Ukuqhuma kwe-Volcanic eKamchatka: imiphumela, ifoto

Kutheni ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic eKamchatka kwenzeka kaninzi? Yisiphi isizathu sokwenza utyhafu oluthile? Yaye yintoni isongela ummandla wendawo yokubhema kubantu abasondeleyo? Kule nqaku siya kuzama ukuqonda le ngxaki. Kwaye siya kubamba iqela leentaba-mlilo ezintle kunazo zonke eKamchatka. Emva koko, bangabakhadi bamashishini bokhenketho. Xa uva ilizwi elithi "Kamchatka", ngokuqhelekileyo imifanekiso yobunzima ixhaphaza engqondweni yakho: i-tundra, imifudlana yeentaba, iintaba ze-steam eziphakamileyo zivela ngaphantsi komhlaba njengeziqhumiso kwithempeli lobuhedeni ... Konke oku - malunga nemvelaphi yeentaba-mlilo eziqingqiweyo, Ukusuka kwi-wigwam enkulu yamaqhwa, umsi uvuka esibhakabhakeni. Xa ulapha, unesivakalelo esikhethekileyo: njengokungathi isilwanyana esinamandla nesesabekayo silala kufuphi. Yintoni eya kwenzeka ngomzuzu ozayo, xa ejika, evula amehlo akhe, evuka?

I-Ring Yamlilo yePacific

Masiqale siqonde isizathu sezinto ezinokuqhuma kwe-volcanic eKamchatka. I-peninsula, kunye neIvril Islands neAleutian Islands, iJapan kunye ne-Alaska, inxalenye ye-Pacific Fiery Belt. Isizathu salo msebenzi sisezantsi, oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kwee-Eurasian ne-sea platets of the lithosphere komnye nomnye. Ukungqubuzana kwabo kubangela ukuzamazama komhlaba rhoqo kunye namagqabha e-magma emhlabeni. "I-Ring of Fire" iyakujikeleza yonke imida yaseLwandle lwePacific, ukusuka kwisiqalo se- polar esisentla ukuya kwi-equator ukuya e-Antarctica. Eyona nto isebenzayo ngokwemisebenzi yentshukumo ye-Indonesia, nakwelizwe lethu - iKamchatka. Ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic kuphawulwe ngamanye amaninzi ngonyaka. Kwaye le meko yenye yeenjongo zabakhenkethi ukutyelela ilizwe elibukhali nelihle.

Kukho i-volcano engaphezu kwamawaka amathathu eKamchatka. Ngelo xesha, ubuncinane abangamashumi amathathu nesine kubo abalala.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Luhlobo luni lwe-volcano kufuneka lubhekiswe kwiyona nto ininzi kakhulu eKamchatka? Ukuba siqhubeka ukusuka kwiparameter ye-altitude, ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo uKlyuchevskaya Sopka ukhokelela. Le yintaba ye-volcano ebaluleke kakhulu e-Eurasia. Ukuphakama kwayo ngokupheleleyo ngamanqanaba angama-4750 kumgangatho wolwandle. I-Kliuchevskaya nayo yaziwa ngokuba ngamasekethe ayo. Iqhekeza eligqibeleleyo elinesigqabi, eligqithiswe ngqanda, apho umsi womsi uhlala uvela khona, wawuthathwa njengongcwele phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka - intombazana enhle kunye nengenangqondo. Ngamanye amaxesha uya e-hibernation iminyaka emihlanu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uyabetha rhoqo ngenyanga. Kodwa kufuneka sikhokhele iKlyuchevskaya Sopka. Akayiyo igazi. Ilali elisondeleyo laseKlyuchi liquka umlotha ovuthayo lwe-volcanic ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa iingxaki zenzeke, ngokutsho kweengcali, kuphela ngephutha yabantu, abafuna ukujonga ngokugqithiseleyo ukuqhutyelwa kwe-volcano eKamchatka. Iifoto ezenziwe ngabatyeleli beentaba ziba ngowokugqibela ebomini babo.

Koryaksky

Kanti unako ukuqonda abantu abaye bathelwa emngciphekweni wobomi babo, bakhethe kufuphi nomlilo wokutshisa i-lava ukuze bathabathe ukuqhuma kwe-volcano eKamchatka. Yeyiphi imbala nebalalayo iifoto! Kodwa, mhlawumbi, umkhenketho ongakulungiseleli kufuneka azibophe kwiifoto zePetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky? Esi sixeko sizungezwe iindawo ezintle zeentaba-mlilo ezimbini - iKoryaksky neAvachinsky. Iyokuqala, ngendlela, ihlala kwindawo ehamba phambili ngokubhekiselele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Kuyinto (ukusuka kwiindawo eziphezulu ukuya kuma-3300 metres).

UKlyuchevskaya Sopka "ukhula" kwintlambo ye-stratovolcano yamandulo. Oku kuchaza ukuphakama kwayo malunga neekhilomitha ezintlanu malunga nenqanaba leLwandle lwaseMhlabeni. Kwaye ngaphandle kwe "pedestal" uKliuchevskoy wenyuka kuphela amawaka amathathu eemitha. Kodwa izazinzulu zibiza i-Koryak stratovolcano. Isiskithi sakhe esinamandla kwi-3456m ephakamileyo ngaphezu kolwandle kunxweme. Kwaye kuphela kwiintlobo ze-fumaroles ziphakama phezulu.

Kamchatka indoda enhle

Ukuba sithetha ngokufezekiswa kweefom, ngoko ke kwi-peninsula akukho nto inokuthelekiswa nentaba yaseKronotsky. Ukuphakama kwayo ngokupheleleyo ngu-3528 m, kwaye ukuphakama kwesiqhelo ngu-3100. Le ntaba inomjikelezo oqhelekileyo, ogqithiswe ngophotho. Indoda enhle iyakuthanda ukucinga kwayo emanzini aseLakchatka. Kule mandla kufuneka u tyelele i-caldera yase-Uzon. Ukugqitywa kokugqibela kwe-volcano eKamchatka kwenzeka iminyaka elinesibhozo nesiqingatha kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kutheni le nto yayifumene ne-funnel enemiqhele ephakamileyo eneekhilomitha ezili-10. Apha, imilambo ebandayo ifaka kunye nemithombo yamanzi ashushu, apho, nangona iqondo lokushisa elikufutshane nelo lokubilisa, iibhaktheriya kunye ne-algae zihlala. Njengokuba kuhlamba, iibhere zizulazula ngotongwe olufudumele, zifakwe kwisitya. Ngokomgaqo, ukukhenketho kwiNtaba yaseKronotsky kuphephile. Kodwa le ntsimi igcinwe.

Karymsky

Ukuqhuma kwe-Volcanic eKamchatka kwenzeka kaninzi. Kodwa irekhodi lomsebenzi nguKarymsky. Kuphantsi (malunga nesiqingatha samawaka ngamamitha ngaphezu kolwandle). I-Karymsky yakhiwa kuphela iminyaka eyi-6 000 eyadlulayo. Olu lutsha luchaza "uhlobo lokuqhuma." Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, intaba-mlilo "buzil" ngamashumi amabini anesithathu. Eyona nto ikhunjulwe ngokugqithiseleyo ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic yokugqibela e-Kamchatka. Imiphumo yalo msebenzi weminyaka emibili (1996-1998) ayikwazi ukugqithiswa. Ukongezelela ukuqhuma, iibhobho zamatye kunye nomlotha, kwakukho ukuqhuma ngaphantsi kweLwandle leKarymsky. Ngenxa yoko, amakhulu eminyikima yakha i-tsunami. Amagagasi afikelela kwiimitha ezili-15.

Kodwa akukho tsunami yabangela ingozi enkulu. Iqondo lokushisa elwandle landa ngokukhawuleza, amanzi azaliswe ngamacidi kunye nosawoti ukusuka kumagma. Ngenxa yoko, bonke ubomi kwindawo yamanzi yendalo yalahleka. Ngaphambili, i-echibi lalibizwa ngokuba yi-ultra-fresh. Ngoku iyaziwa njengeyona mikhulu kwihlabathi ngamanzi acidic.

Eminye imiphumo yokuqhuma kwe-volcanic eKamchatka

Wonke umntu ukhumbula indlela ngo-2010 i-Eyyafyatlayokudl yase-Iceland yakhubazeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa inkonzo yomoya eYurophu. Intaba yaseKamchatka ingaphonsa i-jet ye-steam kunye ne-ash to miles. Nangona kunjalo, imimoya yomeleleyo yomoya kule ndawo kunye nokufuphi kwe-olwandle yenza loo nto inqande ukuhamba kweebhanoyi zexesha elifutshane. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo imisebenzi kaKlyuchevskaya Sopka, i-Kizimena kunye nezinye iziqhumane zibangele ukukhathazeka ngabalawuli bomhlaba. Banika iikhowudi ze-yellow, ze-orange kunye nobomvu-ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokusongela kwi-aircraft eyadlula kubo. Emva koko, kwenzeka kwakhona ukuba abemi bee Keys abaziboneli ngesandla sabo ngenxa yomlotha okhishwe nguKlyuchevskaya Sopka.

Ukuqhuma kwe-Volcanic eKamchatka kunokuthatha ixesha elide. I-sulfur gases iphunyuke kwiindawo ezininzi . Ukuba uhleli emngciphekweni we-crat Maly Semyachik, ukuncoma ukutshaya i-lake eluhlaza, ngoko kwimozulu engenamoya uya kuqala ukuhlaselwa kukukhwehlela. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe iinyawo zakho ngokukhawuleza ngobuhle obubuhlungu.