Lo kaloliwe yokuqala Stephenson and Cherepanovs

Lo kaloliwe yokuqala Stephenson kunye Cherepanovs abe intuthuko enkulu kweli candelo lezobuchwepheshe. Ezi zixhobo yokuqala ezazisetyenziswa njengoko ibambelele amandla koololiwe emgaqweni noololiwe. Ngokwemveli, lo kaloliwe yomphunga yokuqala ukuvela enkosi imigudu injineli IsiNgesi George Stephenson.

iinjini abaliqela umphunga walungiselela iminyaka 14 - kwisithuba ukususela ngo-1814 ukuya 1828. bonke baqala ukubaleka kwimigca ezincinane, emalunga amashishini mveliso.

Lo kaloliwe yokuqala Stephenson kunye Cherepanovs line ezinkulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwaba nzima ukwenza kaloliwe olusebenzisekayo. Kuphela ngo-1825, Stephenson walungelelanisa isityalo yokuqala kaloliwe e Darlington, apho kaloliwe "Lokomoshen" yakhiwa, leyo yaqalwa ngu Stoleon-Darlington kaloliwe. umsebenzi ogqwesileyo umzila kaloliwe yaba negalelo iziporo yandile kunye nezityalo kaloliwe.

Imodeli ngokuba zikaloliwe zomphunga ezilandelayo baba "Rocket" - kaloliwe umphunga ezakhiwa Stephenson ngo-1829. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu kwi-Russian Vyisky sisityalo Umkhandi Mironom Efimovichem Cherepanovym wakha yasekhaya "ilizwe iphenyane" yokuqala, okanye uloliwe, ngokupheleleyo evela kwizinto zasekhaya. Lo kaloliwe yokuqala Stephenson kunye Cherepanovs waqalisa ukuba ukuthandwa kunye nokuthembeka.

Emva kweminyaka 6, ulwakhiwo kaloliwe yesibini. Waye ezinkulu kuneyokuqala ngenxa kwibhoyila anda, ngokulandelelana, ezinamandla ngakumbi.

Kungekudala uvavanyo indlela apho bazama zikaloliwe zabo Cherepanov, waye zezikhali kwi kwinyathelo lokuqala carting bakhi ihashe, apho ukwakhiwa kaloliwe lowo ongenakunceda nto.

Kungekudala emva kokuba umsebenzi waqalisa ekwakhiweni yendlela kaloliwe phakathi Tsarskoye Selo kunye eSt Petersburg. Lo kaloliwe yokuqala Stephenson kunye Cherepanovs wenza ukuba umsebenzi ngakumbi kukuxhobisa kwintsimi Russian kololiwe. Imisebenzi kweliso Frants Gersner, engineer Austria. Yena wayeqhelene isixhobo of kololiwe eJamani Belgium, bakholwa ukuba ububanzi umkhondo kula mazwe awuvumeli ukuba ukuyila zikaloliwe yoyilo isebenzayo. Ngoko ke wakhetha umkhondo ngokubanzi remade phantsi sisincoko wakhe, wayalela eNgilani Belgium.

Gerstner wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikaloliwe bakwazi ukwenza ezinye iimoto abakhweli, zisetyenziswa abakhweli 300. Ngo-1837 kaloliwe umphunga nako ukuwagqogqa yinxalenye 23 emotweni. Abakhweli bathabatha iinqwelo-12, yaye ezinye wanikwa ngenxa kulayishwa imfuyo.

Ukususela ngoko, lo loliwe zithutha rhoqo phakathi Kuzmin kunye kwilali Pavlovsk. Xa ekwindla ka-1837 yokuvulwa ozukileyo Tsarskoye Selo kaloliwe. Kwisigaba sexesha esilandelayo oololiwe wabaleka kuphela ngeeholide.

Izixhobo kaloliwe ibeke 2 njengesilinda. Ngalinye zikaloliwe yokuqala, wahamba indlela Tsarskoye Selo, waba igama. "Agile", "uMofokeng", "Elephant", "Boom", "Lion", "Eagle". Kamva gama indawo uthotho olunonjolweyo kunye ngonobumba.

Lo kaloliwe yesibini yakhiwa phakathi Warsaw kunye nomda Austria. Ubude yale isabelo km 308. Indlela yayisakhiwa ukusetyenziswa Stephenson gauge. Ngokuba lo kaloliwe de-1901 kwakukho zikaloliwe kuphela amazwe.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kuphuhliso zothutho ngololiwe eRashiya yaba kukwakha emendweni ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eSt Petersburg. Apha okwesihlandlo sokuqala kutyhilwa eqhelekileyo zonke zikaloliwe Russian ezazakhiwe kamva, njalo track indlela leyo ububanzi seenyawo-5. Isiphakamiso yelungiselelo onjalo wenziwa nokuba iinjineli Russian, okanye abacebisi ezivela eMelika. Esi sicwangciso ukhetho kufuneka kuchazwe yezizathu zokhuseleko okanye ububanzi lula inombolo ngeenxa zonke.

ukwakhiwa kaloliwe yaba push enkulu iRashiya phambili inkqubela mveliso. Lo kaloliwe yokuqala eRashiya yaba nempumelelo kakhulu, kwixesha elitsha.