Umbhali Old Russian Daniil Zatochnik: biography, imisebenzi

Daniil Zatochnik - ngumbhali omnye imisebenzi idumileyo ncwadi yamandulo. umsebenzi wakhe na ingxoxo lwesayensi, ifakwa kwinkqubo yemfundo kumasebe kwimbali. Isizathu soku sengqondo amanga neqiniso ukuba umsebenzi wakhe - lelona lesikhumbuzo aqaqambe ukuya ixesha, ebonisa ingcamango ummeli kwezakhi phakathi yoluntu.

iibhayografi emfutshane

Daniil Zatochnik, ogama engobomi phantse ayaziwa, mhlawumbi kwafika evela kubantu ngandlel 'ithile ukuba yokwenza inkonzo yenene. Ubuncinane, ngoko utsho isininzi mbali. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ichule kwishishini lakhe, kodwa iingcali ezininzi idibane kwinto ukuba kufutshane layo kwisikhulu kaThixo, ngokuba imisebenzi yakhe utyhila ulwazi malunga nendlela siyaya kwi abalawuli izinto.

Zesayensi, wavakalisa uluvo lokuba mhlawumbi waba lilungu le kumaqela junior, abanye zibonisa ukuba umcebisi kumthetheli (i Duma ngesigama yamandulo). Ke intabalala ulwimi oluthethwayo, aphorisms nabantu, izafobe kwiincwadi zakhe kungqina isibakala ukuba kufutshane kuluntu lwesizwe. Inkoliso mbali bayavuma ukuba ngozalelwe kuloo mzi Pereyaslavl. Imisebenzi yakhe wayebhekisela umlawuli mzi. Kamva, yena asekuthinjweni, entolongweni, okanye ecinga ngokuzithandela yi ngebhaxa Lache-i-Lake (kummandla Olonets). Kwenye yemicimbi yemihla kukhankanywa ukuba le yeyona ndawo waphila. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba Daniil Zatochnik wayephila ngenkulungwane ye-12, kodwa ezinye ziquka iminyaka yobomi bakhe ngenkulungwane ye-13.

iimpawu imisebenzi

Lo mntu wamkhumbulayo ngenxa imibhalo yakhe, ukuthandana, umxholo nolusasebenzayo nangoku impikiswano phakathi neengcali. Abaphandi abakwazi isigqibo sokuba ezimbini lesikhumbuzo emidala kabani ubuqambi kubalelwa kuye, ukubhala, kodwa izintlelo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa nangoku imisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngomnye wabantu ezahlukeneyo. "Umthandazo" Daniila Zatochnika - eli isibheno kwisikhulu, apho ekungxolisa ngento isiphelo obunjani ngokungenabulungisa wakhala yelishwa lakhe waza wacela ngumlawuli wabo ukuba amncede ukuze buncothulwe ububi, njengoko akubeka. A phawu uphawu litye lesikhumbuzo - kukuba kwaqala ngokucacileyo wavakalisa ingcamango iimfuno kunye neminqweno yezikhulu ephakathi. Ubuncinane, yiloo nto izazinzulu abonakalise ezi mithombo. "ULizwi" Daniel Zatochnik yobhalo kufutshane ukuba uthe umthombo, ngoko bavame ingqalelo xa iyonke. Noko ke, kunzima ukuchaza imihla ukuqulunqwa le misebenzi.

Ixabiso kule ncwadi

Le misebenzi ke athandwa kakhulu eRashiya: bona yayilingana, fakela kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo waqonda njengomthombo ubulumko bobuqili. Ezi iyaxela ezahlukeneyo kwaye izaleko kunzima kakhulu ukuchonga ikhowudi yemvelaphi yokuqala, ukanti mbali ngokutsha ngokubanzi ezi zodumo kwifom yabo yokuqala. "Umthandazo" Daniila Zatochnika na, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, iingcinga ezininzi umdla lesikhumbuzo journalistic elihle kamva nempembelelo uphuhliso sezingqondweni lwentlalo. Le meko ucacisa oku ngomdla lesikhumbuzo, kuba uhlobo usisithunzi wemidla kunye neemfuno omnye iindidi eziphambili Russia yamandulo.

ulwimi

style ibali kukade icangcisiwe isifundo umdla mbali ezininzi njengoko ibonisa uluhlu lweenjongo umbhali. Kukho ezivela YeZibhalo Ezingcwele kunye nezinye ezaziwayo-kakuhle iincwadi ezi zenzo. Daniil Zatochnik kubonakala indoda efundile kakhulu kwaye kakuhle ukufunda. Yena wavuma ukuba uyakuthanda ukufunda, oko ufumana intuthuzelo yayo. Xa imveliso kukho iingcaphulo ezivela kwezinye imisebenzi. Oku kubonisa i erudition enkulu erudition umbhali. Noko ke, ngokuntsonkotha ezininzi aphorisms, apho umbhali ubiza ubulumko behlabathi. Umxholo we "Ekhunga" Daniila Zatochnika umdla ngengqiqo ebonisa umbono ebanzi lombhali.

Ukudityaniswa uphindo ncwadi kunye namazwi ethandwayo zingqina ukuba umbhali yi ulwazi ogqwesileyo isimbo yoncwadi, ngokuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, Wayekwiqela abafundile labantu. Kwakhona wabhekisela yaye wacaphula iindinyana "Izbornik" - umsebenzi elibhaliweyo 1073. Artwork ukusuka kwindawo lungelelanisa iimbono nalo kakhulu umdla kakhulu: oko kuquka ukuthandaza, isicelo, isicelo, kwaye ngexesha elinye iqulathe uvuthondaba, ukuhlaselwa iphamflethi, iimfundiso, imizekeliso.

abamkeli ingxaki

Inzululwazi ayenziwanga umbuzo kanye eyathi isincoko yakhe Daniil Zatochnik. Kukholelwa ukuba ushicilelo lokuqala eyayibhekiswa unyana wakhe Vladimir Monomakh, Yaroslav, kodwa izazinzulu ezininzi phikisa oluguqulelo, ekholelwa ukuba oko wathunyelwa Yuriyu Dolgorukomu kunye umzalwana wakhe Andrey Dobrov. Relative ukuba uhlelo lwesibini akukho umahluko ezinjalo. Inkoliso ababhali ayaqonda ukuba umyalezo kwakuthetha isikhulu, owayelawula Pereyaslavl.

nemeko yezembali

Ngokukhankanywa kungenzeka eloyisile AmaTatar zelizwe Russian kubonisa ukuba lo msebenzi yayibhalwe ngenkulungwane ye-13, kanye ngexesha apho kukho isoyikiso Mongol lokuhlasela. Daniil Zatochnik, ogama imisebenzi zibonisa zenene ixesha, inkundla kwitekisi, ngokucacileyo awasabela ngayo iziganeko ezenzekayo ngeenxa zonke kubo, yaye nangona entolongweni, waba abaziswe kakuhle, neliso elibukhali, nto leyo eyandisa ixabiso umthombo. Kulo umbhali ucela umthetheli ukubuyela ukuba inkonzo ibe umcebisi. Umbhali, nangona, athi ngaye ethethela athukayo, nangona kunjalo, kakhulu ngokucacileyo uyayazi ixabiso ulwazi lwabo. Oku kubonisa, koko, landa inani labantu abanezakhono abafundileyo ukuba iinkulungwane 12-13, indima yezikhulu phantsi Prince landa.

"Umthandazo" Daniila Zatochnika, uhlalutyo evumela ukuba uqonde ngcono ubume kuluntu yamandulo, i lesikhumbuzo iphawulekayo ixesha wafunda, kuba umbhali iye yabonisa zenene yokuma koluntu wamandulo kwiinkulungwane Russia 12-13. Kwi ineziseko zayo abafundi ukuba bagwetywe ukuba iklasi simelwe eve Mongol lokuhlasela. Xa umsebenzi wakhe kukho inkcazo yolawulo njengenkosana (umbhali uthetha Tiuna, njengenkosana ukulawula uqoqosho), ubume bentlalo (umbhali uthetha ryadovichah), kwaye kukho ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nolawulo grand (akukho kukhankanywa Manor kwaye ngumlawuli eyadini). Konke oku imizobo ezibonisa ubomi Old Russian kwinkulungwane ekhankanywe. Ukudala "Xikhongelo" Daniila Zatochnika - lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo hayi kuphela yemihla yamandulo, kodwa iincwadi lukazwelonke. Njengoko ilitye lesikhumbuzo yekhasi naye osisithethi iimfuno yezikhulu.

Umlinganiselo imisebenzi emibini

Sele ekhankanywe ukuba inzululwazi nangoku zisonjululwe umbuzo ezinxulumene ngayo ezi ezikhumbuzo ezimbini. Ngesayensi, kukho uluvo lokuba le yesibini ukhetho (elithetha "Umthandazo") lingqale ngakumbi yaye ezimbalini, kwaye oko kuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ukulandela bayahlelwa yombhali. Ngokutsho umongo, wabhekana Ukuhlaziswa izinduna okanye kuyo nayiphi na kuzo, ngokuxhomekeke. Ngokucacileyo, yena waye ubuhlwempu esemthethweni nokuphathwa ngoko ifuna ukukhusela nokuxhasa isikhulu. Ukongeza, kule ngobuwena yesibini ziboniswa inani amanqaku ngembali, ngelixa lokuqala khetho ngakumbi ngokubanzi, ngoko ukwabizwa ngokuba 'nguLizwi.' Yoncwadi wamandulo, oku kuthetha uhlobo, leyo ababephethe bexabana nasiphi na isihloko ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa interlocutor.

impembelelo ubudala

Umbhali wothulelw omnye umsebenzi - ". Tale of the Intshabalalo yelizwe Russian" Noko ke, le mbono ayikho naqiniswa ncwadi. Lo msebenzi yabhalwa emva kokutshatyalaliswa kumazwe Russian ye Mongol-nangezinto. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba umbhali lo msebenzi wayengumbhali South Russian. Le lesikhumbuzo, kunye nemisebenzi Daniila Zatochnika kufuneka kuqwalaselwa ngokwemeko iincwadi Old Russian, nto leyo kweli xesha akathandanga ngokucacileyo kakhulu iziganeko ezenzekayo ngeenxa zonke. ababhali babo echazwe kuphela iziganeko ezenzekayo ngeenxa zonke kubo, kodwa wabonisa isimo sabo ngakwabo, wabanika uvavanyo lwabo kwezinye iziganeko, baba bomhla. Omnye weyona mizekelo iphawulekayo - ukubhala "Tale of the Intshabalalo yelizwe Russian", ebhalwe ngenkulungwane ye-13, apho wavakalisa intlungu yakhe phezu ilishwa kwimimandla Russian imizi.