Ukupeyinta Zhostovo. Elements Zhostovo ukupeyinta. mveliso Zhostovo yokudweba zokuhombisa

Bamangaliswa ezahlukeneyo kunye eyahlukahlukeneyo imibala, ngaphakathi phezu komhlaba abamnyama okanye abebala neengcedevu Zhostovo iifom yokudweba eqaqambileyo iipatheni seentyatyambo salo, zinokuhonjiswa iinkcukacha intle. rose Fine kunye poppy nebomvu, imipha cornflowers elula echukumisayo, peonies kunye Aster bamakhazikhazi unyulu edityaniswe ngeentyatyambo ezingaziwayo kodwa akukho ngaphantsi ezintle. Iintaka amabhabhathane, iintlobo ngeentlobo amaqunube kunye neziqhamo khangela ngathi abahlala izinto ezinjalo elula, ngemihla ezifana iitreyi. Zingaphi musa ukufuna, akusayi kufumana naziphi na yetreyi efanayo - nganye yahlukile! Savela phi kubugcisa enjalo, njengoko kwenza izinto ezimangalisayo ezinjalo, apho ungakwazi ukuthatha izifundo Zhostovo ukupeyinta? Malunga oku malunga neempawu yokudweba phezu otyhidiweyo, uphawu amagcisa ukusuka eMoscow Zhostovo, eli nqaku liza kukuxelela.

Imbali ivela lacquer painting

Le yokuqala, ngokutsho data zembali zakudala, ziye yoncutshe lacquer womzobo Chinese. amawaka aliqela eminyaka eyadlulayo ngexesha Shang Yin, abahlali IsiTshayina ihonjiswe lacquer imizobo izinto zasekhaya kunye izinto zemihla ngemihla, izixhobo kunye nempahla lokuhlambulula.

Emva China lacquer ukupeyinta art kumazwe oyisa of Indochina, ePersi India, Japan kunye Korea. Kwimeko nganye kwezi kwimimandla lacquer ukupeyinta ubuchule zazive-, ezisekelwe phezu izithethe lobuciko, kodwa zokuboleka amava amagcisa abasuka kwamanye amazwe.

Njengoko lacquer painting weza eRashiya?

abarhwebi yaseYurophu kwi XVI-XVII iinkulungwane, urhwebo kunye amazwe mpuma Asia, bazisa imizekelo emangalisayo eziqatywe epeyintiweyo ukuba kwilizwe labo. Ngokukhuthazwa ubuhle kunye nentsusa eyahlukahlukeneyo kwifomu kunye nenjongo izinto Oriental, Zazihonjiswe ngemifanekiso lacquered, mongameli kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu baqalisa ukwenza uze uhombise ezahlukahlukeneyo izinto isimbo "Chinese".

uphuhliso kakhulu kwimveliso izifundo, lacquer ezihonjiswe imizobo, kumazwe aseYurophu afana Holland, eNgilani, Germany nase France, kwenzeka kuphela kwinkulungwane XVIII.

usomashishini phambene Nikita Akinfievich Demidov babehamba kakhulu eYurophu, apho waba nomdla ingcamango lacquer womzobo. Ngowe-1778, kule Urals, Nizhny Tagil, Urals baqala ukuvela lokuloba intyatyambo ukupeyinta kwi metal.

Ukwenzeka Zhostovo ivanishi Irestyu kwi Metal

Made in the Urals kunye ezihonjiswe lacquer beqabe kwizikhongozelo zesinyithi, neengcedevu, imiphanda kunye amabhakethi, kunye nezinye izinto zemihla ngemihla zathengiswa kuphela bakurholela zasekuhlaleni Krestovskaya Irbit, kodwa kwi mboniso National Makarevskoy e Nizhny Novgorod.

Mhlawumbi ibonwa apha iimveliso iinkosi phambene ephefumlelweyo abazalwana Vishnjakova kwi lacquer zipeyintwe neengcedevu yesinyithi. Vishnjakova ishishini losapho ukususela ngo-1825 ukuya phambili ikakhulu ukupeyinta lacquer iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe papier-intlama - iibhokisi zaso, amatyala umdiza, albhamu, iswekile isitya kunye neebhokisi.

Ukususela ngo1830, uninzi ezivenkileni ibekwe kwiidolophana Emnye kumarhamente, ezifana noBathathu Emnye, Khlebnikov kunye Zhostovo liphela izinto ezenziwe papier-intlama, kwaye watshintshela yokuveliswa kunye zipeyintwe neengcedevu netyhidiweyo.

Kufutshane ukuba ikomkhulu lokuloba avunyelwe ukuyenza ngaphandle njengabalamli yaye imarike ngcembe, kwakunye efikelelekayo ukuthenga izinto eziyimfuneko.

History of uphuhliso lorhwebo

Ukuqala imi--30 kwinkulungwane XIX ukwenza kunye nokuhombisa izithebe lacquered ngentsimbi metal phantse zonke iilali eziyingqongileyo. Ngeli xesha Zhostovo ukupeyinta onamava kwincopho yokuthandwa kwayo. Kwiminyaka emva kokuba revolution imfuno iinkosi iimveliso Zhostovo wawa kabukhali, ekhokelela kumanyano wamagcisa saa kwamazwe amancinane zobungcali.

Ngowe-1928, bonke op encinane Emnye oyiNgcwele, Novosiltsev Zhostovo kunye nezinye iidolophu eziyingqongileyo zaye zahlangana wobunye "Metallopodnos 'zikhethekileyo Kumbindi Wolawulo in Zhostovo.

Ixesha inzima Zhostovo ukupeyinta, njengoko inkoliso yezinye yezandla, 40-50s intsimbi ngenkulungwane yokugqibela. Yaba ngeli xesha ngokubonakalayo yehle nokukhululwa neengcedevu zaso, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ukwandisa imveliso iimveliso okuloba abantwana non-core yakhe. ukupeyinta Zhostovo abantwana - ezincinane ngamaplanga nentsimbi ye yetreyi, amabhakethi kunye nemihlakulwana, ezihonjiswe izakhi ngamnye.

imbali yanamhlanje

"Nobudlelwane" Khrushchev kaThixo wenza umahluko entle kubomi lokuloba. Ngowe-1960, op 'Metallopodnos "kwaba ihlelwe yaye igama layo ngoku - Zhostovo mveliso yokudweba zokuhombisa. Ingqalelo evela kurhulumente, intsebenziswano esebenzayo yeenkosi kunye abaphengululi inxaxheba kwimiboniso ngaphakathi kunye nangaphandle ezahlukeneyo ziye zavumela lokuloba ukuphuma lentlekele ixesha elide.

Namhlanje le mveliso asebenza ngenkuthalo, imisebenzi abasebenzi wombhali kumagcisa zakhe ayivathise ukucacisa yeemyuziyam ezininzi ehlabathini lonke, kwakunye kwikhaya abanegama kwenkcubeko, ezenzululwazi kunye nezopolitiko.

Iimpawu wesiseko

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, Zhostovo painting yaphuhliswa phantsi kwempembelelo wentyatyambo womzobo phambene kwi metal. Kodwa iinkosi Zhostovo ekuqaleni kwaye ubuciko izinto ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe papier-intlama, baba nako ukuthumela zonke bakufumeneyo zobugcisa neengcedevu yesinyithi. Kuba iingubo zabo, basebenzisa ezaqanjwa zabo, ngokunjalo copal ivanishi okhethekileyo.

ifuthe Akukho ngaphantsi malunga nabalobi nophuhliso zibekwe kufutshane nombindi miniatures lacquer lukutinskih. Kuba ukusekwa zobugcisa Zhostovo ukupeyinta nempembelelo Rostov lwawo kunye mibala iintyatyambo Ivanovo imizila umqhaphu, kunye porcelain painting, yenzelwa kwi-mveliso ipoma.

Ukususela oko nendlela ukwenza neengcedevu?

izithebe Zhostov Modern zenziwe ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokuwanyathela kunye omgunyathi.

Ngenxa eqhelekileyo sheet metal koomatshini ezikhethekileyo ngomatshini ukwenza okusilelayo for neengcedevu imilo ezisemgangathweni kunye nobukhulu. Okulandelayo, ngendlela press yombane ngokusebenzisa ngumngundo ezizodwa nesitampu zidibene zakusa seaming elintlangothi - interlining. Itreyi bead ukuba lukhuni, uza ukuziqengqa.

Amagcisa Zhostovo ukupeyinta unako ukusebenza nje kuphela iifomu neengcedevu eqhelekileyo. ukhetho lwabo kukho 26 Iifom eqhelekileyo ukusuka apho ukukhetha yoyilo efanelekileyo. Ngoko, ukuba yodwa, unobangela kuthathwa farrier (mkhandi), yabanini zomgunyathi yetreyi yeKDE. Ngenxa yoku, amaxwebhu zesinyithi eziliqela kunye isikere ngesandla kunqunyulwa isibiyeli, apho kamva, phantsi kwempembelelo ihamile uza kuncothulwa kunkqonkqoza. Xa seaming edge ufake yetreyi iingcingo ezizodwa, enika amandla ayo uze ilungelelanise ngokwayo isando buthelezi.

Njengoko neengcedevu zilungiselelwa ngenxa yokudweba?

Xa neengcedevu ezo imilo seamed, ukuba lulungele omabini amacala putty equlathe itshokhwe, exutywe ioli yokomisa. Xa yetreyi lulungele lomiswa lezonka ekhethekileyo, inkosi gruntovschik ipolishi phezu kunye sandpaper, uze kusebenza ngomnye umaleko putty. Ngaphambili yetreyi layigubungela ezimbini primer black umaleko equka kaolin ngodongwe, separafini, umle Dutch kunye namafutha. umaleko ngalinye womile kwaye likhazimlisiwe ngenyameko. Namhlanje, ngendlela esilwazingalo primer ayisetyenziswanga, iyasetyenziswa endaweni umonakalo ukusuka zokuchela mveliso lomhlaba emdaka. Emva kokuba yaphuse lulungele shpaklyuyut itreyi kwaye zonekwe. Emva koko putty itreyi olugudisiweyo ngesandla ngelitye elirhabaxa.

Kuphela koko lisetyenziswa kwi yetreyi ngesithambiso esimnyama ngokusekelwe turpentine, yaye emva kokuba yaphuse kube kanye maleko 2-3 wawutyabeka emnyama oyile ivanishi. Yetreyi esomileyo wachuba zidluliselwa wegcisa kwi womzobo.

Njani aneemvelaphi ngombala neengcedevu?

mveliso Zhostovo ukupeyinta zokuhombisa, ukongeza neengcedevu bemveli kunye imvelaphi black, silwenza iimveliso, ezo aneemvelaphi ezibomvu, bhlowu, eluhlaza kunye nezuba. Ukudala phezu yetreyi surface i maleko ubhityileyo lacquer sokukhanya. De kube ezingekomiswa, afefe ngobhedu okanye nomgubo aluminiyam. Xa imvelaphi metallized owomileyo, ulipeyinte umbala ofuna lessirovochnomu Iipeyinti, ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwa olunzulu kunye ngokupheleleyo eyomeleleyo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo ebengezelayo, ngathi imvelaphi iyakhanya.

Yokudweba kwisiqalo umbala kufuna utshintsho umbala njengoko iimpawu kunye nobuchule. Ngenxa yoko, kuphela ezikhethiweyo kancinane ilitha kwaye emva komntu kancinane azotywe.

Art painting Zhostovo yetreyi

Zhostovo iingcibi enze iibhrashi unomatse umzobo ezizodwa kunye neepeyinti oyile exutywe kunye turpentine neoli linseed. igcisa ngasinye kwangaxeshanye ukusebenza iimveliso eziliqela. Ukuze kuveliswe nesingxobo kusetyenziswa ngepeyinti emhlophe ivanishi (gulfarba), afefe ngumgubo-aluminiyam, okanye ekuthiwa igolide bunyibilike - exutywe turpentine okanye umgubo lacquer igolide ngaphaya.

ukupeyinta Zhostovo kwenziwa ngokwezigaba ezibini: zamalevka kunye ngokulula. Xa inyathelo zamalevki ngokubanzi ibhrashi igcisa itsalela ngal nokwakheka iphambili phezu lonxibelelwano yetreyi. Ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa isebenzisa yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano (razbelennye) uchaza. Emva koko Itreyi isicelo zamalevkoy yomile iiyure 12 cabinet yokomisa.

Emva koko, inkosi iqala kwaye isenza ethwele kwiindawo eqaqambileyo, ugunyazisa ukuba izithunzi zakudala ilitha umisela ezinikeza umthamo we nokwakheka. Stamens seentyatyambo amagqabi wachuba iindawo imigca silhouetted ezibhityileyo. izinto ezinkulu Zhostovo ukupeyinta, ezifana neentyantyambo ezinkulu, ezinxulumene ezincani iziqu, ingca kunye nezinye iindawo nokwakheka. I latest deal nezidanga ebhodini.

umsebenzi Kugqityiwe ezintathu ibengezela kunye ivanishi kwakunye lomiswa oveni, ngoko indawo ngesandla otpolirovyvayut andigqibe esipilini.

mibala ukupeyinta Basic

Amaninzi Zhostovo amagcisa enze amalungiselelo iintyatyambo ngohlobo amaqoqo, leyo ngesingqi alternating igadi enkulu kunye zasendle ezincinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i zililo isiseko zenza iintyatyambo ezininzi ezinkulu, ezifana rose, Aster, peony, eTulip dahlia okanye ingqongwe iintyatyambo evakalala amancinci kunye amathupha, ebhityile oqhagamshelwano phakathi akubangelwa, amasetyana kunye namagqabi. Ukongezelela iintyatyambo igadi ezinkulu, amanye amagcisa kuziswe kwindawo yokuqala ukwakhiwa ezindilisekileyo ntyatyambo, iinyibiba, bindweed okanye pansies.

Amaqoqo ezifana igadi kunye neentyatyambo zasendle nga kumana kunye nomfanekiso iziqhamo, namaqunube, iintaka kunye amabhabhathane. Ngamanye amaxesha ngabapeyinti ibonisa neengcedevu sekunjalo nje lifes iziqhamo okanye ngamalunda amaqunube ezifana rowan.

Ukongeza amalungiselelo iintyatyambo, yaye lo mntu wadala Zhostovo umzobo, ifoto apho ungabona ngezantsi. Njengomgaqo, liveza izicaphulo ubomi abantu abaqhelekileyo, indawo, umhlaba, ngokunjalo ihashe trio. Ubukhulu becala, Zhostovo painting (imifanekiso lucaciswa kule nqaku) - eneneni khona ubugcisa.

Yokuvakalisa kuthetha Zhostovo Applied Arts

Ekuqaleni, ubume ngenxa neengcedevu zaye zathathwa imizobo, kodwa abachaza ngayo igcisa ngamnye lakhe. Namhlanje iinkosi ukuqaphela abhalwa ngoku yamandulo, kodwa sifuna ukufumana ezintsha.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi ngamnye ezaqanjwa Zhostovo ukupeyinta ukuba abhaliwe moya yaye enxulumene ukwenza itreyi, baye bathunyelwa ngokupheleleyo ubunzulu enemiqathango kunye nomthamo azotywe izinto. Enye indlela ebalulekileyo ibinzana Zhostovo lwezobugcisa zesingqisho kunye nombala nokugqwesa mfanekiso.

Can I ukufunda?

Funda oko Zhostovo ukupeyinta, ukuba bazobe le ndlela, kunokwenzeka kwi Zhostovo. Ngelo mveliso, imveliso leyo idume ehlabathini lonke, kukho akhokelwa nangethuba le neengcedevu myuziyam kunye neeklasi inkosi ekusondeleni lacquer. Phantse yonke sixeko arhente ezinika umdla umnikelo niye kwibhanya-mveliso, apho ungabona ukuba ukwenza njani Zhostovo ukupeyinta. iklasi inkosi kuyo nazo zibonelelwe yi the program. Trip ku Zhostovo unako kuququzelelwa ngokuzimeleyo, pre-ukuqhagamshelana imyuziyam kunye neeyure yokuyifaka zokusebenza.