Umfanekiso we "bottom" kulo mdlalo "ezinzulwini Lower" Gorky

Umdlalo "ezinzulwini Lower", yabhalwa Mxim Gorky (Alekseem Maksimovichem Peshkovym) ngo-1902, lo wesibini emgceni emva umdlalo "AmaFilisti" (1901). Ehlabathini siyavunywa indalo best ezinkulu lombhali. Le isiqwenga ibhalwe kubomi eziphathekayo, "abantu zangaphambili", uwazi kakuhle zombhali. In Nizhny Novgorod Gorky zokufihla amehlo yabona AMAGQABAZA ▸ phantse zonke umdlalo amaqela. Ngamnye kubo kubalulekile ukubonisa ingqiqo jikelele, lenze olwalo "inyaniso" wayo ukuba yahlukile kwezinye.

"Abantu uMbumbi '

Isibakala sokuba uninzi abalinganiswa usebenza - "Abantu zangaphambili" - kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngamnye kubo kanye umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu, enza indima eluntwini. Ngoku, endlwini lamagumbi, umahluko phakathi abalinganiswa bucinyiwe, bonke bephela - abantu abo, ndayihluthwa ngomlinganiselo othile sobuntu. Ukuze siqonde umfanekiso kwi "bottom" kulo mdlalo "ezinzulwini Lower", oko kuyimfuneko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo kule nxalenye abadlali bayo.

Iingxaki ze umdlalo

Umbhali igxininisa ongazanga kwi iindima zentlalo, kodwa kwi-jikelele, le nto ibalulekile kuba uninzi iimpawu lokuqonda koluntu. "Yintoni abanceda kuthiya ubomi?", "Indlela ukufumana isidima?" - le mibuzo ufuna impendulo Maksim Gorky. Ngoko ke, umxholo walo mdlalo ayiphelelanga kwimiba yezentlalo, kubandakanywa i-bulumko kunye yokuziphatha. "Ezantsi" - lo emazantsi wobomi kwi ebanzi ngengqiqo, ngengqiqo yokuba yobukho bomntu ngokubanzi, hayi nje kuphela kwiimeko zentlalo.

Umfanekiso we "bottom" kulo mdlalo "ezinzulwini Lower"

kuluntu Russian Ekuveleni iinkulungwane, wayesazi kakuhle ezayo intlekele lwentlalo ezoyikekayo. Xa umsebenzi wakhe umbhali kuye zazibonisa imeko yehlabathi owayephila ngezandi YeApocalypse. Heroes, siphila 'emihadini "kunye izisele, silindele ukuba iMini Yomgwebo. Le yobomi uhlobo lovavanyo: Ngubani na okwaziyo uvuko kubomi obutsha, yaye ngubani ekugqibeleni bafa.

Yokomfuziselo, iziqwenga isandi YeApocalypse ingakumbi wakuva ezinye theatre mihla kunye nomlawuli film. Ngenxa yoko, abaqalise eMoscow Theatre South-West (umlawuli valeriy Romanovich Belyakovich) गर्नुहोस् qalela iba kwindawo emnyama kunye imiqolo engenanto kabini-ubuthwele kwibhanka ukulahlekelwa imiqondiso zasekhaya. Bonke abadlali banxiba iingubo ezimhlophe kunye umnqamlezo pectoral, ngokungathi phambi ngoMhla woMgwebo. Stroke umdlalo bahlangabezana imiboniso "ebomini": flophouse zizaliswe "engaphaya ingcwaba" kunye ukukhanya blue nentshinyela yomsi, kwakunye nabemi bayo, waza ngesiquphe kuwa cwaka, njenge alele, baqale kuqengqeleka phezu silala kwaye baqale banciphe ngokungathi ngeentuthumbo zabo ezimbi amandla ezingaziwayo. Umfanekiso we "bottom" kulo mdlalo "iinzulu Lower" kule ngentetho yanda kakhulu, ukuya ngaphaya imeko yoluntu.

Umqondiso kunye ngokoqobo kumsebenzi

Sound olube yimpumelelo imisebenzi enxulumene kunye nokuzinikela kwi umfanekiselo siseko ngokoqobo lwentlalo kunye nasengqondweni. Ngakumbi kakhulu weva komxholo othi "emhadini", kwigumbi elingaphantsi njengomfuziselo ukuthotywa ngobukho abacinezelweyo kwabantu. Apha ibonakalisa kuphela iinyaniso zobomi (amahlwempu eRashiya ngelo xesha ngokwenene baphila kakhulu kwigumbi elingaphantsi), kodwa ke into eninzi kakhulu. Gorky wayefuna ndoda umongo "kaThixo", waphinda deed "kaThixo" kwi moya ngokomoya. Ukuze wenze oku, Noko ke, kwafuneka ukuba enze isenzo kabuhlungu kwaye zintsonkothile lovuko umphefumlo wakhe. Nje kwenzeka ngoko nakwiingqameko zalo ilitye embhoxo a doss indlu lalingumqolomba engcwabeni kaKristu. imifanekiso olulongezo ( "ezinzulwini Lower") isekelwe sothelekiso umlinganiswa yebhayibhile, ukukwazi ukuba njengaye.

Abantu "man"

Kwigumbi elingaphantsi umntu iphoswe ngaphandle kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuhluthwa impahla kunye nolondolozo, ubume ekuhlaleni, ngokufuthi igama. Uninzi personae dramatis kuphela amagama, ngokuchaza imifanekiso amaqhawe "emazantsi". Kukrakra) sidala gallery zabalinganiswa: umdlali, uBaron, Curve Craw, intlama, ukubola. Kubonakala kuphela ukufana wahlala kwaba bantu. Umbhali, ukubeka le experiment ngokwasengqondweni kubalinganiswa yomsebenzi wakhe, ufuna ukuba sithi, nangona kokuwa ubunzulu "Abantu zangaphambili" Nangoku igcinwe ngumphefumlo ophilayo yaye lingenza "uvuko."

umfanekiso inkqubo "ezantsi ubomi 'kuquka olunye uhlobo. Abameli "top", ihlabathi "iinkosi" nadpodvalnogo - Kostylev, umnini-ndlu zokulala, a bloodsucker kunye prude, umfazi wakhe, Vasilisa, behlohla nesithandwa sakhe Vaska Uthuthu kokubulawa komyeni wakhe - iboniswe angakwazi imvuselelo, ekugqibeleni babulawe. Icaca elinye ibinzana elithi "twisiseka 'ukuba uthi uLuka umdala:" Kukho - ngabantu, kwaye kukho - ezahlukeneyo - namadoda ... ". Emva koko uchaza Kostylev ukuba "abantu" - abo umphefumlo wakhe ifana ngumhlaba otyebileyo kulinywa, nako ukunika amahlumelo amatsha.

Nangomlilo of "bokwenyaniso-bobuxoki '

Alekseya Maksimovicha Gorkogo - umbhali kunye umntu - soloko utyiwa unsolvability nokuchasanisa "inyaniso -. Ubuxoki" Ukuthelekiswa "iinyaniso" ezimbini - enye into intloko yabantu lowo okuvuselela amandla ngqangi amanga intliziyo umdlalo "ezinzulwini Lower". Imifanekiso ka Baron, amangolwane, Bubnov, Uthuthu ezi abathwali inyaniso ekrakra, kunye nokungeniswa umbhali kwayo esityalwe omnye odumileyo Satina ( "Yonke - umntu, bonke - kuba abantu").

Dostoevsky wakha wathi xa kwafuneka akhethe phakathi uYesu Kristu inyaniso, wayeya ukhethe uKristu. Wakhethwa ukuba Nastya, uLuka, actor, kunye nabanye. Imifanekiso amaqhawe "ezinzulwini Lower" ubukhulu becala iphawulwa ukuzinikela kule mbono okanye ezinye (Baron, Bubnov, kwezinambuzane, Ash). Aleksey Maksimovich njengoko ubuchule babo, kwaye ingakumbi umsebenzi ngokwawo, wathi ngokwenza ukhetho esixhasa womntu.

Indlela abafunda nabagxeki

Nangona impumelelo enkulu lomdlalo "Kwi emazantsi", umbhali wayengekho ndonwabile kunye yokuba ekugqibeleni wavuka. Waqonda yi indlela uninzi abagxeki kunye noluntu, ukuba umshumayeli "ubuxoki athuthuzelayo" ULuka lafika mzobo ubalulekileyo kwaye kakhulu, nto leyo wafunyanwa umdlali befanelekile. Ngamafutshane kamva kunye nodliwano-ndlebe Aleksey Maksimovich wabalahla 'ubuxoki "ULuka, kodwa kuva, mhlawumbi wamthanda. Ngoko ke, indoda endala yaba ziyaphikisana kangaka into engaqhelekanga. Xa ingozi "ubuxoki athuthuzelayo" Ubukrakra wabongoza abafundi phantse ukuba kukuphela kobomi.

isiphelo

Gorky akwazi ukubonisa enye yezona zinto ibuhlungu kwaye ayingozi psychology komuntu - ukunganeliseki kunye nenyani ugxekwa yakhe, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuxhomekeke uncedo ngaphandle, bubuthathaka kungenzeka yokuhlangula "imimangaliso" nokuhlangulwa Ezimbandezelweni, ukungafuni ukuba noxanduva ubomi babo yaye abo ukuyenza loo nto. Oku "bottom" kanye yobomi, esenokuba omele nawuphi iklasi okanye isikhundla ekuhlaleni. Kuba abantu abanjalo, "bubuxoki yintuthuzelo," ULuka kuyingozi kwaye iyingozi, imbala (khumbula umdlali lowo kuzixhoma ekupheleni umdlalo), njengoko inyaniso, leyo ke kungekudala emva koko kuya kufuneka ukuba nazo, ayikho egqibeleleyo yokuchitha kangaka.

Ihlabathi ububi, yaye oko kufuneka makabuzwe, kwaye zingakubaleki kuye ehlabathini amaphupha kunye neminqweno. Abantu abakhetha fiction buthathaka. Bona umelana kwenziwe ngakumbi kubomi ingaphatha inyaniso. Aleksey Maksimovich limi sezifundo lokwenyaniso, ebonisa amehlo le ndoda ukuba imeko lokwenyaniso yezinto, hayi clouding amehlo akhe izithembiso idolo, ngokusekelwe kwi - ubuxoki, ongcolileyo emntwini.

Umfanekiso we "bottom" kulo mdlalo "ezinzulwini Lower" - enye imifanekiso zinamandla ngemisebenzi umbhali, apho abafundi nabagxeki kubuya kwakhona kwaye kwakhona, ukuzoba iingcinga, iingcamango kunye nenkuthazo.