Eyona engundoqo amaziko imvelaphi izityalo ezilinyiweyo

Ukuba ufake lo msebenzi: "iziko Call of imvelaphi", abantu abaninzi akazalani hybridization akayi kuba nako ukumelana nayo. Eli nqaku liqulathe iinkcukacha ezinika ingcaciso.

lwesigama

Centre of imvelaphi - nto ngokwezelizwe "ii-hot spots" ezithile. Wagxila ukwehluka zofuzo kwiintlobo yezolimo. Centres of imvelaphi yezityalo olinywayo ke eziziiprayimari - ziquka iindawo apho iintlobo zasendle yaye ezifuywayo wakhula ekuqaleni, nasesekondari. Owokugqibela - kumaziko, oko kwasekwa okwalandela distribution polukulturnyh, iintlobo belima izityalo kunye zizalele phambili.

ulwazi zembali

izenzakalo ezifana kwezityalo, kwavela kudala ngaphambi kokuba ekuqaleni AD. Ekuqaleni, uphuhliso kwenzeka, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo izilwanyana ezingqongileyo, ezintlanu iinkalo ngokunjalo ekwanti le planethi. Ngokomthetho Iintlobo Isakhiwo obuneentyatyambo owayezama domesticate ukuba zikho kwiindawo ezininzi. Oku kunyanzeleka ukuba babhenele ukusetyenziswa izihluma basekuhlaleni. impucuko Human iyaqhubeka uphuhliso yayo ... A ixesha ikhula yonxibelelwano zaselwandle kunye nomhlaba phakathi kwabantu abahlala kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi nkqubo akwazi ukukhawulezisa ukunwenwa zeziqhamo kunye iimbewu zezityalo izezo zifumaneka apha zizilwanyana zasekhaya. Ngenxa yesi sizathu kunzima ukuseka kwikhaya uhlobo yenkcubeko. Inkqubela of ukufuywa, nto leyo eyenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo geographical of imimandla ethile, waba ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho zazivelela. Umzekelo, kunye nezityalo zenzeka iziganeko ezifana lokukhwela random, ulwando oluphindwe kwenani zofuzo kwi hybridization ngasemva yendalo. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo izakhi.

Research isiphelo

Ngokwesiseko yokuvulwa Charles Darwin amaziko wejografi imvelaphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo baseka indlela ethile ekufundeni hybridization. Xa A. ngenkulungwane XIX de Candolle irhubhululo lakhe, nto leyo ezichongwe Kumaziko imvelaphi yezityalo elinywayo ummandla bembonakalo yayo yokuqala. Kwiincwadi akhe ezo ndawo babephuma welizwekazi, kwakunye nezinye iindawo ezinkulu-scale. Kuba phantse amahlanu eminyaka emva kokupapashwa Yabasebenzi de Candolle amaziko ulwazi imvelaphi izityalo ezilinyiweyo yandiswa kakhulu. Yanyatheliswa iincwadi ezimbalwa, egubungela iintlobo yezolimo evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kwakunye nezinto kwiindidi ngamnye. Kamva lo mbuzo baphendule NI Vavilov. Ngenxa yokuba ulwazi kwimithombo yehlabathi enezityalo ebona amaziko engundoqo imvelaphi izityalo ezilinyiweyo. Zizonke abasixhenxe: East Asia, kwiMeditera, Central American, South Asia, South-Western Asiya, elingumTiyopiya namaNdiya. Xa ngamnye kubo zikhula ipesenti ethile iyantlukwano lilonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezolimo.

kulungiswa

Abanye abaphandi, ezifana A. I. Kuptsov and PM Zhukovsky, waqhubeka nomsebenzi N. I. Vavilova. Baye benza iinguqu ezithile ukuze esiphelweni sayo. Ngenxa yoko, iziko South-West Asian yahlulwa Near Eastern kunye Sredneaziatsy kunye Indochina kunye yetropika India kuvela ezimbini ingqalelo geographical. Pool le Yellow River ithathwa isiseko ziko East Asia. Okokuqala kwaba iteksti River, kodwa lo mmandla Chinese - njenge labantu abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo - bahlaliswe kakhulu kamva. New Guinea neNtshona Sudan nazo ichongwe njengemimandla yezolimo.

Qaphela ukuba izityalo iziqhamo, kuquka orehoplodnye kunye berry babe yokuhlala olubanzi. Ke wayitwabulula ngaphaya kwemida nemimandla lemvelaphi. Esi simo ngakumbi nenkcubeko kunye neemfundiso de Candolle ngaphezu kwabanye. Isizathu bugwetyelwe ikakhulu lihlathi imvelaphi kunye hayi piedmont, okuhambelana endle kunye nemifuno emaXhoseni. Kwakhona ongundoqo ukhetho. Centre of imvelaphi ngoku ichazwe ngokucacileyo. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho European-aseSiberia neepokotho Australian. Ibunjiwe North American Center.

Overview

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iintlobo ngamnye ziye zaziswa kwi inkcubeko ngaphandle nakujoliso olutsha engundoqo. Nangona kunjalo, inani labo lincinane kakhulu. Ngaphambili, amaziko eziphambili izityalo yamandulo lwezolimo, ithetha ukuba i Nile Valley, emlanjeni ongumEfrati, oyiHidekele, iGanges kunye nezinye imilambo emikhulu. Ngokutsho uphando ngu Vavilov, iintlobo ezininzi zezolimo ukuvela kwiindawo weentaba lommandla ziingcathu, le ndawo kunye efudumeleyo. Iziko yokuqala imvelaphi ezinento yokwenza iyantlukwano floristic kunye nempucuko yamandulo.

site Chinese

Le ndawo ibandakanya iinkalo weentaba intshona nakumbindi weli lizwe, kunye engqongileyo ukuba iindawo ezomileyo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe. Isiseko sale bamaziko kwizowuni ekwizibanzi ziingcathu, ibekwe kwi Yellow River. iimeko zendawo ziimpawu ezingundoqo ezifana eyingcathu xesha lokukhula, iqondo elikhulu kakhulu ukuxovwa kunye imo lobushushu eliphezulu. Iziko yinto yemvelo ukuba zesoya, emboxo, iimbotyi, amazimba, amazimba, irayisi, ihabile, payzy, amazimba, nerhasi, Tibetan kunye nezinye izityalo ezininzi.

icandelo South-East Asian

Indo-Malaysian imvelaphi yezolimo iziko likwancedisa kummandla Indiya. Oku kuquka iindawo ezifana Indo-China, onke Malay Archipelago, kunye Philippines. Hindustan namaziko Chinese awazalelwa kuyo izityalo ezilinyiweyo ngandlela ethile kule ndawo. iimeko zendawo luphawulwa kwezityalo-ngeenxa zonke, ukufuma aphezulu kakhulu obushushu. Le ndawo yinto yemvelo ukuba nutmeg, allspice, cardamom,-orenji, bergamot, ipepile emnyama, mangosteen, ibetel nut, ikalika kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi.

umhlaba Indian

Kwakhona ngokuba Hindustan eziko kwaye iquka imeko Indian Assam, iBurma lonke izwekazi Indiya, ngaphandle kwe emantla-ntshona States of India. Imozulu ikhuthaza sexesha lokukhula elide, inqanaba eliphezulu lobushushu nokufuma. ukusebenza Field onamava iziko Indo-malayan. Kwi intsimi ukukhula lwawo, ummoba, irayisi, kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi izihluma.

sigaba Central Asia

Kweli ziko ibandakanya ilizwe Western Tien shan, Tajikistan, kumantla Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan kunye emntla-ntshona inxalenye India. iimeko zendawo luphawulwa ngokulinganisela utyani ubude, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye ukuhla kakhulu ngamaxesha kunye yonke imihla kunye nomgangatho ophantsi kakhulu ukufuma. Le ndawo sele waba negalelo elikhulu Peredneaziatski kunye namaziko Chinese. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, eli ziko eziziisekondari ukuba uninzi ntlobo yeziqhamo.

Near icandelo Eastern

Iziko ibekwe yaseMzantsi mpuma Asia. indawo yayo ibandakanya ummandla weentaba Turkmenistan, yonke Transcaucasia, Uchumileyo Crescent, Iran kunye Kumbindi Asia Minor. Imozulu luphawulwa amaxesha yembalela, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokufuma ophantsi kakhulu. Le ndawo uye waba negalelo lamaziko Central Asia and Mediterranean. Imida ezi nakujoliso olutsha ezithathu zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo, ngoko kuba nzima ukuseka.

iziko South American of imvelaphi

Ezi ndawo zibandakanya iindawo ntaba kunye kwiinduli Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia kunye Peru. iimeko zendawo luphawulwa ilele ayoneli kunye namaqondo aphezulu kakhulu. Central American Center waba kule ndawo nomthelela.