Ukuthelekiswa kwamathangi aseRashiya kunye neUnited States. Ziziphi iitanki ezisenkonzweni kunye ne-US kunye neRashiya?

Namhlanje, ngokuphindaphindiweyo umntu unokuva iingxoxo malunga negunya lempi la mabini aphezulu: iRashiya kunye ne-United States. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuziza kwizixhobo ezinzima, ezifana namathangi kunye nezibhamu ezizenzekelayo. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi abantu bacinga ukuba uAbraham uyona mhle kwihlabathi. Kodwa apha akuqwalasele iJamani efanayo "i-Leopard 2A7", kunye ne-Russian T-90. Masenze ukuthelekiswa okuncinane kweetanki zaseRashiya kunye neUnited States kwaye siya kuqonda ngubani ophumelele kulo mbandela, kwaye ngubani omele aphinde acinge ngezixhobo zakhe.

Olunye ulwazi jikelele

Sinokuthi ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba iitanki ze-T-90 kunye ne-M1A1, ezi-Abrams ezifanayo, zifana nabameli beRashiya kunye nokwakhiwa kwetanki. Ngelo xesha, uyilo kunye neengcinga zobuchwepheshe zihluke kakhulu. Umzekelo, "Abrams" kunye ne "Panther 2A7" uthelekise ngokungenangqiqo, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo abafani. Enye imeko kunye ne-T-90.

I-T-72 ingabizwa ngokuba yi-pred-proessor ye-T-90, oku kukugqibela ukuguqulwa kobunzulu bokuqala. Iimbambano ezisemgangathweni ngumpu we-125-mm smoothbore. Emva kokuphuculwa, ukhuseleko lwandisiwe ngo-300%. Kwakukho izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezisigxina, kunye nokukhuselwa okunamandla. Konke oku kufakwe kwitanki ngaphandle kokwandisa kakhulu ubunzima baloo mva.

Ungatsho ukuba ukuma kwe-T-90 kunzima. Oku, ngakwesinye icala, kulungile, kwenye - hayi, esiya kuthetha ngayo emva kancinci. Emva kokuba baqalise ukuvelisa iindonga eziphezulu, amathuba okwandisa izixhobo zanda. Ngokuphathelele isityalo esinamandla, kuyinjini ye-diesel V92S2.

Ukuthetha ngolu hlobo, ubuninzi balo buninzi bwenza ukuba kwenzeke imoto nge-silhouette ephantsi kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Ummandla wecandelo elide kunye nelo lihamba lincinci. Ukungonakali kweli lungiselelo kukuba inxalenye yezixhobo ezingekho phantsi kwezithuthi zifumaneka kwindawo engakhuselekanga yeTanki. Oku kwenza ukuba ulwabalalo lube lukhuselekileyo kwiinkcaso zeentshaba.

Ngokufutshane malunga neM1A1

Asikwazi ukuthetha amagama ambalwa malunga ne-American "Abrams". Lo mshini uthathe inxaxheba kwiimpikiswano ezininzi zokulwa kulo lonke iplanethi kwaye uzibonakalise kakuhle. Iinqwelo ezinqamlekileyo, izixhobo ezinamandla, umbane onomdla kunye neendlela zamanqaku ezikhokelo kunye noonxibelelwano. Kungenxa yale nto amajoni aseMelika ayethandayo iM1A1.

Kwi "Abrams", kungakhathaliseki ukuguqulwa, i-Cannon Rh-120 (M256) iphuculwe i-cannon. Imoto yokulwa yase-US iyaziwayo ngenxa yezixhobo zayo ezintle, eziqulethwe ngamacwecwe amaninzi. Kodwa ingaba kulungile kumsebenzi nokuba ngaba kudlula ukukhuselwa kwe-T-90, siya kujongana nayo kamva.

Ngokubhekiselele kulolu hlobo, ngokweli parameter, "Abrams" ahluke kakhulu kumalungu asentshonalanga. Ngokomzekelo, umthamo wokubhaliweyo ungama-cubic 20 wamitha. Nge-T-90 esi sibonakaliso singaphantsi kabini. Into ebalulekileyo ye-M1A1, kunye nenzuzo, ukubekwa kwekethi yokulwa. Iigobolondo zifakwe kwinqaba kunye nomzimba ngokwawo. Ukongezelela, kukho izitya zokukhonkqoza. Ukugqithiswa kwesigqibo esinjalo kukuba zonke iibhokhwe zikwinqaba, kwaye yingozi kakhulu kwi-shelling.

Ukuba sithelekisa iitanki zaseRashiya kunye neUnited States malunga nesityalo, ngoko amandla enjini ayalingana. Nangona kunjalo, umatshini waseMelika uxhotyiswe nge-injini ye-turbine injini, enokusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphezu kwe-diesel yaseRussia.

Ukuthelekiswa kwamandla kunye nokulawula umlilo

I-M1A1 kunye ne-M1A2 ifakwe kwisibhamu se-120-mm. Isantya sokuqala se-projectile ngu-1625 m / s, kwaye izinga lomlilo li malunga ne-8 imijikelezo ngomzuzu. Kule meko, izinga lomlilo ngexesha lokunyakaza, ngokukodwa kwimimandla engqongqo, linciphile kakhulu. Iimpawu ziquka izixhobo zokuzibhoboza izixhobo eziphambili. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zininzi iintlobo zeempahla, umzekelo, iM829A1, M829A2, M829A3. Iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iM1A1 kunye neM1A2 zinikezwa ngeebhola ze-M829A3 ezintsha, ezizona ziyingozi kakhulu kwi-T-90 yaseRussia. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli li-tank ethembisayo yase-US enezixhobo ezinamandla. Kodwa makhe sibone oko kwakulungiswa ngabaqulunqi baseRashiya kunye neenjini.

I-T-90 ixhobile ngesibhamu se-125 mm. Isantya sokuqala sendiza ye-projectile yi-1750 metres kwisibini, ephakamileyo kunokuba yi-Abrams. Iimpembelelo zezona ziqendu ziqukethe izixhobo eziphambili ze-armor-piercing sub-caliber projectiles ukusuka kuma-1980. Ngenxa yoko, kungathiwa ngokungena kwinqwelo, iziblokhwe zaseRashiya zalahla emva koko, ngoko kufuneka zitshintshwe ngabantu abatsha. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukutshintsha iimfono ezintsha, kuba kukho ukukhawulelwa kwesicatshulwa sokulayisha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nobude beprojekti efakwe. Isantya somlilo si-8 imijikelezo ngomzuzu. Kwi ntshukumo-malunga ne-6 shots. Enye into ebhalwe yi-T-90 kukuba inayo ye-AREV "Reflex-M". Oku kwenza kube lula ukujolisa ngokufanelekileyo umlilo kumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-3, eziphindwe zihlandlo eziphindwe kabili ngaphezu komda wokutshatyalaliswa kwamanye amatanki anamhlanje. "I-Reflex-M" ikuvumela ukuba unqobe ukulwa kwe-T-90 nangaphambi kokungena kwindawo efanelekileyo yomlilo.

Inkqubo yokulawula umlilo T-90

Kwi-T-90, i-SAM ifakwe ngentsuku kunye nobunzima bokubona ebusuku. Usuku lwamehlo luzinzimelo ezizimeleyo kunye neeplani ezimbini. Oko kuvumela ukuba umqhubi asebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ubunzima bokubona ubusuku bunokuxinwa ngokuxhomekeke kwiiplani ezimbini. Inkcitho yenkqubo enjalo yokulawulwa komlilo kukuba kunzima ukulandelela kunye nomlilo ebusuku ekuhambiseni iithagethi. Ukuguqulwa kwe-T-90S ixhotyiswe ngumbono ophuculweyo ophuculweyo "u-Essa", ovumela ukuba ulandelele ngokuthe ngcembe umlilo ekujoliswe kuwo.

Ukuba sithelekisa amathangi anamhlanje ase-USA kunye neRashiya (Abrams kunye ne-T-90), oku kwahluke ngohlobo lokuba banezixhobo kunye neenjini zengqondo. Esi sixhobo sinxulumene ne-axis ne-horizontal axis yesikhulumi kunye nombonisi wesibuko. Isisombululo sikuvumela ukuba udibanise umsebenzi wezinto ezimbini ezizimeleyo kwiinjongo ezinzima. Umgca ophezulu kukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ubuchule bezobugcisa ngamnye wabo. Abaqondisi ababini baphakanyisiwe. Iyokuqala ihloselwe ukuqeda iimpazamo ekuvumelaneni kokulandelelana kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ezibangelwa ukungalungi kofakelo. Okwesibini kuphelisa iphutha ekufakeni iindlela zokuhambisa. Olunye udidi oluphambili oluvela kwi-Abrams kukuba umlawuli we-T-90 unamandla okutshisa emacaleni omhlaba kunye nomoya ukusuka kwisibhamu somatshini ozinzile.

Inkqubo yokulawula umlilo "Abrams"

I-t1 entsha ye-US iM1A1 inomlinganiselo owodwa obonakalayo, okhoyo kumandla amancinci omlawuli ekufumaneni ithagethi. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhamba kweemoto. Kodwa iphosakela yafunyanwa kwaye yachithwa ekuguqulweni kweM1A2. Kusele kusele ukubonakala kwamehlo amnandi. Kule meko, umlawuli angakwazi ukulandelela ngempumelelo kwaye achaze iithagethi ezihambayo.

I-JMA kwiTanki ye-Abrams yinto yanamhlanje ngaphezu kwe-T-90. Umsunduzi usebenza kunye nombono ophezulu, onomfanekiso wefriji kunye nomcebisi webala. Ubuninzi bomzila wosuku luyi-x3 kunye ne-x10, ngokuzinzileyo. Kukho umncedisi onobuso obunesibhozo ngaphandle kokuzinza. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yolawulo lomlilo kwi-M1A2 ukuguqulwa kunamhlanje. Ilungiselela ubukho beekhamera zengcamango zethematic for the commander and gunner. Iqela lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokulawula umlilo ngokuzenzekelayo. Iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic (ECU) ivumela ukuzinzisa ukuzimela okuzimeleyo, umqhubi wokuphunyezwa. Ngokubanzi, sinokuthi ukuba sithelekisa iitanki zaseRashiya kunye ne-NATO, ngokokugqibela ngokulandela i-JMA iphumelele. Kodwa i-T-90 izuza ngokubanzi kwimida ende.

Kukhuselo lwamathangi "Abrams" kunye ne-T-90

Kuyavuma, ukuphumelela kwezixhobo zokudlala kudlala indima enkulu ekusindeni kwetanki kwibala lemfazwe. Yingakho ukukhuselwa kufuneka kuthathwa njengento ehlukile. I-t1 entsha ye-US iM1A2 inamaqabunga enqabileyo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuncinci kunene kwe-T-90. Ngokomzekelo, inqaba ixhotywe ngamacwecwe ensimbi kunye nabanqabileyo, phakathi kwazo ezipakishwe izixhobo zokubamba izitya kunye nenxalenye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphumelela kokukhuselwa okunjalo kuyanele, kodwa ukuchasana nokubetha kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Amacandelo ombhobho we-M1A2 nawo asemngciphekweni ngaphezu kwe-T-90. Iingcali zithi inqaba yeTanki yaseMelika, nangona ikhuselekile, kodwa ilula ngokulula kwiinqabhoko zokhuselo.

I-T-90 igqoke iinqwelwe zentsimbi. Yinkqubo emithathu yokubeka. Ukongezelela, i-angle engqiqweni yokuzikhethela inxalenye yesikhombiso saloo nqaba ikuvumela ukuba uyisebenzise ngempumelelo. Kwakhona, iitanki zempi zaseRashiya, ngokukodwa i-T-90, zinokukhuselwa okunamandla kohlobo "Uqhagamshelwano-5". Ikhusela kwimiphumo yokuqokelela kunye ne-armor-piercing-subcaliber projectiles. Ndiyabulela ekudalweni kwempembelelo enamandla engundoqo, ingundoqo ibhubha, ekhokelela ekubhujisweni kwayo ngaphambi kokuba idibane ne-armor enkulu ye-tank.

Ziziphi izigqibo eziza kubanjwa?

Ikhuselekile iqela labadlali bee tank, bhetele liza kwenza imisebenzi yalo. Yingakho bahlala bezama ukuphucula izixhobo zangaphambili. Ukususela ngo-Abrams kunye ne-T-90 zaphuhliswa ngexesha leMfazwe yeCold, ininzi ingqalelo ihlawulwe kwingxenyana yangaphambili yemoto yokulwa, eyona nto ekuqhubeni impi kwindawo evulekileyo ebunzini. Kodwa ngexesha langoku kukho ubukhulu obuphezulu bokunqandwa kweTanki kwiimeko zesixeko. Ngenxa yoko, akunakuncedo ukubetha izixhobo zangaphambili ukuya kuma-800 mm ubukhulu, kuba kulula kakhulu ukugubungela ngasemva okanye ngasemva. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ubukhulu beentonga ezingaphezulu kwe-100 mm.

Yingakho iitank ezinzima zaseRussia, kwakunye ne-United States, zinamaqondo athathaka. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kweenzuzo ze-T-90 yinto enokwenzeka yokutshatyalaliswa kweembalo ezikhokelwayo ezikude ukuya kwii-5 km, ukuhamba kakuhle, izinga eliphezulu lomlilo, izixhobo ezikhokelekileyo. Ngokubhekiselele ku "Abrams", ngoko ke akanakho amaqhinga aqinileyo. Abantu baseMerika baxabisa abasebenzi babo, ngoko bahlala behlukanisa ukuhamba. Ukongeza, i-M1A1 kunye ne-M1A2 inegunya elithile eliphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokulawula umlilo. Kodwa ukuthelekiswa kwamathangi aseRashiya naseUnited States akugqibekanga. Ngoku siza kuqwalasela ngamashishini ambalwa anje. Ezi tanks ziphantsi kokwakhiwa, kodwa sele sele ziyazi ukuba ziya kuqaliswa kumthumeli kungekudala.

Iitanki ezintsha zaseRashiya: "Armata"

Umshini wokulwa obala "i-Armata" yenzelwe ukuthatha indawo ye-T-72, i-T-80, kunye neT-90. Iingcali ziqaphele ukuba umgangatho wezobukhosi we-"Armata" uya kuba ngaphezulu kwe-20-30% kunezo zonke iziganeko kwihlabathi. Iinkalo eziphambili, nokuba kunjalo, umahluko weTanki ukusuka kwi-T-90, ngaba loo nto, i-tank yamanzi kunye nezixhobo zokulwa ziya kuthunyelwa kumagumbi ahlukeneyo. Oku kuya kukwandisa ukusinda kwinqaba, nangaphandle kokungena kweentonga. Iyunithi iya kuxhotyiswa ngeenjini eziyi-1200 zamahashe, eziza kubonelela ngokwaneleyo ngokulinganisa ubunzima beetoni ezingama-50.

Kungatsholwa ukuba isixhobo esiyinhloko saseRashiya ngamatank, kunye nezibhamu ezizimele. Oku kubangelwa ukuba bangaphezulu kwamaMelika, ngo-20-35%. Nangona kunjalo, ukusinda kwetheknoloji ngokubanzi kuphantsi. Yingakho abaphuhlisi bahlawule ngokukodwa ukukhuselwa kwe "Armata". Olu luhlu "olukhethiweyo" olubandakanya izitye, i-ceramic kunye neengxowa zembumba. Ukusebenzisa ibakala elitsha lensimbi livunyelwe ukwandisa iimpawu zesikrweba ngama-15% kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukunciphisa ubunzima beemoto ngemali efanayo. "I-Armata" iya kuxhotyiswa ngesibhamu esingama-125-mm, esifana nesixhobo saseJamani uL-55, kodwa siphezulu kwiimpawu zayo zobugcisa ngama-20%. Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kunye nokunyuka kokungena kwenzelwe ukuba ngumpu.

Ngoko sahlola iitank ezintsha zaseRashiya. "I-Armata" kunye ne-T-90 zizona zilungileyo kakhulu. Kwaye ngoku-malunga nokuphuhlisa okuthembisayo kwe-US.

Iitanki zanamhlanje zase-USA: uphuhliso lweembono

Okwangoku, amaMerika avelisi amatangi amatsha. Ngokona nxalenye, bahlala kwi-Modern M1A1 kunye neM1A2. Enyanisweni, kukho ukuqhubela phambili kwezinye iindawo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo ihlabathi liya kubona amatanki amasha e-US, nangona ulwazi luyimfihlakalo kwaye into ayinakuthethwa ngokuqiniseka kwesi sihloko. Mhlawumbi, iimoto ezintsha ziya kuvela ekupheleni konyaka we-2015, malunga naba bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazi nto.

Kodwa sele esaziwa ukuba uphuhliso luya kwenziwa kwindlela yokuphucula ukuhamba kakuhle nokuhamba kweemoto zokulwa, ngoko ke, amatanki e-US anamhlanje uya kuba neenqwelo ezincinci, inqwelwana elinamandla kunye neyunithi yamandla. Kunoko, sithetha ngokubaluleka, kwaye kungekhona ngamathangi okujoliswe ukuba ahlangane nentloko. Ngokukodwa, ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zabasebenzi 2 okanye abathathu abanentonga engabikhoyo. Umzekelo, imoto yokulwa kunye nabasebenzi abayi-2 iya kuba nenjini ye-horse 1500, i-silhouette ephantsi. Kule meko, ubunzima, xa kuthelekiswa neM1A1, kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-20-30%, eya kunyusa amandla athile.

Kunzima ukuthetha ukuba ngaba iitanks ezinjalo ziya kuba se-Arsenal yase-US, kodwa ukuphuhliswa kwabo kuqhutywe, kodwa ulwazi malunga neempawu zobugcisa kunye nekhono loomatshini kwi-battlefield alubonakali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaMerika aneM1A2 kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo. Ezi tanks zidibana neemfuno zanamhlanje kwaye zinokusebenza kakuhle, kubandakanywa nokusinda, empini. Ngenxa yoko, abayi kubaguqula okwamanje. Eyona mihla kakhulu kwaye igqibelele ngamateksi aseMelika aseTUSK. Oku kukuguqulwa kwe-M1A2, equka phambi koomatshini oshishino olawulwa kude kunye nokukhuselwa kwam umgangatho womshini.

Isiphelo

Ngoko senza uthelekiso oluncinane lweetanki zaseRashiya kunye neUnited States. Njengoko uyakubona, amazwe omabini anakho amandla amakhulu empi. Phakathi kwe-T-90 kunye ne-Abrams, ukulwa kweenkampani (10x10) zafaniswa, ezibonisa ukuba i-T-90 iyasebenza kakhulu kwimimiselo yendawo ye-steppe. Ngelo xesha, indawo ye-bumpy inikeza inzuzo, nokuba yincinci, kwindlela yaseMelika. Oku kubangelwa ukuba kwiimeko ezinzima kunzima ukutshisa kumgama omde, kwaye ikakhulukazi iinqwelo ezikhokelwayo.

Ingxaki ebalulekileyo ye-T-90 kukuba zonke iiphuculo kunye nophuhliso luhlobo lweelungelo lobunikazi, kunye neesampuli. Akukho manqaku amanyathelo athatyathwa ukuphucula iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo, ezinamandla kunye nomlilo. Ukongezelela, ingxaki yokuqeqeshwa ngokwaneleyo kweqela leetanki libukhali, ekuthi, ngokukhawulelana okukhulu, kufuneka kuphendule ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Oku kufuna amava. Bobabini iAbrams kunye ne-T-90 zizinye zezona zinto zilungileyo kakhulu. Cinga itanki elithi "Armada" nje ngokuba ngumgqatswa wangempela, kunye nokuphuhliswa kweMelika, akunangqiqo. Oku kungenxa yokuba itanki ihlolwa ngexesha lovavanyo kwiziko lokuvavanya, kwaye kungekhona kwi-hangar. Kungabonakala ukuba kulungile, kwaye kwinqanaba lezinto ezibonakalayo, iimpembelelo ezibalulekileyo ziya kubonakala. Apha, ngokusemgangathweni, nayo yonke into enokuthi ichazwe ngokufutshane malunga namatanki kwi-arsenal yase-US naseRashiya. Baye baphumelela ngokufanayo nje kuphela ngokwahlukileyo.