Ukuvumelana kunye nokumiselwa komgangatho amaxwebhu. Uphuhliso ubunye emgangathweni kwamaxwebhu

inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa kunye ukuvela iintlobo ezininzi kobunini kwakhokelela ekukhuleni kobudlelwane zorhwebo noqoqosho zentlalo nenkcubeko. Kakhulu kwakhula iinkqubo kuluntu abachaphazelekayo imithamo ukwanda lokumpompoza iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ukuze ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo iiyunithi zolawulo.

Yintoni na ubunye amaxwebhu

Enoba somxholo kunye endle; nokuba umsebenzi okanye ushishino, imfundo okanye ukhathalelo lwempilo - ubunye ngesandla kunye emgangathweni kwamaxwebhu ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kwisiqalo. Ukususela ekuqaleni lwekhulu lokugqibela ngokuthi idatha weemeko kubo ngcembe udlule isandla indlela imishini, yaye ngakumbi - ku ezenzekelayo.

Ngaloo kudlule asemakhaya Loxwebhu. Le mbono "ubunye emgangathweni kwamaxwebhu" wakhawulwa kwesi sigaba. Nakuba kunjalo, kuzo zonke izigaba ukuhamba komsebenzi kunye nokuphucula data kukho enye ingxaki efanayo. Zisa zokusebenzisa isiphithiphithi nzima, njengoko le nkqubo kufuneka lwandulelwe kumanyano kunye nokumiselwa komgangatho amaxwebhu ngokubanzi. Ngamanye amazwi, kuphela ngokulungiselela iphepha, ungaqalisa processing kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Iinjongo kunye neenjongo wobunye

Le miba ephambili kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa ezisemthethweni zolawulo, ezoqoqosho kunye nayiphi na enye yomsebenzi ubunye kunye nokumiselwa komgangatho amaxwebhu. Ngokufutshane chaza indlela ingqiqo ungabangela uxwebhu kwisibonisi generic, inkqubo efanayo. Le nkqubo iba nefuthe elikhulu ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza naluphi na uxwebhu. Principles of emgangathweni nangokumanywa amaxwebhu zezi zilandelayo:

1. Iifom ukuchwetheza United.
2. Ukubeka iimfuno efanayo zobhaliso data, neziphumo uhlobo olufanayo isigqibo.
3. A Ukuncitshiswa kakhulu iindleko uhlobo ezahlukeneyo ukulungiswa kunye uhombiso izinto.
4. iseti ehambelanayo database efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ushishino kunye nomsebenzi.

Imisebenzi zokuhamba ohlangeneyo

Kufuneka iqondwe into yokuba nayiphi na imisebenzi ukwalathisa kwaye ulawule umbutho, inkampani, ilizwe, emva konke, yinkqubo apho yonke into iba enye okanye omnye umsebenzi. Phakathi kwazo kukho ngokubanzi (okanye boqobo) - ezo njengenxalenye kwimisebenzi naliphi na iziko:, ulawulo, imisebenzi yolawulo lombutho yocwangciso, ukubala, njl.njl Ngelo xesha, imisebenzi yemibutho ngamnye njengenxalenye imisebenzi ekhethekileyo. Umzekelo, neenjongo kunye neethagethi, ngokusekelwe ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi emfundo mava kuphela ezi zifundo kweli nqanaba.

Yintoni le nkqubo amaxwebhu

inkqubo ubunye komgangatho ulawulo uxwebhu kuyinto material kwakheka kwi isiseko ulwalamano lwabo:

• kwisehlo efakiwe;
• khona;
• imboni;
• uhlobo;
• iimfuno ukwenziwa.

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu kwinkqubo yemfungo

Amaxwebhu System inokuba obschefunktsionalnoy kunye noshishino. Ngokumalunga udidi yokuqala, apha imibuzo kuvela. Ngamashishini Iinkqubo ziquka uxwebhu ebonisa nkcukacha lweshishini okanye umbutho. Hi xikombiso, le emgangathweni kudityaniso amaxwebhu namasiko kuya kuba izinto elawula emdeni lokukhangela karhulumente kunye ukunqumla inkqubo kwamanye amazwe, impahla evela kwamanye amazwe.

Njengokuba kude njengoko izinto oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwaye njani ulwalamano phakathi kwee-adyumenti zeenkqubo ezimbini - ukusebenza kunye namashishini kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ngokukodwa, ixabiso kwabo kwangaphambili bubunjani kwimisebenzi kwiqumrhu. Ukongeza, wahlaba umtyangapho wekhwelo lokumanywa kunye nokumiselwa komgangatho namaxwebhu olawulo ayisoloko akuthethi nokudalwa amalungiselelo zombutho, yolawulo okanye imisebenzi yezolawulo. Ngelo xesha, isicwangciso amaxwebhu lombutho kunye nolawulo, leyo iqulathe amanqaku ulawulo ezisisiseko, ulawulo, intsebenziswano kunye nokulawula umsebenzi lwamaqumrhu karhulumente, amashishini, amasebe kunye namagosa ezisekelwe kushishino kunye nezakhiwo ezisebenzayo.

Eyona engundoqo izigaba ubunye emgangathweni

Iingxaki emgangathweni kudityaniso amaxwebhu zorhwebo kuye kuvele ngenxa yolibaziseko ekwabeni kwibhloko kwamaxwebhu sombutho kunye nolawulo ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo yi uncedo lwezomthetho. Ndiqhuba ukuvumelana ngexesha kulawulo yorhwebo uxwebhu lweshishini kubandakanya:

1. Phakathi ngokwesakhelo iintlobo efanayo amaxwebhu uza ukumisela nokuhlelwa efanelekileyo.
2. imodeli ngokubanzi inkqubo amaxwebhu yokwakha isekelwe kwifomu, lithathwe njengomzekelo.
3. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe imithetho syntactic kwamaxwebhu yokwakha.

Ngaphambi kule ubunye emgangathweni lwamaxwebhu umthombo yabanjwa nazo zonke iimfuneko izixhobo kuzo zonke izigaba indalo, ukuzaliswa, ukusetyenzwa nokulondoloza. Siqwalasela nezakhono zabantu psychophysiological kunye parameters kumatshini kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa.

Iimpawu zendalo lwemigangatho

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iziphumo zenkqubo nomanyano ukuba zazise templates asetyenziswa qho ukwenzela uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo ngokusemthethweni. Imigangatho zenzelwe iinkonzo, iimveliso kunye nengqesho babe ingcaciso kwinqanaba federal mthetho. Le mbono "ubunye emgangathweni kwamaxwebhu" kule meko emiselwe imisebenzi karhulumente kwi-nitrogen nemimiselo kunye nokubalulwa zokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuzithandela.

Umsebenzi yokudala kwimilinganiselo ukuze kwisigaba imveliso nokunyusa umgangatho wokhuphiswano ngeemveliso, iinkonzo okanye imisebenzi. Ukufanisa isigama kolwimi kunye kudityaniso amaxwebhu zorhwebo kwakhona ijonge ekuphuhliseni ulwazi kanye ukuhambelana zobugcisa.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne yokumanya amaxwebhu yorhwebo lwangaphandle

Ngaphezu koko, igama elithi "umgangatho" kuthetha kuphela isiqulatho uxwebhu emisiweyo. Umthetho kuchazwe ngokucacileyo indlela yokusetyenziswa non-zonyanzelo yintliziyo. imigangatho State indawo ngokukhawuleza yesizwe. Emva kokuba kuqaliswe iingunqu ihlala kuphela ingxaki emgangathweni kudityaniso amaxwebhu zorhwebo.

Okubuhlungu, kwaye le mini umbuzo imigangatho karhulumente elawula inkqubo ukulungiselela amaxwebhu ukwenzela iimveliso ezithunyelwa. Ngokutsho inkqubo emanyeneyo, eyamkelwe uMthetho Federal "Kwi UMmiselo Technical" yomhla we-01.07.2003, amalungiselelo apho akhoyo kuwo, lungahambelani ngokupheleleyo kunye neemfuno amaxwebhu standardised, ke, qhubeka ukuba kusetyenziswa endle namhlanje.

Indima yeKomiti State for Standardization kwinkqubo ubunye emgangathweni

Ukuvumelana kunye nokumiselwa komgangatho kwamaxwebhu - endleleni Standard State Russian. Nayiphi classifiers zonke-Russian of technical kwezoqoqosho, bafumane kwezentlalo amandla, ezomthetho ngoko nangoko emva kobhaliso kukarhulumente. Ulawulo phezu ukuphunyezwa zonke iimfuno ziqukwe izenzo ngamnye, aqhube Standard Russian kaRhulumente kunye neminye imibutho ogunyaziswe nguRhulumente phakathi kolawulo echongiweyo.

Eyona ndlela iphambili ubunye komgangatho amaxwebhu ukuseka iisampuli efanayo, templates, iifomu. Lo isenokuba imigangatho efunekayo kumalungiselelo kwamaxwebhu nemigangatho kwiintlobo ezithile iimpahla kunye nenkqubo namaxwebhu emanyeneyo. Le yokugqibela yi iimathiriyeli inkqubo senziwe imithetho iseti enye kunye neemfuno. inkqubo amaxwebhu ehlanganisiwe iqulathe, njengoko umthetho, ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi yolawulo sphere ethile yempembelelo.

Main inkqubo esimanyeneyo umgangatho Russia

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, phakathi kweenkqubo esibumbeneyo ume ngaphandle:

• isakhiwo enxulumene amaxwebhu ubhalo lombutho kunye nolawulo;
• inkqubo ukulawula uxwebhu kwiziko yebhanki;
• ukuvumelana kunye nokumiselwa komgangatho amaxwebhu accounting kunye neencwadi ze akhawunti neerekhodi zemali amaziko kwicandelo likarhulumente;
• isigaba amaxwebhu statistical;
• inkqubo amaxwebhu elawula imicimbi yabasebenzi;
• amaxwebhu ezikumgangatho urhwebo amazwe.

Ngako oko, ngamnye zeenkqubo ngentla enikwa imilinganiselo yayo karhulumente, ephuhlisa amasebe karhulumente esembindini zikuququzelele nokusebenza kwinkalo ethile yomsebenzi. Umzekelo, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali eRashiya inoxanduva lokwakha neefom amaxwebhu accounting zebhanki. Kwelinye icala, Rosarchiv ukuchonga iindlela kwamaxwebhu lombutho kunye nezolawulo. Ezi egunyeni elifanayo bathi iinkcukacha zala maxwebhu. ubunye yabo emgangathweni kubandakanya ukudalwa iifomu ukuze zisetyenziswe kwishishini elithile.

Iinkcukacha neentlobo amaxwebhu kwinkqubo yokumiselwa komgangatho

Iinkcukacha zoxwebhu kukugqala into imbopheleleko, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuba kudlula kwenziwe kakuhle iinkqubo, izinto yokubhalisa. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha, funda utyikityo, nesitampu, nesitampu, umhla, umbhalo, njl Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngohlobo ngalunye uxwebhu lwaseburhulumenteni wasebenzisa iseti eyahlukileyo iinkcukacha. Kulo mzekelo, ngamnye kumanyano lweenkqubo ndaqonda ngokudala uhlobo umfuziselo kwamaxwebhu omnye zeenkqubo. On ineziseko zayo ukuphuhlisa iinkcukacha zifanelekileyo onke amaxwebhu akwi database ethile.

Form, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, luhlobo template kuxwebhu. Loo umfuziselo lokubhala endle emisiweyo isicelo sithabathela ingqalelo ubungakanani bayo, imida kunye indents, ingakumbi nokudalwa kwegridi noshowo kunye iinkcukacha eziphambili.

Ukuvumelana kunye nokumiselwa komgangatho amaxwebhu zeziko kunye neendawo zolawulo kunegalelo lula luncedo iifom kwimisebenzi yazo naziphi na amashishini iziko, arhente, noshishino lokwenza. Abamenyiweyo eyayilawula ukusetyenziswa ubunye komgangatho amaxwebhu lombutho kunye nolawulo, ziyasebenza:

• uMmiselo;
• imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo;
• izisombululo;
• Izivumelwano;
• izenzo;
• iileta.

Iileta idilesi esisigxina zolawulo namanyathelo zombutho, kubandakanya ulawulo, uququzelelo kunye nokugcinwa:

• amagunya karhulumente izifundo ze-Russian Federation (kuluhlu lwezifundo luquka imimandla lokuzimela nasemazweni, komthetho, kunye yolwimi yesizwe Russian ifakelwe ikakhulu);
• iinkampani nemibutho, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwabo ubunini lombutho-zomthetho umsebenzi.

GOST iseka kuphela ukwakhiwa iinkcukacha, kodwa iimfuneko labo nokuveliswa, nokugcinwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nolondolozo iifomu akhoyo kunye ngumfuziselo Russian Federation kunye State ingubo iingalo zifundo. Ukusetyenziswa GOST i-oganogram iinkcukacha.