Biology - isayensi lifunda ... Yintoni ukufunda biology nje isayensi

Ukususela kanye ekuqaleni yobukho bethu thina rhoqo esizibonayo abonakalisa zobomi. Abantwana abancinci bafunda ukuhamba ukuthetha, ubiza iintlobo zezilwanyana, izinambuzane, ebukele nabo zasendle. Ukufumana abadala, wonke umntwana uye aphawule ukuba ngeenxa umhlaba omkhulu kwaye esisityebi kunene eziphilileyo. Ngapha koko, izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane, neenkowane - zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ukwenza ukwazi eli hlabathi omangalisayo, asibi ilumkile, ngokweminyakla kwaye bafunde ukuba noxanduva.

Kamva, xa abantwana baye esikolweni, bafunda ukuba biology - isayensi lifunda zonke ezi zinto ziphilayo, ubomi babo, basebenzisane nabanye kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwaye le isayensi ukufunda ifuthe abantu kunye zasendle e omnye nomnye.

Le etymology elithi "Biology"

Loo nto inika umdla iingcambu elithi "biology ' uhamba emva abantu bamandulo indoevreyskim abo elithi" umlenze we "athetha" ukuqokelela "," abuthe ". Kamva, akuba izalwe nobuninzi yenguqu, lo gama bafumana kufutshane esi sandi. AmaGrike amandulo wasebenzisa igama elithi "BIOS", gama elo elithetha "ebomini", yaye igama "iilogo", eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "imfundiso". Simple, edibanisa amagama amabini, ukufumana phantse nenkcazo "eziphilayo". It is a isayensi lifunda ubomi, ukuba sithethe ngokubanzi ezingekhoyo. Enyanisweni, lo mbono mkhulu kakhulu, nenzululwazi ngokwayo umdla kakhulu.

Yintoni eziphilayo, kwaye uyafunda?

iplanethi yethu yonke wenziwe amaqokobhe ezininzi. Omnye wabo ke emaMpondweni. Ngenxa yoko, umhlaba onokuphila ubunjwe biomass kunye biomass bubonakaliswe zizo zonke izinto eziphilileyo emhlabeni, nokuba ubukhulu kunye yokuhlala. Ngoko ke, oko biomass kwaye yenjongosenzi ukufunda biology. Kodwa ekubeni ezahlukeneyo kakhulu inani labantu ngendlela yokusebenzisana kunye nabanye kunye nezinye izizathu, kukho imfuneko kwi kulwahlulo biology kumasebe. Kwaye phezu kwexesha, bakhulile kwi iinzululwazi yonke ezizimeleyo.

Yintoni isayensi ukufunda biology? Zama ukuqonda. Ezinye basic, neento zonke abanazo kubomi babantu eyayibaluleke kakhulu. Biology lugubungela zonke iinkalo ubomi eziphilileyo, ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi. Ngoko ke, inzululwazi, esukela kwenye kulo kangaka.

ezinto eziphilayo

Yeyona uphononongo lweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo protein yokuqaphela, iindlela zokugcina kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi yemfuza, ikhowudi yezofuzo kunye nesakhiwo sayo. Iinjongo zophononongo ezinto eziphilayo zonke iinkqubo ophilileyo, igcine protein, nucleic acid (iDNA RNA). nkqubo ziquka prokaryotes, eukaryotes kunye neentsholongwane.

Imeko yangoku ezinto eziphilayo kwinqanaba lophuhliso kakhulu. Sele bafumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga isakhiwo zeprotheyini neemolekyuli, iimpawu zabo kunye nemisebenzi yabo biomass. iinkqubo amagama of umbhalo kanye translation, phindana iimolekyuli DNA amagama ikhowudi yezofuzo. Kodwa kule ezinto eziphilayo mihla Andiqondi nokuba ukucinge ukuba ayeke. Kakade ke, njengoko kanti, iyantlukwano iproteni ukuze kakhulu ukuba iya kuba yanele uhlalutyo olunzulu kunye nokufunda ebangelukuba iminyaka emininzi ezayo.

eziphilayo

Yena uye ukufunda zincinane zezinto eziphilayo, alibonakali ngeliso lenyama (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, microfungi, microalgae, archaea). Ngenxa impumelelo kunye nomsebenzi yabaphengululi abaninzi enkulu yale inzululwazi wakwazi kwinyathelo kude phambili.

Namhlanje, nendawo kwegciwane izityalo ezizodwa eendaba eqinileyo sezondlo na into ekhethekileyo. Fumana inkcubeko emsulwa iintsholongwane - ngoko ukufikelela kulawulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kubaluleke gqitha ukuba amayeza kunye pharmaceutics. Oku ithuba ukufumana indlela ususe iintsholongwane eziyingozi.

Kungenxa yoko le nto iimveliso uphando ekuzakuqalwa ithandwa kangaka:

• imithi;
• ezolimo;
• ukutya;
• oyile negesi processing;
• imboni metallurgical.

biotechnology

Young inzululwazi ezaye zakhokelela ngisho ngakumbi okuqhubekayo - yemfuza cell lobunjineli. Studies kunye kuphuhlisa ubuchule acocekileyo ukulinywa kwezityalo, kwakunye ekudalweni nobugcisa Lemag kwaye vitro, evumela ukusetyenziswa igciwane eneji luncedo oluntu, ukutya, abancedisi ezolimo, kunye nezinye amashishini.

Le isayensi ngokusondeleyo inxulumene eziphilayo, ukuba ahlobene kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo biotechnology - ezi imiba ebalulekileyo efanele ukuqwalaselwa xa ukuvelisa amayeza kweemveliso zezolimo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, biotechnology ephendula imibuzo emalunga ukungawi izityalo izinambuzane, iimeko zokusingqongileyo.

Gene kunye Cell Engineering, ke, kwenza kucace ukuba ukufunda biology njenge inzululwazi. Bona kwakhona ngokusekelwe zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa lo msebenzi wabo sele ingqalelo ngokukodwa zepraktikhali isiphumo, ngokuqinisekileyo umntu luncedo.

iindlela iyalungisa ezilawula imfuza iseli amazwe, ephethe ulwazi pre-wahlela iinjineli, ukuvelisa iimveliso eziyimfuneko ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi (umzekelo, kwimeko yezityalo, uphuhliso zobunjineli yemfuza ukuvumela ukufumana ovuna ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngexesha ngalinye).

genetics

Ingxenye ebanzi kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu of isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ukufunda indlela belifa, eli ukwahluka, ilifa, iipateni zokusasaza kunye nokusasazwa izakhi abazali kwinzala, ngokunjalo nokuchongwa chromosomal yemfuza kunye neziphumo zawo izinto eziphilayo.

Genetics ihlanganisa ukwahluka zezinto eziphilayo, ukususela izinambuzane kwaye awugqibe izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ayisebenzi kuphela iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya kwakunye njengezinto zokufunda secandelo ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo.

eziphilayo nendawo

Iqala 1930. A lot of izazinzulu kwi-USA, France, i-USSR langoku Russian wabeka iminyaka yakhe yomsebenzi ekuphuhlisweni kwale nzululwazi umdla, twisisaka, Ndandisemncinci kakhulu, kodwa ethembisa kakhulu.

Eyona njongo iphambili ye eziphilayo nendawo kukuseka umahluko ekusebenzeni ophilileyo ngokweenkqubo zebhayoloji Emhlabeni kwaye ngumbala ngokupheleleyo - isithuba. Ngenxa yoko, biology isithuba - isayensi ufunda indlela yokuziphatha utshintsho zangaphakathi, zomzimba morphology lwabantu abahlala kwiimeko etshintshiweyo okukufutshane - ndawana.

Imiba ephambili ezahlula iimeko yonke ehlabathini, oku kulandelayo:

• enye medium sukube;
• weightlessness isithuba;
• lunikezelo;
• ukuhamba limited;
• lokungcangcazela;
• ongenawo umoya;
• radiation;
• utshintsho lo mhlaba otsalayo.

Space eziphilayo ehlola ngaba ezi zinto ichaphazela indlela eziphilileyo, okhulele imekobume yomhlaba, nokuba earthlings ubomi kunokwenzeka kwezinye iiplanethi.

Space biology - i-bhaza wenzululwazi, ngoko iqulathe iindawo ezininzi:

1. Space Physiology.
2. Ekobiologiya.
3. Ekzofiziologiya.
4. amayeza Space.

biology jikelele, embryology

Science ukuba ufunda amanqanaba umbutho zonke izinto eziphilileyo, imvelaphi ngcembe kunye nophuhliso zonke eziphilileyo - oku eziphilayo eqhelekileyo. Kulo isayensi ibandakanya ezi zihloko zilandelayo:

• kwemvelo;
• Ukufundwa;
• kwesayensi.

biology Jikelele - inzululwazi ubomi zonke izinto eziphilayo, lasungulwa kunye nophuhliso kule khosi ezigidi eminyaka imvelaphi yabantu, abe uphuhliso layo kuluntu kwaye njengeyunithi eziphilayo.

Ikhondo ezingundoqo eziphilayo jikelele ifundwa kwikharityhulam yezikolo ze-kwiiklasi zabafundi abadala.

Njengenxalenye eziphilayo jikelele limi embryology. Uye sele befunda ukuyilwa ngokwezigaba-natal izidalwa eziphilayo. Kwakhona, oko ukufunda embryologists lubonise ukufana kunye nomanyano bonke abantu abahlala kulo mhlaba.

Cytology, histology, organology

Cytology (elinye igama - biology zeselula) - isayensi ufunda isilwanyana, isityalo, iiseli yintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye neeseli fungal, isakhiwo, yaye umsebenzi kwemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu nayiphi eziphilayo iiseli, iinkqubo zobomi kuyo.

Naziphi na iiseli kwiinkqubo multicellular eukaryotic ezidityaniswe esikule. Kwaye lo yenye into yokuba icandelo befunda ngenzululwazi olunzulu eziphilayo - histology. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zomzimba, ukubunjwa kwabo, interchangeability, kunye neminye imisebenzi - into kokufunda histology.

Oko kwizityalo eyenza ngokwamalungu ijwabu zezilwanyana. Indlela le nqubo ithatha indawo, yintoni isiseko noko nokomzimba, morphological, kwaye zengqo- ekhatshwa ngokufundisisa organology ezenzululwazi.

Bobabini, bayinxalenye lonke elinye. Ayavumelana yi biology. It is a isayensi izifundo yonke into. Umda nobandakanywe izinto ezinokwenziwa nje emangalisayo.

Zoology, Botany, ukwakheka komzimba

Ikhosi biology School ibandakanya isifundo iziseko Sciences ezifana ngezilwanyana, Botany kunye nokwakheka. Kwaye kulindelekile. Emva kokuba zonke eziphilayo isekelwe phezu kwezi kumacandelo eziphambili.

Zoology lihlola iyantlukwano, isakhiwo yokuziphatha izilwanyana, bonke abameli zehlabathi zezilwanyana, ukusukela kuma-ezineseli kunye nesiphelo kunye ezincancisayo.

Yingcaphephe ngezityalo nengcaphephe ukufunda neyantlukwano eziphilayo zezityalo, kwimimandla yabo, zomzimba iimpawu zangaphandle, kwakunye lonikezelo kunye nemvelaphi.

Human - inzululwazi esekelwe ekufundeni ngesakhiwo lwangaphakathi zonke izinto eziphilayo, nokuba baxhasa eliphi na ukuya kummandla othile wendalo.

Indibaniso kula macandelo kwaye eziphilayo. Le isayensi lifunda zonke iinkalo ngolunya-langa. Okubangel 'umdla, akunjalo?

Ngoko ke, kulula ukucinga ukuba iyantlukwano enkulu yolwazi lusenza biology njenge inzululwazi. Indima biology ebomini womntu bale mihla yokugqibela enkulu ebalulekileyo, njengoko oko kungqinwa nobukhulu nokuntsonkotha Sciences angamalungu alo.