Umbhali IsiNgesi Shelli Meri: engobomi, ubuchule, ubomi yakho

mhlawumbi Zonke weva Frankenstein. Kodwa ceba oko, akwaziwa ukuba abaninzi. Siza kuthetha ngayo umbhali British kwenkulungwane yokuqala elinethoba - Meri Shelli (biography kunye iinyaniso umdla zilindele wena ngezantsi yobomi bakhe). Kubonakala ukuba idale lo mfanekiso limangalisa siba, nto leyo ngoku ukuze bahlale babexhaphaza Abenzi bemeko-bhanya kukududuzela.

Yayingeyiyo Meri Shelli?

Lo mfazi ebukekayo ezintle ezaziwa hayi nje kuphela ngenxa ubuchule babo kunye noveli edumileyo, kodwa ilenze umdla kwaye umngeni kunye amathuba obomi.

UMariya Young 18 kwi ukubheja George Byron kunye nomyeni wakhe wadala yehlabathi yokuqala inoveli zwe. Le waba waduma, kuba, enyanisweni, lazazisa uhlobo olutsha uncwadi.

Ke igama Frankenstein ezinxulumene ngabaninzi kunye iimovie ezoyikisayo. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba umfanekiso wadala yi izazinzulu ziyageza ndinyuke kuzinambuzane yovalo bengengabo "abantu movie", yaye eli nenekazi lihle ezinqwenelwa - Meri Shelli. Photo of portraits zakhe ingafumaneka kwi materials nqaku.

Kodwa hayi kuphela umsebenzi odumileyo uShelley. Abathandi izibongo Romanticism igama lakhe Qiniseka ukuba kukukhumbuza imbongi odumileyo yaseBritani romantic, umhlobo George Byron - Persi Bishi Shelli, naye, ngokutsho izimiso Romanticism, ubuhle oselula wabaleka endlwini kayise.

Meri Shelli: engobomi, isishwankathelo. ebuntwaneni

Umbhali wazalelwa kwindawo efanelekileyo ukuze ukumkanikazi elizayo yenoveli Gothic - kwindawo elikomkhulu Albion, eLondon.

igama lakhe elipheleleyo - Meri Uolstonkraft Godwin. Ngenxa nomyeni wam kunye nomyeni kuphela oyintanda, imbongi Persi Shelli, oko kwazeka ngokuba Meri Shelli. Iminyaka umbhali yobomi - 1797-1851.

Intombazana wazalelwa kwintsapho kakuhle eyaziwa ngexesha ezilwela Meri Uolstonkraft noWilliam Godwin, intatheli, edume anarchist layo kunye neembono kubukho bukaThixo. UMama umbhali elizayo ifile emva kokuba usulelo nzima ukuzalwa enzima, eshiya uyise abaziinkedama usana lwakhe kunye nonyaka emibini-a uFannie Mary (intombi yakhe luyinto wangaphambili).

Bawo, nangona buhlungu ngako ukufa nomfazi wesifuba sayo, kodwa kungekudala watshata kwakhona ummelwane wakhe - abe ngumhlolokazi uNkskz Umlazi, ngubani wayenabantwana ababini zabo. Intombi endala - Claire Umlazi - waba ngumhlobo kaMariya nkqu abaleke naye kunye nesithandwa sakhe eFransi, uze Switzerland, apho waqalisa ekukruqulayo eziliqela ukuphakama kwakhe nokuzingisa.

Nangona yokuba imfundo for girls ngelo xesha ke akufuneki ngokupheleleyo, uyise kaMariya wamnika isiseko ikhaya endilisekileyo ulwazi yanceda intombi yakhe ukufunda.

Shelli Meri. Uthando Escape

Xa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ubudala, wadibana imbongi oselula Persi Shelli. Njengoko biographers zithi ke kanye nomfazi wakhe uHarriet waya Godwin usapho evenkileni. Apho wabona uMariya kwaye kubonakala ukuba uzithandela intombazana ukususela kwintlanganiso yokuqala, kuba oko yaqala ngakumbi, ukuba kuvela khona, kodwa ngaphandle ngumfazi wakhe. Umtshato uShelley sele iqhekekile le seams, kodwa kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo yena bashiya konke wabalekela kunye UHARRIET eFransi. Apho wathabatha ukusuka ekhayeni lakhe ukuya impambano elinesithandathu uMariya uthando kunye naye. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa uthando, kodwa ngowona uphantsi luthando babuyela uyise umsunguli elizayo kwinoveli zwe. Kodwa ke, ukuba angala nakakhulu babini, yena buhlungu gqitha isenzo intombi yakhe, wathi yena angisafuni ukumbona.

Ke usapho kufuneka anikezele ngokupheleleyo uShelley. UMariya zingqondweni uthando kunye nomyeni wakhe ebizwa yaye abazange buhlungu ngayo ubomi yendlu yooyise. Nangona iinzame ilungise neentlobano noyise yenziwa kwixesha elizayo.

imbongi Romantic, umbhali kunye elizayo kuqala ziqondwe kakuhle kunye intw 'enye. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, benza ngaso linye baqala. UPercy, evakalisa kwimibongo yakhe uhlambulukile, uthando eqaqambileyo, iyasebenza ngqo nje kakhulu malunga nokukrexeza Bothuka, ucatshukiswe Shelli Meri. Noko ke, loo nto iye igcinwe uthando nokuzinikela nomyeni wakhe ubomi.

Ukukhula noSapho

Zolutsha naye ixesha lokuvuthwa ukuba ngumbhali ekrakra. Wabiza indoda yakhe ayinakuba igosa iqabane lakhe lomtshato, kuba engenguye umtshato uHarriet. Imbongi Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukunika abantwana ex-nomfazi, plus mna Meri Shelli. Abantwana kubudlelwane babo bazalwa wafa, ubuhlungu ibhinqa enkulu abatsha. Kuphela unyana wesine ka umbhali - Persi Florens - wasinda waza wamhlangula unina wakhe lithemba.

Ngowe-1817, umfazi wakhe Shelli Garriet batshoniswe echibini. oonyana bakhe, uMariya kunye uPercy wayefuna yokuhlala, kodwa baye amarhe ezimdaka ukuze uluntu musa avunyelwe.

UDade Mary, Fanny, waba wazibulala. Kwa nje 19 Shelli Meri wabona ngokwaneleyo ukwazi ukuba ithemba, iintlungu, ilahleko, nesizungu ngokomoya. Kuyinto ezi mvakalelo yena waphefumlela bakhe hero-unjengengwenya kwinoveli.

indalo

Meri Shelli, owazalelwa kwintsapho abazali zinetalente free-yokucinga ayikwazanga andinyulanga indlela eyahlukileyo. Xa yakhe, nto badla ukuba ekubeni "iphepha deer" ebuntwaneni amabali ezahlukeneyo. Phambi kokuba inoveli "Frankenstein" kubhaliwe kwathiwa lukhulu. inoveli engagqitywanga kufuneka yabelwe phakathi umsebenzi wayo ekuqaleni, othi "Intiyo."

Young Meri Shelli (ngobomi bakhe lushwankathelwe ngentla) baye bamkela imizobo nomyeni wakhe, kodwa abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uPercy kakubi baphathwe umfazi amanyathelo ezimandundu kule ncwadi. Mhlawumbi woyika into uMariya siwele impumelelo yakhe.

Ukuba abangane Byron

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Persi Shelli waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni George Byron.

Half-dade , uMariya, Claire, waba ngobudenge uthando kunye inkosi entsha, lowo owayeza kuba nguyise ka Romanticism, kwaye ngokoqobo wamsukela. Akukho limsulwa ezahlukeneyo yokuziphatha yaye kungekudala basabela ethandana okukruqulayo namantombazana, baza baba abathandi. Kungekudala esi sibini kwafuneka intombazana - Allegra, bayahlelwa apho kungenxa ukuchitha kunye frivolity nabazali kwaba buhlungu.

Byron adityaniswe imbali "Frankenstein" Meri Shelli, njalo kwangethuba ukufa iyingozi of uPercy (wafa xa isikhephe yamfumana George Byron "Ariyeli") xa eneminyaka engama-29.

Imbali kwinoveli "Frankenstein"

Xa ufuna abathandi yokusabela uMariya uPercy safudukela eSwitzerland, ummelwane yabo isiphelo kwaba Byron. ebusuku Long zemvula yi izihlobo kweziko ukubalisa nganye namanye amabali eyoyikisayo. ukuba Ngenye imini bagqiba kwelokuba singenele ukubhala amabali ezoyikekayo. Ngenxa akwingxabano yaye wabonakala "Frankenstein" Meri Shelli. Umhla we "ukuzalwa" umsebenzi - malunga 1818.

"Frankenstein." Yintoni inoveli?

"Frankenstein" uye waba yinkokheli uhlobo Gothic kunye yenzululwazi ekwincwadi. Ngowe-1818 umsebenzi lwapapashwa ongaziwa. Kuphela ngo 1831 uMdali umnike igama lakhe.

Ngoko ke ngubani na lo Frankenstein, ogama lakhe laziwa ngempazamo lesiqhulo ndiyingwenya na eyoyikekayo, kodwa indlela abantu abanetalente waphefumlela ekudalweni abaninzi bhanya yesayensi?

Enyanisweni, Frankenstein - akukho ngwenya ngokwayo kunye umdali wayo.

Zezenzululwazi kunye uVictor metaphysician kunye negama sele eyaziwa wenza eksperimenti nzima kakhulu kwaye iyingozi. Wayefuna ukuba ukuhlola kwiimbombo ezininzi ezifihlakeleyo nenzululwazi. Xa waba nako nje wena ukuyityhila le mfihlakalo yobomi nendlela yokufa. Ulwazi wamnika ithuba lokuba ukuvuselela umzimba ufile. Zokulindela yokuvulwa ngqondi wakwenza wathabatha yoko, ukuba uyoyika ngoku yena. Ukuba, wenza zibonakala Isazinzulu yovalo ukuze asinde elebhu yakhe ngaphandle kwedolophu.

imveliso Isihloko Main Meri Shelli

Le ngxelo iqala ngala mzuzu xa wamazwe kunye prospector Walton wathumela North Pole. Apha endleleni efumana ekhempini nganeno ngaseludinini impambano umntu. Enqanaweni, uYesu uthetha eksperimenti wakhe ovuthayo.

Waba bakwazi ukuyila vusa ingxilimbela, kodwa ndothuke gqitha kangangokuba ndayiphosa elebhu wabaleka. Emva kwexesha elithile, uVictor efunda kokufa umninawa wakhe. UWilliam wabulawa ngokumasikizi. Kwaye nangona umgwinti sakhe isaziso umkhonzazana Justine, Frankenstein ebemazi lowo ityala ngokwenene. Lwesimo kubo kwaqinisekiswa xa ebuya ekhaya, wafumana gongqongqo yakhe.

Kwaye ngoko kwakukho ongumdali intlanganiso kunye isifundo ucwaningo zakhe. Ukwenza wandixelela ukuba ixesha elide babehlala koovimba ndodeni-nye, ukuze bafunde ukuthetha. Monster ngeyona lilolo yaye wayefuna ukwenza abahlobo kunye nendoda endala eyimfama. Kodwa abantwana xhego bamtyabula kakhulu, lenza uhlobo olubi. Iyisa lithemba, Monster wafumana idayari Victor, apho kwaye wafunda ngembali indalo yayo.

Emva kokuba incoko elide, eli rhamncwa wamcela ukuba ukudala i intombi. Baya kwisiqithi esikude, apho uVictor waya kusebenza. Xa phantse wadala indalo entsha, wabona ingozi manyano lwabantu ababini watshabalalisa "umtshakazi". Monster ngumsindo wasinda baxhela umhlobo osenyongweni Frankenstein - Henri.

Victor wabuyela ekhaya watshata uthando lwakhe lokuqala - Elizabeth. Ubusuku yomtshato kwigumbi lokulala kokuba singene rhamncwa babulala kuyo. Victor uyise wabulawa igalelo. Wafa ke yonke intsapho zezenzululwazi ngesiquphe. Frankenstein wafunga ukubulala gongqongqo, bagaleleka ukufumana waya North Pole. Beast unyamalele, kunye uVictor wafumana Walton. Imbali ndabanda umphandi wajika inqanawa yakhe umva. Endleleni, uVictor wafa, kwaye umphandi bakhe inqanawa ufumene ngokwayo isilo. Monster uvumile ukuba lizisole kwaye ufuna ukuzibulala. Nale isifungo emilebeni yakhe, wabaleka wemka enqanaweni.

Beka inoveli "Frankenstein" ezincwadini ehlabathini

Njengokuba besesitshilo, umsebenzi waba ngowokuqala kuhlobo wayo. Njengoko Edgar Allan Poe wadala uhlobo nomcuphi, njengoko Meri Shelli wabhala kwinoveli yokuqala Gothic ehlabathini. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wenza yegadi kwinkampani encinane, eliquka iimbongi Byron kunye uShelley. BaseRoma waba yimpumelelo entle kakhulu phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokupapashwa. Kwaye kule mini na salahlekelwa njengexabiso loncwadi kunye nembali.

Ukubhala ngendlela entsha ngokupheleleyo Meri Shelli, umyeni wakhe kunye nabantwana ezibe ukuze benze yakhe, ukudala inoveli yakho kwimbambano. Ngenxa yoko, wayibeka engcongolweni par kunye novelists ezikhulu uncwadi yehlabathi.

"Frankenstein" impumelelo yawo unyanzelekile wayekwazi imifanekiso zezenzululwazi brilliant, lowo unako ukwenza into enkulu ezibhaliweyo ngaphandle, kodwa akazange afumane amandla kuba noxanduva indalo yayo, nezilwanyana, nangona ezoyikekayo ujongo kunye nokubulawa egazi isandla sakhe, izibophelele abantu, efuna ukuba umhlobo nomthandi. Monster uyaqonda ukuba abantu akayi kwamkela oko, yena eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. ulwaphulo-mthetho lwakhe - ngaphakathi intlungu nokubandezeleka, nesingcikivo cwaka kuMdali, lowo ke baphathwa ngenkohlakalo kuye.

Umbhali ishiya imveliso lokuphela evulekileyo, unika ithuba abafundi ukuba bacinge ngoko kuya kwenzeka, isidalwa siba yanto. UMdali wafa, kodwa izenzo zakhe uya kuphila ndiyingwenya na, ngubani na uyazi ukuba ubunzima kwaye ibe buhlungu kwaye ifuna indawo kwihlabathi oluntu.

Ekuphetheni

Umbhali IsiNgesi Meri Shelli waphila ubomi ke zenimba ezo kunye namaxhala. Kodwa ikwazile ukugcina umphefumlo eqaqambileyo kunye nokholo nothando. Olo thando injongo yobomi bakhe. Egameni uthando vutshila uMariya wadala a inoveli ezimangalisayo Frankenstein kunye nokuwa kwakhe, ngubani na oya kuba kukuvuyela ungafunda kunye nokufunda.

UMariya efanele umfazi umbhali enkulu kunye nombhali abanetalente.