Ukwakhiwa Rostov NPP. Le ngozi e Rostov NPP

Qala le Rostov amandla enyukliya liya kuba lelokuqala emva iChernobyl kwentlekele. Yonke le minyaka, amandla enyukliya wayesiya wayengenamali. Ekuqaleni silubaleke kwibloko yokuqala yale mveliso kwacetywa ekwindla ka 2000. Lo mhla sele ibhengeziwe ngenxa yokuba uviwo kweprojekthi NPP yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Resources zeNdalo Ecology ye-Russian Federation.

Imfuneko yokuba izityalo amandla enyukliya

Rostov Nuclear Power Plant - inxalenye Uqhakamshelwano kwingingqi North neAsia. It sibonelela kwizifundo 11 ka-Russia, phezu ummandla apho yezigidi 17.7 zabantu. Izifundo ezininzi kumaziko nee-arhente zikarhulumente, lubonise ukuba ulwakhiwo Rostov NPP kuyingenelo zombini ngokwezoqoqosho ngenkuthalo.

kushishino Ukubaluleka kwandisa nokuhla kwemveliso igesi yendalo, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba imimandla engundoqo kunye esemazantsi. esakhiweni Rostov NPP isakhiwo Jikelele unika ezahlukeneyo zezindlu block igunya elizimeleyo nganye apho imvelaphi inyuselwa khona reactor yenyukliya VVER-1000.

device amandla

block amandla ngalinye inezi reactor (B-320) kunye samanzi. Ukufudumeza medium wohlulwe iziphaluka ezibini:

• Radioactive. Oku kuquka iimpompo kanye reactor core, ajikelezayo, umbane umphunga, pressurizer.
• Non-radioactive. Oku kuquka ukufakelwa kwe-injini, asenokuncitshiswa namanzi, umbane zomphunga inxalenye imibhobho kokuxhuma kuyimfuneko.

Amafutha agcinwe kwi core reactor yenyukliya. Iqulethe 163 indibano ukuvelisa ubushushu. Ngaphakathi ifomu nganye tablet obekwe kwi U-235 (natyetyiswa kancinane uranium oxide). Iquka i Imikhumbi esingxotyeni etywiniweyo eyenziwe zirconium ingxubevange. Xa wesiphaluka njengesipholisi yokuqala ikhonza nesisombululo boric acid. isiseko sayo - kakhulu nyulu amanzi, xinzelelo kwi 16 MPA.

amanzi neutron esetyenziselwa transfer ubushushu kunye nenkqubo kade, unako ukufumana oluthandwa lobushushu ukungavumelani kwe a reactor yenyukliya kunye umqondiso "-". Yena yachaza uzinzo VVER-1000 kunye nokukwazi kwayo auto-ummiselo.

Kwaye yintoni a kwisikhululo?

Kwisithili Rostov NPP Isakhiwo yokwakheka wahlolwa kwi onobunzulu ngekhilomitha-12. Kuchongwe iileya ezimbini eziphambili: crystalline kusombiwa. Eyokuqala ibandakanya zeengxondorha kunye ubudala nangaphezulu ngaphezu Cambrian, kuqukwa ezahlukene ziitectonic plates kunye izikhewu zengingqi. Iintlobo yesibini ukhandwa Paleozoic Mesozoic kunye Cenozoic.

Isiseko zonke izinto ze -mveliso wenyukliya udlula kwi obambe nesanti, kwaye zisekelwe phezu clays Maikop. INKUNDLA amandla enyukliya yezityalo bobabo kwicandelo elipheleleyo ukuya kwisiseko crystalline. Uphando lwakutshanje baye baqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo alubonisi umsebenzi ziitectonic plates kwiminyaka million 300.

Ezifunyenwe yi-seismic iprofayile indawo ive iyangqinelana ematyeni awenziwa ludaka subhorizontal. Ke kaloku kolu qweqwe lomhlaba kule ndawo ihamba ngesantya ka 0 ... 4.5 mm ngonyaka. Uphando lamanani kwezinto ezithile komhlaba kunye emoyeni abakhange ezichongiweyo iimpazamo ziitectonic plates.

seismicity

Xa ukufunda kumaziko ngokukhawuleza kwaye kude kwemisitho engundoqo ziitectonic plates zadalwa Iimfuno Isiseko soyilo inyikima. amandla ayo amanqaku 5 periodicity - kanye kwiminyaka 500. Imigaqo kunye neempawu yenyikima iintlobo ezikhoyo ukuvumela ndawo ukuze iquke ummandla we ubukhulu inyikima 6, leyo kwenzeka kanye kwiminyaka 5 no-10 amawaka..

Ngokususela kwidatha afunyenwe kuyilo sifakwe seismostability 1 indawo ephakamileyo. Izibalo amaxwebhu eprojekti kwenziwa ngokuthi kususelwe ngobunzulu yenyikima ubuninzi amanqaku 7.

iimeko nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi

Exploration liqaphele ubukho bomhlaba aphansti-2. Kufutshane kumphezulu inwebu amanzi ehlabathini endhawini lonke. Ephanda iye yaqinisekisa ubunzulu komhlaba kwisiza sokwakha uhlalutyo Water 0,2-18 m. Kutyhilwa high isiphumo iyingozi eziphathekayo kunye nesinyithi.

I-akhwifa lwesibini ibekwe ngaphakathi kwimida into elizayo kubunzulu-6.8 ukuya 39 m emva kokugcwalisa. Tsimlyanskii ichibi umgangatho aphantsi komhlaba zaguquka ngokuphawulekayo ukuba mandundu: anda umxholo izimbiwa kunye ngokomlinganiselo sulphate. Kufutshane into phantsi ukwakhiwa ayikho imithombo komhlaba kunye umphezulu yamanzi, apho kukho ucingo sokubonelela yabantu okusela. Akukho zolondolozo, kunye nokwenzeka ukuba ukusetyenziswa enjalo elizayo.

ukuphepha

ukhuseleko Rostov NPP kuqinisekiswa inkqubo nezezithintelo ekufundeni ezahlukeneyo ukwanda kwemveliso radioactive kunokwenzeka. Iskimu protection:

• isakhiwo kwamafutha. ukubukeka kwawo esiluqilima isakhiwo esithile akavumi ukunwenwa iimveliso ezinobungozi.
• Kwavingcelwa zaphatha zirconium, apho uranium kuba tableted.
• Kwavingcelwa Imibhobho Udonga yesiphaluka yokuqala kunye isisombululo uzilungiselele zolwelo, kunye nezinye izixhobo.
• inkqubo kwasendaweni ingozi, nto leyo iquka ukuqulatha kwaye ibakhusela inkqubo zokuchela. Le isithintelo luquka uyilo enamandla kunye zokuphuma natywinwa, naqiniselelwa sicatshulwa abantu, impahla kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Konke oko lisebenzisana izinto radioactive, ibekwe ngaphakathi ukuqulatha. It yenzelwe kwaye ezakhiweyo kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuze ukumelana iintlobo iimpembelelo zangaphandle: a 7 point-inyikima uyilo eliphezulu, inkanyamba, kwenkanyamba, abethe emazeni umoya.

ukhuseleko kwimitha kokusingqongileyo nazo zibonelelwe iinkqubo umjelo eyahlukileyo, ukupholisa amanzi, njl njl .. noKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe zolwelo aqinileyo ukutshisa inkunkuma lwenziwa kwisikhululo. izibaso ezisebenzileyo igcinwa kumaqula ezizodwa kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu yaye uthuthwa ezikhethekileyo kwizikhongozeli zikaloliwe.

Inani leeyunithi

Rostov NPP amandla emiselwe udibaniso yokusebenza kweeyunithi amandla ngamnye. I wokuqala nowesibini kubo ukuvelisa umbane ku-1 GW. Kubonakala ukuba umthamo amandla enyukliya ngoku 2 GW. Ngo-2001 no-2010. ukusebenza kweyunithi yokuqala neyesibini Rostov amandla enyukliya ziye zaziswa.

Qala 3 Rostov NPP lwaqhutywa ngoNovemba 2014, kunye uquko kwinkqubo yamandla enobunye zenzeka ngoDisemba. amandla ayo aya kuchithwa kwi eCrimea, nto leyo lifumana ukungabi umbane.

Ngo-Februwari-Matshi, iyunithi inani 3 Rostov NPP wayeka ukuba lulondolozo lokuthintela ezicwangcisiweyo. Baba kwisebe kunye turbines kunye reactor, ngokunjalo kuzo zonke iivenkile. Le misebenzi - into efunekayo Inqanaba yesikhululo Ukulungiselela ukuphela at ngokupheleleyo.

Umsebenzi ngokwakhiwa kweyunithi yesine Rostov amandla enyukliya kwenziwa ngokupheleleyo. Okwangoku ukulungela ungaphezulu-50%. unit Power № 4 Rostov NPP icetyelwe ukuba ukuqala ngo-2017

Le ngozi e Rostov NPP

Agasti 6, 2014 ngethuba umsebenzi wokwakha kwi iyunithi ngamandla 3 Rostov NPP yaba sisiganeko esingaqhelekanga: ukuwa the samanzi ukusuka kwendyebo kwendwe buyo.

Imisela uluhlu ikhomishini ukuba oyena nobangela ngesiganeko ukufumana abo banoxanduva. A uphando iyunithi turbine iye yabonisa ukuba akukho yonakele. Le ngozi akazange kuchaphazela ixesha ukugqitywa.

Ngentsasa 11.04.2014 abahlali ezilalini nakwiidolophu izithili ezisemazantsi kummandla Rostov ufumane ukuphazamiseka ugesi. Iingxaki wavakalelwa abemi kummandla North neAsia. Ukukhanya wahamba emakhayeni abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-2.

Kamva ingxelo izizathu ngenxa yesehlo. On line kumzantsi umsebenzi wenziwe. Ngaxa ethile uthungelwano esizisebenzelayo kobonelelo ukusuka iibhloko yokuqala neyesibini samandla enyukliya. Xa amandla emfutshane amaxesha ziye kufakwa iintambo zothumelo spare.

Le ngozi akazange kuchaphazela indawo radiation yangasemva (zonke mali kuluhlu oqhelekileyo), akukho sizathu inkxalabo yabemi.