Ulawulo Geodetic: iimpawu

inkqubo yolawulo Geodetic i imilinganiselo odolwa kwaye izibalo kuvumela ukulawula ukuchaneka parameters ezingundoqo zejiyometri ngexesha lokwakha. Ingongoma ephambili yale misebenzi - ukubonelela zonke nokumelana eziyimfuneko kunye nemigangatho echazwe kuxwebhu kuyilo.

iimpawu nemigaqo

Injongo lokulawula ingaba izakhiwo kuphela, kodwa izakhiwo ababeqondisa noqhagamshelwano. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yovavanyo yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa umgangatho olufanelekileyo yonke imisebenzi yokwakha kunye ufakelo. ulawulo Geodetic lwenziwa ngexesha imisebenzi yokwakha uveza ukuba le parameters:

• ngqo nokubekwa kwezakhiwo, nocalu zabo zejometri iparameters;
• lungiselelo echanileyo zoonke isiseko eziphathekayo ngexesha ufakelo;
• afanayo izinto ukuzala, ezifana kwimiqolo neebhloko, iimfuno amaxwebhu zobugcisa.

Yintoni inkqubo

Ulawulo lweempawu ngasentla lwenziwa yi yokubala nezamazembe zezakhiwo kunye nezigqeba imida, ukuhlelwa ezizodwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imikhosi zeenkonzo zobunjineli ezenziwa ubeka injongo ezilawulwa izitampu ezizodwa izakhelo. Ngoko ke umgama phakathi kwabo ilinganiswa kunye nezixhobo eliphezulu-ngqo. Amaxabiso kuphumela ibhalwe iinkuni, ulwazi apho ke uba isiseko le ngxelo. Amaxwebhu ezifunyenwe kule ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uphephe iimpazamo kunokwenzeka ekwakheni lwezakhiwo.

Xa isixhobo ukuhlola lisetyenziswa kugxininiswa emxinwa, izixhobo umlinganiselo ophezulu nocoselelo kunye neendlela ezizodwa yokubala. amanyathelo kwenza kube lula ukubeka esweni ngokuchanekileyo iwonga zonke izakhiwo ukwakha iindawo.

indlela

Xa uhlobo imisebenzi yolawulo geodetic nga zohlulwa ngokwendidi 2: rhoqo ekuhlaleni. Indlela yokuqala sibandakanya ukuqapha yemihla ngemihla zejometri parameters eyimfuneko kwesakhiwo, kwaye khona njalo abaqeqeshiweyo kwi into. Olu khetho iingongoma ezinkulu ngokwayo kwizibonelelo ezinkulu-isikali, ezifana amabala kunye kudederhu lweevenkile enkulu, apho umthamo bomsebenzi owenziweyo zifuna esweni ngokusisigxina.

izakhiwo Local ulawulo geodetic kuthetha imilinganiselo lwangoku iparameters ezifunekayo izinto kwisiza. Loo ukhetho kuya kuba efanelekileyo umthamo bengabalulekanga umsebenzi wokwakha, njengoko ikuvumela ukuba ukunika imilinganiselo eziyimfuneko esemgangathweni ngaphandle ukutsala imali engaphezulu.

Le nkqubo amanyathelo

ulawulo Geodetic ekwakhiweni iquka izinto ezilandelayo:

1. Umsebenzi wokwakha lukhatshwa amanyathelo-2. Eyokuqala kuthiwa ulawulo olusebenzayo ndaqonda ukwakhiwa yokuphumeza. Okwesibini - iitshekhi indawo wenziwe ligunya isivumelwano kwinkqubo yokuvunywa yomsebenzi Isakhiwo esipheleleyo okanye kwesinye amanqanaba yokwakha.
2. Ezi ziphumo zibhalwe kwinkqubo zolawulo zokusebenza kufuneka ziboniswe kwi amaphepha kwijenali jikelele, kunye ebonisa imbopheleleko yenu amanani ukutenxa kule dimensions ziboniswe kule drafti.
3. inkqubo esweni Geodetic ibandakanya esweni ngendlela ukuthululwa iziseko eziphathekayo. inkqubo Concreting landulelwa yokuqinisekiswa zoonke formwork kunye wezifundo. Umlinganiselo umgama iziko amakhaka Imiphezulu kuthwalwa ithagethi; apho indawo ukuphakama ilawulwa yi inkqubo sokulinganisa.
4. Khangela iglasi ukusebenza isiseko udlula indawo esisigxina kwimigca kwiziko. Control lwenziwa yi indawo elibekwe axis kuthelekiswa imigca ezichazwe kwangaphambili.
5. Iyavumelana ukwakhiwa isiseko nemigangatho yobulunga ebhalwe kuxwebhu, nto leyo isayinwe ngummeli kweliso technical kwelinye icala, yaye ilungu obandayo kuthethwa sesinye. Ukuze enze yabhalwa izinto ubeko isicelo, nge apho ulawulo.
6. Inkqubo yokwakhiwa ntsika isoloko inophawu uhlalutyo negalelo lokuthotyelwa yeprojekthi yeendawo eziphakamileyo-ukuphakama. Columns eqinisekisiwe ukusebenzisa sokulinganisa osecaleni tye.
7. Ngexesha ukufakelwa iiyunithi ulawulo kwakhona wenziwe kwaye izicwangciso ukubekwa nkqo. Indawo olucwangcisiweyo umiselwa ngokuhlanganisa nezamazembe kunye nezamazembe iibhloko zokwakha iindonga. Kwi iibhloko nkqo lukhangelwe ukusebenzisa ilothe okanye inqanaba.

Ukulawulwa zokwakha eziphakamileyo

izinto High-ephakame ngexesha ulawulo geodetic zenza isigaba esahlukileyo. Iimpazamo ezenziwe ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo kunokubangela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Deformation kwezakhiwo ezinokubangelwa iimpazamo kuyilo, iziphumo zendalo kunye nempembelelo kweemeko zomhlaba. Ukugxininisa esweni iinkqubo deformation ezenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo iyonke yokhuseleko kusetyenziswa kuyilo.

Umbutho kolawulo geodetic lwenziwa ngendlela yokuba nokuba iqonga yokuyila izakhiwo ezinemigangatho ukulawula umsebenzi owenziwa ngaphi. Phantsi zokwakha geodetic iinjineli inkonzo iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye namaxwebhu kuyilo. Ukungenelela leengcaphephe nayo iyafuneka xa wenza eyinkunzi nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi nokomeleza isiseko. izixhobo ulawulo kule meko isekelwe kungekuphela technical kodwa iimpawu zejoloji site.

imisebenzi Geodetic ekwakheni izakhiwo ezinemigangatho zenziwa kuphela yi mibutho kunye mvume ezizodwa. Iingcali ezi nkampani kufuneka ngokukhethekileyo eqinisekisiweyo ukuphumeza imisebenzi efanelekileyo. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwa ukuba isakhiwo eziphakamileyo ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna inkqubo esweni geodetic.

Ukuthobela kunye nemigangatho yobulunga

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa lokukhutshwa Izakhiwo kunye namaziko umgangatho ifumene ingqalelo kwalo. Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa kunye nemigangatho ukuhlukunyezwa ngokuxhomekeke ngokuyimfuneko ukuze ukuguqula. Inyathelo lokulawula umgangatho lokuqala lokuhlolwa engenayo. iitshekhi anjalo zonke izinto eziza kwindawo yokwakha. Control ibonisa ukungqinelana neemfuno yokuthenga amaxwebhu yobugcisa, nokuba banalo izatifikethi eziyimfuneko. Kwakhona, ukuhlolwa engenayo utyhila iziphene eziveliswa ngexesha zokuhamba.

Isigaba sesibini uvavanyo kuthiwa ulawulo zokusebenza. injongo yakhe - ukufumana ukuphelisa ukungangqinelani kwinkqubo yemisebenzi yokwakha. Eyokuqala uzimisele ukuba intsebenzo kweprojekthi kunye nemiyalelo ezikhoyo. yokuqinisekisa olunjalo phantsi kwinkqubo yomsebenzi, ukuya kutsho ukothula kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo.

imisebenzi yokongamela

Indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ekuhloleni parameters zejiyometri izakhiwo idlala nolawulo lomgangatho geodetic. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ngokujonga isicwangciso umthombo weengcombolo, ukubeka esweni imeko ngethuba ibandla, nokuhlalutya iimpawu isakhiwo igqityiwe. Ekuhambeni zokwakha nazo ihlolwe kwaye nokukhusela isakhiwo umthwalo-langa. ukuqokelelwa kwedatha usebenzisa izixhobo ucando ikhutshwa phandle kuphela ezo izabelo izakhiwo, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchana wew geometry we ufakelo oluchanekileyo emininzi.

ukwamukela yomsebenzi

Inkqubo yamkelwe isakhiwo igqityiwe kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi yeprojekthi evunyiweyo. Ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na imfuneko ukulungiselela la maxwebhu alandelayo:

• imizobo olwalusele;
• iziqinisekiso zokundwendwela kwimveliso eziphathekayo;
• imiqulu engqina umgangatho zisetyenziswa xa ufaka ezisetyenziswa ziphele, ezifana electrode kunye zokubopha;
• nokuvavanywa kweelebhu amalunga welding;
• isatifiketi esiqinisekisa ziqu kwabasebenzi yokusebenza;
• iziphumo imilinganiselo geodetic;
• amaxwebhu ukuze ibandla iintsimbi.

Malunga nesiqingatha iingozi kunye neengxaki kunye nokusebenza izakhiwo zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka yenkqubo yokwakha. Uninzi lwezi iziphene asingabo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inkqubo yokuxhaphaza. Eyona njongo iphambili kolawulo geodetic izakhiwo lo ukubhaqwa kunye nokuthintelwa iziphene kwinkqubo yokwakha.