Iilori eSoviet: model iimpawu. Colchis, phambene, ZIL

ESoviet Union wadala inani elikhulu zombini imithwalo kunye ezithwala. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha iilori edume USSR.

Truck KAZ-606 "Colchis"

Kumaxesha angaphambili, ilizwe lethu ufuna ngamandla imoto ekwaziyo ukuthwala imithwalo emikhulu. Ngamafutshane, kule ngeelori. Imifuziselo truck eSoviet babe ngembali umdla. Kungenxa yoko le nto izityalo Kutaisi waqalisa imveliso ye imoto, kamva yaziwa ngokuba "Colchis". History of the iilori USSR iqala kwase thaca kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa zothutho, zaye zaqulunqwa ngo-1958. Kwaye kakade iimoto 1959 Kutaisi Automobile Plant zaye owaboniswa lo Mboniso ka-Impumelelo kwezoqoqosho.

isityalo lilonke thaca iintlobo ezimbini isithuthi, enye yazo yaba bead yaba shunqulelo KAZ-605, kunye nezinye yenziwa ngokwimiselo yeyunithi ugandaganda KAZ-ebizwa 606. Emva Ukuqhelana kunye neemveliso ze-Georgian Ministry of ngemoto kushishino imoto evunyiweyo imveliso lezibuko ngumzekelo enye kuphela. Kuqala yanikwa iprojekthi KAZ-606. izigadla Soviet, iitrektara isigadla zizizalise kwakhona.

isithunzi imoto

Car KAZ "Colchis" waba indawo omhle lomqhubi cab Injengokubengezela eyenza ukulawula uhlela yokuphumeza kwezithuthi lula. Ngokungafaniyo iimoto eziveliswe ngaphambili,-moya kwawo ngokuyinxenye ngamaplanga, ikepusi "Kolkhida" kwenziwe ikhabhathi ngentsimbi. -Moya, ngaphandle umqhubi, kwakukho omnye kuphela emotweni, kodwa zincitshiswe ubukho ebhedini amandla amancinane. Eso sigqibo ngelo xesha sokulwela inguqu kumashishini lweemoto yasekhaya.

Imoto akazange abe ukwesona njengesiqhelo, ngelo xesha kwakukho izinto ezintsha. Icandelo amandla phantsi imvula, kwamkelekile kakhulu ebusika zasehlotyeni kwamcaphukisa. Inkangeleko weloli wesimodeni kwaye ezinamagama, kuba abayili washukumisa indawo izibane ukuya ezantsi elorini.

Ilishwa isithuthi KAZ-606

Eyona ethile ibalulekileyo ilori "Colchis" baba breakdowns rhoqo nokuselwa aphezulu amafutha. A iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu imoto ukuchitha iilitha 50 zepetroli. Ngenxa ibekwe phantsi sekabhe unit samandla ehlotyeni ixesha elide kwaba nzima ukulawula esi lori. Kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba lobushushu eliphezulu elingaphakathi, kodwa ngenxa beqokelela zegesi zeemoto.

isiphelo

Nangona onke amancedo ilori "Colchis" akazange abe ethandwa abaqhubi. Kwaye bona bacinga ukuba ezinye iimodeli.

Truck "phambene"

Wekratshi Ushishino lweemoto yasekhaya ezidaliweyo ukususela ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Umsebenzi we-truck - ukususwa womthi ukusuka kummandla kwimveliso. Ngenxa kwizikolo ezikude leendawo ukuba iimoto "phambene" (imithi) ikhethiwe iimfuno ngenxa yokubona nokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zingqongqo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima iinjineli Soviet kunye nabayili ziye zafumana balihlangula kakhulu kwimisebenzi truck-ezirhuqwayo.

Izinto eziluncedo ugodo "phambene"

Timber babe okugqiba elinawo imveliso yasekhaya kunye nokuveliswa ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Xa matshini ezinjalo ilizwe usoloko kwakufuneka enobuzaza ngokukodwa, banikwa izixhobo ehlathini esisityebi. Iilori Soviet bekusoloko kukho imfuneko enkulu kweli nakwamanye amazwe.

inkalo noshowo amaplanga "phambene" yi ifomula ivili ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka 4x4 ukuya 8x8. Ngenxa le fomyula kunye patency edume kwaphunyezwa. Indlela yokuqhuba ishishini uluhlu lobushushu ngu -40 ... + 40 ° ^C. Le ukwahluka likuvumela ukuba koomatshini le hlobo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu.

wobude imithwalo esiphantse-25 leemitha. Trailer attachable ukuba amaplanga iyakwazi ukukunyanzela pivoting, nto leyo eyandisa uphume ngethuba zokuhamba. "Phambene" - imithi, nto leyo lixhotyiswe powertrains enamandla 200 enjini.

iilori iplanga Modern "phambene" zixhotyiswe nge ezikhethekileyo hydraulic umlayishi-eneqikili, nto leyo evumela ukuba athumele amaplanga ngaphandle nokuxakekisa crane. Uyilo kwenkqubo lift kunye nolawulo - ilula kwaye zithembeke. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuba ukunciphisa iindleko nexesha amahlathi imveliso.

I-injini ukuhambelana nemigangatho yaseYurophu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba imoto Oku ningalihlambeli okusingqongileyo.

Ilishwa ugodo "phambene"

Mhlawumbi zisasuka kuphela amaplanga "phambene" ziquka ukusetyenziswa aphezulu amafutha. Nangona, banikwe iimeko ukusebenza kula koomatshini, singatsho ukuba esi simo kakhulu zizizathu.

isiphelo

Developed ingqiqo elorini ukuthutha izibonelelo ehlathini, nto leyo efunekayo iminyaka yomsebenzi onzima, sisemi kwi wokunceda umntu. Imithi kuqhubeka ukwenza umnqophiso wayo emideni yonke eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Axhaphaza kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima, ahlala abancedisi ethembekileyo abantu.

iilori yokulahla eqine

iimoto Ukudala BelAZ, Autoworks Belarusian ejolise ukuqinisekisa nokususwa ngempumelelo kwezimbiwa ukusuka kwisayithi yemveliso. Ekuphuhliseni ingqiqo imoto enkulu kangaka, iinjineli kunye nabayili ndizuze amava gqitha kolu shishino. ilizwe lethu yaziwa ngokuba oluninzi zendalo gesi resources. Ukubonelela esemgangathweni nefanelekileyo buyo kweempahla ukuba umatshini kuphela ezinkulu nethembekileyo. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa ishishini lweemoto USSR ligqibe kwelokuba libekele amaziko imveliso uphuhliso kunye nokudalwa neelori ezinkulu umsebenzi emifanekisweni eqingqiweyo kweli lizwe. Ngoko kwakukho Belarusian Automobile yeziTyalo, leyo waqala ukudala izithuthi BelAZ.

Kuqalile 1948, imveliso kwiilori yokulahla yafumana uxabiso ehlabathini lonke. asakhasayo rhoqo kunye nokwazisa iiteknoloji ezintsha kushishino lweemoto, le mveliso iye yaba yenye yeenkokheli izithuthi ezinkulu.

Umntwana wokuqala Belarusian Automobile Plant waba bayinzala yokuthutha ngowe-1961 BelAZ-540. Eli rhamncwa ton-27 yaba ikratshi yabantu Soviet. Ekubeni ukuzakhela nomntwana wokuqala autoconcern BelAZ waqhuba inani elikhulu zovavanyo kuyimfuneko.

esemthethweni esebenza "umsebenzi" lakhe ngoku BelAZ-540A yaqala ngo-1965. Kakade ke, lo iilori ezindala Soviet, yaye kude nezigadla imigodi mihla, i entsha nto leyo BelAZ-75710. Xa ukufezekisa ngempumelelo Inkxalabo Belarusian azidalileyo mhlawumbi kakhulu umthwalo-nokuphakamisa truck lwemigodi ehlabathini. Ubunzima imithwalo abathuthwayo iitoni 450!

Nabaqambi BelAZ-75710 sele walungisa isicelo uluhlu lo mmangaliso kweteknoloji Guinness Book of Records. Enyanisweni, impumelelo yalo mfuziselo udibaniso lwamaxabiso wonke iimpumelelo kushishino lweemoto kule ndawo. abasebenzi Factory baye bazinikela iminyaka 65 zokuphuhlisa nokuphucula iimveliso zayo.

Umfuziselo mtsha wahlukile ukusetyenziswa sangaphambili kweevili ezisibhozo endaweni ezintandathu. Esi sisombululo bavunyelwe ukuba bathathe kwibhodi a payload enkulu. Ivula radius yale ingxilimbela imalunga-20 eemitha,, apho sicinga imilinganiso yalo, encinane kakhulu. Sasisebenza kunye iinjineli kunye nesithuthi uphume. Ukusebenzisa umgaqo nezamazembe ezimbini rotary, bakwazi ukuphucula uphume yonke lori.

kwenziwe umsebenzi Huge sele kunye oomatshini mveliso. Uhlobo unit amandla esetyenziswa yokulahla truck - diesel ngezibini. Amandla ezinikwa yi-mveliso yi 4600 l / s. Zonke iinkqubo BelAZ-75710 zaye phantsi maxesha ngokucokisekileyo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kwaphucula ukulawula iimeko uze ubambe imoto. Ukongeza, ukukhweliswa ukothula imithwalo, kakhulu, baba lula kwaye kube lula ngakumbi, ukuphuculwa ukhwele nangelori cross-lizwe. Sekratshi zobunjineli Belarusian, BelAZ-75710, kuye kwaba imoto kakhulu okunezakha-mzimba nethembekileyo.

isishwankathelo

Nangona ubukhulu obukholekayo ubunzima mkhulu, zonke element evenini phambi kwethu uyahlangabezana ukhuseleko ephezulu kunye nokuthembeka. Eneneni, kuba uluhlu "Iilori USSR" akayi epheleleyo ngaphandle BelAZ iilori yokulahla inkunkuma. Kodwa ukubuyekeza yethu ayipheli kulo matshini. Ngena ku.

Truck ZIL-131

Ngowe-1966, i imoto izityalo Likhachev (ZIL) waqalisa ukuveliswa ekubuyekezeni imodeli ZIL-130. Le moto yaba ntlango ilori ngcono xa kuthelekiswa izandulela iimpawu zayo. Plant abayili isigqibo sokushiya scheme kwebhonethi, ukuguqula kuphela iinxalenye ezinye ndlwana.

Pluses isithuthi Zil-131

Ngenxa sicatshulwa kakhulu phantse nasiphi ntlango ZIL-131 wayexatyiswa ezilungileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo amanqwanqwa ezenziwa ngabantu.

Iiyunithi kunye nendlela model uboniswa bekileyo kwiimeko iisampuli elidlulileyo, yala maxesha kwaye ngokuthembekileyo bakhonza ngakumbi.

Le moto yajika kuba ngokumangalisayo abakwazi ukunamathela. lobushushu Operating lebanga ngaphezu umxhelo. Zil-131 unako ukusebenza kwiqondo lobushushu ukusuka -40 ukuya +50 degrees Celsius.

Lo matshini isetyenziswa kakhulu iiyunithi zomkhosi kwaye wenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Xa noseko lwalo zadalwa ulungiso zezithuthi ngokuthutha kwazo abasebenzi kwimikhosi exhobileyo, amakhitshi intsimi kunye nezibhedlele mobile.

Ngenxa yokuba ZIL-131 bafakwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo kunye nezixhobo kunomathotholo. Imoto lalisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lweenqwelo njengoko isithuthi zokugcwalisa moya, ntaka kunye nezinye iindlela zokuqinisekisa iinqwelo mboni.

Lo matshini yayisetyenziselwa bezimbiwa yedeskthopi, ishishini lokwakha kunye imisebenzi nokususwa ikhephu.

Ububi ZIL-131

Xa nokubuyekezwa, oluninzi kumatshini ukudla. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa amafutha seelitha ezili-40 100 km ezingalunganga nganye ezi kunokuba eqhelekileyo.

isiphelo

Njengabo bonke izigadla Soviet ZIL-131 ifa eyakho "nomlinganiswa" yayo. Ukuthembeka kwezi zithuthi ayikwazi yathandabuza. Nanamhlanje, emva kwamashumi ezininzi, ZIL-131 kuyaqhubeka akukho msebenzi wayo elula.