kwezinto 13 000 imigca, 800 kumabala emidlalo amakhulu ezahlukeneyo ohlobo ezimangalisayo yaye kungakholeleki Peruvian entlango, ungabona nenjongo iipateni. izilwanyana neentaka amanani Le elinesibini amathathu, phakathi kwawo:

• Ntulo meters 200 ubude, iteyiphu rough emendweni American, abalicekisayo abakhi, hayi baye baqaphela onomlinganiselo;
• intaka ngenyoka ilukhuni, wolula ku 300 m;
• condor imitha-ezilikhulu;
• vosmidesyatimetrovy yesigcawu.

Ukongeza kwezi imifanekiso ungabona intlanzi kunye neentaka, inkawu neentyantyambo, into efana umthi, ngokunjalo inani imitha-amathathu umntu, senziwa kwi yehewu, kwaye ezifana sicinezelwe kwenye kumathambeka yentaba.

Phezu komhlaba, onke la manani nto ngaphezu nangemivumbo ngamnye namanxeba. Babubone umfanekiso omkhulu nga kuvuswa kuphela emoyeni. Ezi iimfihlelo mkhulu kwimbali, iimfihlelo elidluleyo nangoku anifumananga iingcaciso zabo izazi. Njengoko kukho impucuko yakudala ndiza kukwazi ukwenza nemizobo enzima, yaye yintoni injongo yabo?

Iimpawu zemizobo Nazca

Aya imifanekiso yeentaka nezilwanyana ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo, ukusuka 45 ukuya 300 m ububanzi kumzobo umgca nentaba - .. Ukususela kowe-15 cm ukuya kwi-3 m Yonke imifanekiso lebyi ukuze sibonwe kwi Nazca swi udini lwalo ibekwe ngaphezu entilini umlambo Ingenio.

Phakathi iimpawu ezi patheni kungathiwa:

• ukwenza enye eqhubekayo, zange iqabele livale umgca;
• isiqalo nesiphelo emathambekeni zikwindawo kumgangatho emhlabeni;
• "Indlela yokuphuma" yaye "owongozelelweyo" iziphaluka imigca emibini ukufana;
• kukho elilujongano kwindlela egqibeleleyo phakathi iipateni igophe kunye imigca ethe ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu, zenziwe ngokungqinelana nemithetho engqongqo zezibalo, nto leyo echaza ngokuvumelana kwabo ubuhle;
• uphumezo ngoomatshini (ngaphandle umfanekiso monkey), nto leyo kubathintela amanani zezilwanyana nawuphi imibala ngokweemvakalelo;
• ubukho asymmetry, apho kungenxa ukungafezeki komsebenzi ukunyusa okanye kumzobo;
• ubukho sibezilayini ezidibanayo, kufana omnye imigca nentaba, nto leyo luchazwa ukuphunyezwa zeemilo entsonkothileyo yangaphakathi indawo.

Kokucingelwayo kwaye version

Ngubani na ke umbhali izidalwa ezimangalisayo ukuba entlango Nazca? Nangona izazinzulu angakha kuphela kwiinguqulelo zabo kunye nokubeka phambili yeengcinga ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ixesha elininzi ngo Kwingcingane geoglyphs imvelaphi komhlaba. Bacebise ukuba imigca ebanzi zasetyenziselwa moya impucuko komhlaba. Noko ke, le hypothesis yinto eninzi iintshaba ezityhala ingxoxo yakho enamandla kakhulu - imizobo umlinganiswa. Ewe, ukuba mihle kwaye ubungakanani bomhlaba, kodwa ibali labo uthi ukuba zenziwe ngabantu, hayi njengabaphambukeli.

Noko ke, kule meko, kusekho iimfihlelo ezininzi engekasonjululwa. Hayi indlela ayaziwa kuthi iinkosi bakwazi ukwenza umfanekiso omkhulu kangangokuba ibonakala kuphela emoyeni? Yini na ukuba benze oko? Zeziphi iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ukugcina inani imifuziselo ezinkulu?

Cingela ngemvelaphi imizobo kwi Nazca azifani, yaye ezinye zazo kwakuhle. Noko ke, kukho phakathi iinguqulelo nabo bafanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekhoyo.

Ngoko ke, ngokutsho kwabanye abaphengululi, yonke inkqubo wezintlu Nazca i ikhalenda enkulu. Omnye kuqala ukubeka phambili eli cebiso Paul Kosok. Le Isazinzulu waseMelika kuqala ukuze ufumane imfumba obufihlakeleyo ezahlukeneyo iimilo kunye nemigca. Ubomi bakhe bonke emva koko yaba enikelwe ngokwenzeka nemfihlo entlango Peruvian. Xa Kosok waphawula ukuba ilanga litshonile ngokwayo ekudibaneni kwe kolundi nomnye imigca tye. Kwakhona ibonakele kunye band ebonisa inkcaso eqhelekileyo. Kwakhona, kukho ingcamango Kosok ukuba amanani ezithile kunxibelelana abo okanye ezinye imizimba yesiqalo. Lo mbono uye waphila ixesha elide. Kwaye uxhaswe izazinzulu ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle evela ehlabathini lonke. Noko ke, kamva kubonakele ukuba ipesenti lomntu Nazca imizobo kunye iiplanethi ezithile lincinane kakhulu ukuba ukuqhuba inkqubo kwikhalenda.

Kukho kwakhona enye inguqulo zincomeka kakhulu. Ngokutsho imigca zakhe Nazca libonisa indawo kwenkqubo ebanzi phantsi Umsele wamanzi komhlaba. Ukuxhasa le hypothesis kukuba indawo equla yamandulo ingqamana lemba nangobetho emhlabeni. Kodwa mhlawumbi oko kwenzeka kuphela nje.

Mhlawumbi ngenjongo Nazca Lines i mlinganiswa lenkundla? Le bemba bezinto zakudala baye bafumana kule ndawo imifanekiso zamandulo zokungcwaba yabantu nezibingelelo. Noko ke, zonke izinto isiko kwakhiwa kusoloko ngendlela kungenza abanye iimvakalelo kwaye zichaphazela lo mntu. Amanani nje zingajongwa kuphela ukusuka kubude, akukho iimvakalelo kwabo phezu komhlaba, ingabi mhlophe.

Enoba oko, lowo odale ezi manani emangalisayo, yakwazi ukuba ngandlel 'ngapha emoyeni kunye ngokuphawulekayo abemi emajukujukwini. Mhlawumbi abantu bamandulo bakwazi ukwakha iibhaloni luyanyuka kuzo?

Zonke yeengcinga ekhoyo de iye uluntu ukuba imfihlelo Nazca entlango. Mhlawumbi kungekudala izazinzulu ziya kuphendula umbuzo malunga ngemvelaphi lwelayini ezimangalisayo? Okanye mhlawumbi imfihlelo iya kuhlala engekasonjululwa ...