Umculo yobuciko

Yintoni i "sobuciko"? Yobuciko - le isacholo, nto leyo eye i imilo engaqhelekanga (in ukuguqula agama ukusuka isiPhuthukezi). Ngo-Italian eli gama lithetha "engaqhelekanga, engaqhelekanga." Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akukho yinguqulelo, kodwa isibakala sokuba ixesha le ezimbejembeje, nto leyo ethatha ixesha ukususela 1600 ukuya 1750., Ngaba ekuqaleni ukusasazeka impucuko yaseNtshona eYurophu.

Ngeli xesha, ngoko ngokuba "ezimbejembeje" bayancokola bala ngokupheleleyo, nokuba yokungazi yaye nezobundlobongela. Umfazi, umzekelo, kwafuneka ukuba luthuthu, ukutsala ibe corset, umbala - iinwele ethelekelelwayo. A isondo yaba ngobukhulu engakholelekiyo. I sex female ukuba izangqa ephezulu isongwe, nasemihleni zasehlotyeni ezishushu, ukuba ugcine ulusu emhlophe. Ngapha koko, i-tan encinane waba incasa embi.

Madoda luck akukho ngcono - iwigi inyanzelekile phezu kwentloko yakhe, akukho Mthovu okanye kusesilevini - kuphela ubuso lokucoca uchetyiwe. Kunyanzelekile ukuba sisebenzise ivumba kunye nomgubo wena.

Ukuvela iindlela ezintsha kunye nobuxhakaxhaka waba uhlobo 'dubulo "ngexesha ezimbejembeje. Le umculo waqala ukutshintsha lukhulu. ngcembe umculo uyakhala baqalisa ukuba kwizikhundla zabo, enika indlela eya isixhobo. Oku negalelo buthathaka zeCawa yamaKatolika ulawulo lomgaqo-nkqubo (i Renaissance). Yaba ngeli xesha kwaye wazalwa umculo yehlabathi.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, uluntu lifikile into yokuba isandi beneempahla zokuvuma baqalisa ukuba bahlanganisane ukuze elilodwa, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela bands, nangona abasakhasayo hayi ibinkulu kweli xesha lethu. Ikonsathi lokuqala umculo ibandla kuphela.

Kuthathwa ukuba intsingiselo yokuqala yeli gama "ikonsathi" intsingiselo yomzabalazo okanye umahluko.

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa umculo inkcubeko ezimbejembeje likwazile ukuguqula iimbono ezininzi umculo, ukwandisa kakhulu izakhono zalo.

Ekupheleni kwale xesha, yaye kwakukho abaqambi ezimbini ezinkulu - Corelli kunye Vivaldi. yokufaneleka wabo ukuba zikwazile ukuseka nokubethelela ikonsathi, bemka ngaphaya ibandla. odlala ngamnye ithuba ukusebenzisa ekonsathini ukubonisa izakhono zabo.

Akubalulekanga ngaphambili, malunga nowama-1600, ekuqaleni wokuzalwa kwexesha ezimbejembeje, abaqambi ezimbini ezinkulu - ezizezi, vayimeri kunye Monteverdi wabhala opera yokuqala kwabavela incasa kunye nezangqa zehlabathi kangangeminyaka eliqela kuye kwaqatshelwa ngokungena fashion. Isiseko kwisiqwenga opera awayemi ntlandlolo intsomi yamaGrike okanye yamaRoma. Eli nyathelo lokuqala kumculo ezimbejembeje.

Opera - lwedrama ngokohlobo lobugcisa, iye waphefumlela Abaqambi ukuya ekuphunyezweni iindlela ezintsha umzekeliso iimvakalelo zabantu kwi isandi somculo. Ngamafutshane, le opera yayisetyenziswa nefuthe kurhulumente nangokweemvakalelo kumphulaphuli, umgomo yakhe ilalela.

Ngenxa umsebenzi Rameau, Purcell kunye Handel opera lwandile kummandla eFransi England.

England negalelo kwixesha ezimbejembeje, esivumela uphuhliso oratorio, nto leyo yahluke kancinane opera. Oratorio - isandi umculo, eli nqanaba libizwa ezingahambi inyathelo. Ngokufuthi, le oratorio yayisekelwe imibhalo yonqulo okanye amabali. Umzekelo ukuze ibe oratorio "Mesiya", eyabhalwa ngu Handel. Opera sele uhlobo isigaba sesibini umculo ezimbejembeje.

Kodwa Germany opera "akazange nje", ngoko abaqambi yaseJamani wahlala kwi sakhe - ukubhala umculo elilungiselela ibandla.

Enye ezaziwayo-kakuhle, nditsho umqambi mkhulu kwexesha sobuciko uJohann Sebastian Bach. Waya umculo eziliqela abayinqobo kuye, Usihlube kulo amathuba obungenasiphelo phantsi ekudaleni imisebenzi. Kuyinto ngenxa Bach, lo Sonata kuqala, kukho harpsichord, into eyayiza ipiyano, waba isixhobo enkulu somculo.

umculo yobuciko wadlala indima, iyenza igagasi, evumela ukuba ukuya ngaphaya ibandla baze baqalise uphuhliso lwabo kwezinye iindlela.