Mali (ilizwe). Yelizwe West Africa

Nganye lizwe a lot of iimpawu umdla kunye neenkcukacha. On namnye kubo onokumxelela lukhulu. Ingakumbi ukuba ezweni elikude exotic. Umzekelo, i-African Republic of Mali. Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngayo kuqala?

indawo okuyo

Khangela kwimephu Mali kunokuba entshona kwelizwekazi leAfrika. Eli lizwe ithatha malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi ezikwere zeekhilomitha, okanye mandithi - 1.24. Engamashumi amabini anesibini amawaka kubo baxakeke ngamanzi, yaye abanye - umhlaba. Ubungakanani lizwe inokuba uluvo ngcono ukuba uyazi ukuba ufana kwiRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika okanye kabini eTexas. Ubude umda yi amawaka asixhenxe amabini, anamanci mane-amathathu km. Ngakwintshona eli lizwe eSenegal, emantla - Algeria kunye Mauritania, ukuya ngasempuma Niger Burkina Faso, kumazantsi Mali - ilizwe Côte d'Ivoire, ngaphambili eyayisaziwa ngokuba Ivory Coast, kunye Guinea.

I-capital nommandla

Njengoko naliphi na ilizwe, e Mali kukho inkqubo entsonkothileyo sisahlula yolawulo. Kulo uyazimela kwi kummandla kwimimandla esibhozo. Iyunithi eyahlukileyo i likomkhulu Mali - Bamako. Iindawo zahlulwe kwizithili, ezo eli lizwe amabini anamanci asibhozo anesibhozo. Ukongeza kwicandelo lolawulo, kukho kwakhona zezo zeendawo abahlala kuzo. Nature Mali yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezintlanu eziphambili. Le entlango ukuya emantla kurhulumente, kummandla lenguqu - Sahel, iintlobo ezimbini Amathafa kunye kummandla ogudle umlambo eNiger.

pool Water

Umfula omkhulu kunayo na Niger, ophuma eGuinea, iwela kummandla Mali kwaye sibhekiswe ukuya emntla-mpuma. Ngokuhambelana kunye namasebe amaninzi, imijelo kunye amachibi, imigxobhozo. In ogudle na izigqeba ukuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okunkcenkceshela. Ekubeni Republic of Mali ise kummandla kunokuba owomileyo, ubukho zobunjineli ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Inxalenye amajelo zokunkcenkceshela ngumntu uphinda kwingoma kwimbali eNiger. Entshonalanga, kukho kwakhona umlambo Senegal, nto leyo ngenxa ngokudibana Bako kunye Bafing. Xa somfula wayo esibi kunazo Mali. Eli lizwe kwakhona waphawulwa ngezinto eziliqela weenduli. Ezintabeni ekumzantsi yelitye lentlabathi uba isakhelo se isitya esisemantla Niger Bani, nto leyo uviko.

ezintabeni

Ukongeza ihewu isandstone, kwintsimi kunye nakwezinye iindawo uyaziphakamisa kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Ingakumbi sho ezintabeni phakathi kwiidolophu Gao kunye Mopti. Empumalanga, owokugqibela Ostantsovy uluhlu ebizwa Hombori. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu nentaba eziliwaka elinamakhulu amahlanu anesihlanu eemitha. Le ngxelo nje uluhlu, kodwa lonke ilizwe. Enye ukuphakama engundoqo yethafa Adrar des Ifoghas.

uhlaza

Nangona kwimozulu eshushu ezimaxongo kuluphawu Afrika, Mali ukuze baqhayise kakuhle ezahlukeneyo izihluma. Uninzi ndawo wambu ezahlukeneyo amatyholo kunye ingca. Ngomhla kummandla Sahel kukho nemingampunzi, ngokutshatyalaliswa iintlobo wesundu, Baobabs, imithi uNere kapokovye, ibhotolo shea, ceiba, nabantwana zasendle kunye nezinye iinketho ezingaqhelekanga. Emzantsi, kukho imithi yesundu rone, Senegal Kaya, isitishi, iintlobo zezityalo herbaceous.

jikelele silwane

Fauna Mali isimanga ukungafani engakholelekiyo. Xa yemihlaba kwimimandla eyintlango neula zixhaphakileyo elikhulu - njengeula eli, Addax, namabhadi, leengwenkala, iindlulamthi kunye ezihlasela ezinemizila. Xa amathafa owakhiwe warthogs - iihagu zasendle Afrika kunye neentlobo ezidla - seempungutye, iingonyama kunye nehlosi. neula Common. Ngelishwa, kunciphisa ngokusisigxina imali iindlovu. ukubaluleka olunzulu imilambo namachibi ka Mali. Eli lizwe ukwenza intlanzi lokuloba, uthathwa ukuba iphezulu kakhulu ezixabisekileyo Nile, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Captain." Luphawu zimelwe izinambuzane - iinyosi, iingcongconi, iintubi, iintwala. iintlobo ezininzi kuyingozi yezilwanyana impilo yabantu. Ukukhusela izityalo kunye nezilwanyana yombuso ibandakanyeka epakini zikazwelonke ezibizwa ngokuba Boucle du Baoulé National Park.

imithombo yendalo

Zonke iintlobo izibonelelo ezifunekayo kuphuhliso esebenzayo karhulumente, bamelwe kakuhle kummandla Mali. Eli lizwe wayedlisela iidipozithi zesinyithi anqabileyo namatye - izinto geni igolide nedayimani. Kwakhona, imigodi kungabonwa Mali lobhedu, webauxite, manganese, uranium, lenyengane, lithium, itafile ityuwa. Kukho kweli lizwe kunye kaolin nodongwe.

iimeko zemozulu

Eli lizwe ibekwe kwi band emvula zwekazi. Ukuya ezantsi, nto leyo likomkhulu Mali, isimo sezulu subequatorial. Kukho alternating namaxesha ezomileyo kunye zemvula. Eyokuqala ithatha ukususela kuNovemba ukuya kuJuni, kwaye eyesibini - ukususela kuJulayi ukuya ku-Oktobha. Ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo kweli lizwe esilawulwa imimoya kumntla-lasempuma ezibangela sandstorms. Embindini Mali, Bamako, kukho ukuhla ubushushu encomekayo phakathi kosuku olunye - ngokuhlwa, ebusuku kunye kusasa yokuqala opholileyo, kwaye emini ithemometha ngaphezu kweqondo lama-amathathu ubushushu. Ummandla kwi kummandla weSahara zibe yimimoya kubakho, nenkanyamba amandla zahlukile. Iqondo lobushushu apha kufika kumgomo amane anesihlanu ubushushu. imvula obukhulu ziyahluka imimandla esemazantsi - iwela apha ukuya milimitha eziliwaka ngonyaka ngamnye. Kulo lonke eli lizwe, kukho imbalela rhoqo. amakhulu amabini, anamanci mathathu - In, umzi kummandla Timbuktu Sahara uyawa milimitha alikhulu elinamanci mahlanu ngonyaka ngamnye.

Izizwe ka Mali

Phantse nekhulu ekhulwini labemi bubonakaliswe negroid. Kuphela ezinye kwimimandla esemantla kukho abameli uhlobo iMeditera Caucasians - Arabhu Tuaregs. Encomekayo iyantlukwano nobuhlanga Mali - ebantwini bamashumi ngamanye. Abaninzi kubo bangamalungu ukuya eNiger-Kord-Fann iilwimi, kukho kwakhona abameli West Atlantic, kwaye Afro-Asia Voltskaya. Abantu abaninzi ubuninzi bazo Bambara, ixhasa lwimi ixhaphakileyo. Eli qela uhlanga ingafunyanwa kwi indawo ephakathi kweli lizwe. I elilandelayo Malinke kunye nabameli ngasentshona. Kanye kowangaphambili, abantu becala abazibandakanya kwezolimo kunye neenkomo zizalele nakuzo.

WezoLimo Senufo ubomi, no mande. Ngomhla kweenxweme eNiger eyayihlala Songhai abandakanyeke zizalele nakuzo iinkomo amadlelo. Kwimimandla ezininzi weentaba i Dogon siphila ngendlela emangalisayo ukuba baphumelele kolimo kwiindawo zihlelelekileyo. singakhankanya ngokukhethekileyo ufanelwe Tuaregs. Oku abantu abavela bevela empumalanga. Arabhu abandakanyeke iinkomo kufuywe zorhwebo kwingingqi Lake Faguibine kunye weSahara. Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba olu hlanga hayi ixhaphake kakhulu, kuchaphazela kakhulu uphuhliso karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, inkolo yamaSilamsi iimpethu ngaphantsi impembelelo yabo, baze babe ezikhethiweyo uninzi.

iqela Fulani uhlanga umdla. Xa imbonakalo yazo idibanisa iinkalo Negroid kunye nohlanga Caucasoid. Baye ulusu ukukhanya omdaka. Fulani bahlala Atlantic nogu futhi kummandla Sahel, kwakunye eNiger Delta. Abemi awunamatheli amasiko amaSilamsi, ilondoloza neenkolelo zemveli. Abantu banqula izityalo, izilwanyana, amatye, kwakunye ahloniphe imimoya izinyanya. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba abanye abantu ukwamkela Islam, kodwa sigcine ezinye iinkolelo zobuhedeni. Country ebonakala amazinga aphezulu ngenxa yokukhula kwenani labantu - inani labahlali kwandisa kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu edlulileyo, ekhulwini ngaphezu ezimbini ngonyaka. Phantse isiqingatha sabantu - phantsi kubudala beminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, kunye nabameli yobudala yomhlala - hayi ngaphezulu kwe amathandathu ekhulwini.

Imiqondiso National Mali

Ukuzimela ilizwe wazuza nje kudala kangaka. Umfanekiso wabonakala ngo-1961, emva kokuba ilizwe yayeka ukuba ube yinxalenye yoluntu French. Iflegi lisetyenziswa kwi web ngokohlobo Ikwadrilatherali, ubude leyo ibhekisa ububanzi umlinganiselo ezintathu ukuya ezimbini. Oku kusetyenziswa kumhlaba ngeenjongo zoluntu, yoluntu emkhosini. Indwe yahlulwe imivumbo ezintathu nkqo ezilinganayo. EFlagstaff is a band ukukhanya eluhlaza, iziko - eliqaqambileyo emthubi, kodwa emphethweni - ebomvu. Eyokuqala i lwethemba, amasimi kunye emadlelweni, ezolimo, apho uqoqosho ithembele. Ukongeza, loo nto luphawu ezintsha rhoqo maxesha. Yellow ephawulwe ubutyebi yezimbiwa ezivela wonke ummi weli lizwe. Okokugqibela, i-red - uphawu yomzabalazo wenkululeko geqe. Ngaphambili, i-koloni ngelaphu iflegi French, zincediswa isafobe abamnyama Kanaga. Lo mfanekiso womntu kunye nabaxhasi ingcamango yokuba kuphela abo beza abamnyama. nani esilwela esusiwe olube ngowe-1961 ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kodwa akukho imibala omfuziselo iflegi. It is a diski blue apho ipeyintiweyo emhlophe ukhetshe ngeentolo nangeentolo, gqibezela isithsaba.