Ukuqhawula kwi-injini: ezibangela nemiphumo

Wonke umqhubi umva ngezinye iinkhathi kufuneka ave ngqonkqo ngelixa injini isebenza. Yintoni eyenza ezi zandi kwaye ziyakwazi ukubona ukuba yiyiphi inxalenye engaphandle komyalelo?

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo

Njengomthetho, unqonkqoza kwinjinjini ngokucoca ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokupholisa kubangelwa ngenxa yokuba i-gap phakathi kwamalungu kwintsebenziswano iyanda. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sandi sizwakala ngokucacileyo xa isithuba siba sisihlandlo esicatshulwa kathathu. Njengoko ukukhushulwa kwenyuka, izinga lokunyuka kwenxalenye yeenjini liyakhula, kwaye ukugodla kuyanda.

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho imeko apho kunqonkqoza injini kunye nobukhulu bendawo yegap. Kule meko, inokubangelwa zizizathu ezinjengeemithwalo enkulu kwinjini, i-skewing kunye ne-jamming enye yeengxenye, ukunciphisa i-viscosity yeoli ngenxa yokugqithisa okanye ukuxubusha ngolunye utywala (umzekelo, xa amafutha angena kwioli).

Qinisekisa ngesandi

Siza kwenza ukugcinwa kwangoko kanye-ukuchaza ukungqongqoza kwinjinini yokuva ngezinye izihlandlo kakhulu kunomqhubi wemoto onamava. Kodwa imithetho ekhoyo ikhona.

Ukuba ukukhwaza kubonakala rhoqo, kuyafaneleka ukuvavanya injini kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko kuyaziwa, iipameter yemoya yokusebenza yensiza yisevini ye-crankshaft kunye nomthwalo, okwandisa njengoko kuvulwe i- throttle. Ukuba, ngokunyuka kwinqanaba lejinjini, isandi sikhulisa, ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho iingxaki kufuneka zifunwe kwiqela le- piston kunye nendlela yokuhambisa igesi.

Njengoko umthwalo wanda, uxinzelelo kwiimilinda luya kwanda kwaye, ngoko ke, umthwalo kwiindawo ezihambayo zeenjini zanda, okokuqala, iqela le-piston. Ngoko ke, phambi kweemeko kwi-crank mechanism, ingqongqo kwinjini iyanda njengoko umthwalo ukwanda.

Ngoku makhe sizame ukunqumla "inkqonkqozo" iinkcukacha ngokubaluleka kwintonga. Ukuba, ngelixa injini isebenza ngokungenalutho, uva i-thud, ngoko ke, njengoko inani lokujika liye landa, liba likhawuleza kwaye lidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo, litshitshisa i-crankshaft apho iibheki ze-crankshaft okanye iibhereshftft ziphelile. Isizathu sinokuba sisitshintsho esingalindelekanga sefayile yeoli okanye yeoli.

Umntu ofile odibanisa injini "ebandayo", oko kukuthi, xa uqala injini yebandayo, unokubonisa ukuba ugqoke iimbombo ze-camshaft. Njengomthetho, ukunqongqoza akuhlali ngaphezu kweminye imizuzwana, ide iwele ioli. Ukuba unogqabha uya kulahleka, ngoko ke nge-camshaft enjalo unako ukuqhuba ukufikelela kwi-50,000 km. Kamva, ingqungquthela iyaba yinto evakalayo nangona i-injini efudumeleyo iqaliswa, kwaye ukungahoywa kwinjineli kubangela imeko apho ukunyuka kwepetroli kwanda, iimpawu zokuqala zecandelo lombane liyehla, kwaye iifake kwisitulo se-valve ifakwe. Isizathu sokuba isambatho seebhanki ze-camshaft sinokuba ngumgangatho ococekileyo weoli, usebenze ekungabikho kweoli okanye ukungabikho kwayo, ioli okanye ukungcola ukungena kwioli.

Ingqungquthela encinci ingqongqo kwi-injini, eyenzekayo xa iinguqulelo zanda, ziyakubonisa ukucinywa. Leli gama lento apho uphethiloli luvutha ngamakhulu amaxesha ngokukhawuleza kunokuba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Xa i-detonation ivela kumatshini wokutshitshiswa, okwenzeka ngexesha lokuhamba kwepiston phantsi kwamaxesha amathandathu kubonakaliswe kwipiston kunye nentloko ye-cylinder, ngelixa kubangela ukukhwaza okufanayo. Ukongeza kokukhonkqoza, ukukhunjulwa kungabonakaliswa ngedonsi yamandla injini, ukuxubha kweyunithi ngethuba lokusebenza, ukugqithisa kwentloko ye-cylinder. Isizathu sokukhunjulwa kukusetyenziswa kwe-octane ephantsi, ukwakheka kwekhabhoni kwidibansi elitshisa, ukungaphumeleli kwegesi yokukhupha igesi. Umphumo wokutshatyalaliswa ngumonakalo kwiipistoni kunye namasongo e-piston.