Excalibur - Ikrele uKumkani Arthur: History and Legend

Korol Artur - Enye i edume abalawuli edume kwangaphambili. ngomfanekiso wakhe lwabonakala Mininzi imisebenzi uncwadi, kunye cinema. Yonke into enxulumene nalo mlawuli esikhulu neyabo - umdla kakhulu kwaye ligutyungelwe umkhusane kuyimfihlo. Excalibur - yenye ilejendi zeli amavo Celtic. Idla zabhidaniseka omnye izixhobo odumileyo - ikrele lilitye. Imbali ngekrele Excalibur - ukufumanisa Kwathi ngayo, weza kukumkani Arthur , yaye uphi na ngoku.

Umlawuli edume zaseBritani - ukuzalwa abakhuliswe

Tales kaKumkani Arthur wabonakala ixesha elide eyadlulayo. Sisihlandlo sokuqala edibana ngayo kunyaka-600. I-Welsh mbongo eli thuba isixelela malunga imfazwe phakathi neyabo Anglo-amaSaxons. Tales kaKumkani Arthur baba Bulelani idumile kwinkulungwane umbingeleli kunye nombhali XII, uGeoffrey of Monmouth, okanye uGeoffrey of Monmouth. Yena kuqala wajoyina iinkcukacha zale malunga umlawuli adumileyo neyabo abe indaba ecacileyo.

Arthur - nyana wokumkani edume le neyabo Uther Pendragon. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa isivumelwano eyayiyinike kwimfundo benza umlingo enkulu merlin. Loo nto, kamva wayalela akhuliswe ngayo lo mfana Sir Ector, kuba abafuni ukwenza ubomi kwi kwinkundla yakomkhulu ebekwe kwi-mark Arthur.

Ukufika Arthur ngamandla

Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini indlela uArthur wathabatha izintso. Ngokutsho inguqulelo imithombo yamandulo zoncwadi, yena wavakalisa ukumkani eBritani eneminyaka engama-15 emva kokufa kukayise Uther elifanelekileyo eziyityhefu.

Kwixesha elizayo, ibali kaKumkani Arthur uye waba lamandulo. Apha kukho ikrele idumileyo ilitye. Ekuqaleni, kwaba slab ilitye umpu elele kuso, eziqhotyoshelwe phantsi kwindawo nzima. Kamva, kwabakho ilitye kunye nombhalo kunye ikrele exabileyo kuwo, lowo azivale isixhobo, yaye uya kuba ngukumkani neyabo. Arthur watsala ikrele ngempazamo ngexesha ukhangela isixhobo umzalwana wakhe ogama Kay. Merlin wabhengeza inkwenkwe ukumkani, kodwa abaninzi abalawuli àbamazi, yemka yaya kulwa nxamnye Arthur. Kwafuneka ukukhusela itrone kunye nelungelo kuyo.

IBhodi Arthur ukubonakala yokuqala Excalibur

wenza ikomkhulu labo umzi ukumkani eliselula Camelot. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, wayalela ukuba ukwakha isixeko ukuba kuza elawula ilizwe. Apho kwesihloko, kuba kunzima ukutsho ukuba khona. Ngokutsho uguqulelo iqhelekileyo kucingwa ukuba Camelot - i-amphitheatre ngumzi uChester ntshona eNgilani. Dzheffri Monmut emsebenzini wakhe odumileyo "yeembali zookumkani Britain" wayekholelwa ukuba Camelot - oko Caerleon Castle, ibekwe eWales.

Korol Artur e Camelot, phambi kokoyiswa Britain amaSaxon of England imithetho, UBrittany kunye Ireland. Iintshaba umlawuli oselula lukhulu. Kuba ngoxa wayesilwa ngekrele elalivela ngaphandle ngamatye, kodwa umlo iingalo Pellinore baba eyaphukileyo. Emva koko ke ukumkani weza kumnceda merlin. Wathembisa ukuba Excalibur - ikrele, leyo iipropati emangalisayo. Wabhekisela Arthur Lake, amanzi apho zinokubonakala ngesandla nge incakuba. Ikrele Lady of the Lake ebambe. Ukumkanikazi wamnika ukumkani isixhobo umqathango - nala kuphela ngenxa entle uze ufumane oyidingayo elimangalisayo nayiphi chibi xa kuthe kwasweleka yomphathi. Arthur wathembisa ukuba isicelo sakhe.

Inkangeleko kunye neempawu yekrele

Oku kudla uchazwa blade ngqo igqityezelwe ngesiphatho elula cross-ezimilise, ihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo. The esingxotyeni ekreleni waba amandla omlingo - Bakuphilisa nayiphi inxeba. Nxiba babacela ukuba kusoloko kufutshane Excalibur, kungenjalo baphelelwe ngamandla abo magic. Sword wanika umniniyo amandla ngokukhawuleza edabini.

Excalibur - Igama izixhobo ezimangalisayo

Excalibur ngamaxesha ohlukeneyo oseto abizwa ngokwahlukileyo: Caliburn, Calado-Kolgo, Eskalibor. Eqhelekileyo kuthi kwafika igama evela French weencwadi zakudala.

Imvelaphi ngekrele

Legend ekreleni "Excalibur" imvelaphi yayo elidlulileyo kude. Kukho iinguqulelo eziliqela inkangeleko kwezi zixhobo. On omnye wabo, idale ichibi Lady ngokukodwa Arthur, waza wamthabatha kude emva kokufa kakumkani. Ngokutsho komnye legend idale a merlin omkhulu.

Kukho kwinguqulo ikrele Excalibur kunye iipropati ezingummangaliso iye bakhiwa Volund, i yaseScandinavia uthixo-Smith.

Ukufa Arthur and Excalibur zanyamalala

Xa ukumkani waya kufuna umfazi engalawulekiyo Guinevere, itrone yakhe wagabadela Umtshana (ngolunye uhlobo, unyana ongumgqakhwe) Mordred, lowo Arthur ahamba irhuluneli. Emva kokufunda sengxokozelo, ukumkani babuya baza balwa umngcatshi ukuya Kammlanskom endle. Kule mpi wawa wonke umkhosi eBritani. Arthur olimele kabi yi Mordred. Ukubuyela Sword Lady of the Lake, wafa.

Kodwa kukho ezinye iinguqulelo oko kwenzeka kukumkani. On omnye wabo, yena wasiwa kwisiqithi ookumkanikazi Avalon ezine. Ngokutsho legend, kukho isinyuko kwamanye ngemihlaba wazisa imihlola. Kuthiwa umlawuli omkhulu baseBritani elele zokulindela imini xa ilizwe lwakhe uncedo.

Hill of St. Michael e Somerset County na indawo enxulumene uKumkani Arthur. Xa unyawo yayo ibekwe Glastonbury - esinye sezixeko indala e-UK. Nokuba ngaphambi kokufika amaRoma yaba zokuhlala enkulu apha. Ngenkulungwane XII, ngexesha umsebenzi wokulungisa kwi Abbey, kwafunyaniswa njengoko iimonki bathi, sarcophagi uArthur Guinevere. Le ndawo iyi portal kwelinye izwe - Avalon.

Excalibur - apho amazwi edume?

Ngokutsho kumabali kuKumkani uArthur, phambi kokufa kwakhe, wacela ukuba kuphosa ikrele idumileyo amanzi echibini ekufuphi. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi yokugqibela kwabasindileyo Knights lweso siCwangciso Round. Nje qiniseka ukuba isicelo ayo, Arthur wafa. Emva koko, i-Excalibur, ikrele woKumkani omkhulu amaBritane, yalahleka ngonaphakade.

Umphandi evela eItali, walungisa Moiragi kwincwadi yakhe "Ukungaziwa San Galgano" ukholelwa kakhulu ukuba umatshini ngezikrweqe kaKumkani uArthur odumileyo nangoku wangcwatyelwa iliwa kwi Abbey San Galyano. Sasikho malunga nenkulungwane emva kwinkulungwane XII, ngoko akukho mathandabuzo malunga sokunyaniseka isixhobo yamandulo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kwebali Excalibur ikrele ophefumlelwe St. Galgano, Nguwo lowo umqondiso of non-ubundlobongela ndisifake iingalo zabo eliweni.

isiphelo

Ingaba kukho ikrele Excalibur ngokwenyani? Imbali uyazi imizekelo emininzi xa isithethe yamandulo yaba yimpumelelo. Tales kaKumkani Arthur ngokumangalisayo zikholeleke - siyazi lonke ibali umlawuli enkulu kwexesha Ages Dark eBritani, yaye yenza ukuba ilivo ngaye sele engundoqo efanele.

Excalibur - Ngekrele uKumkani Arthur edume le neyabo, ukuba ibali elide ezintle, kwakudala yaba oyidingayo wamandulo, nto leyo eyaba abagcina kuphela. Kuba abaphengululi mihla, Ufana oyiNgcwele Grail le Knights Round Table - ezininzi iphupha lakhe ukufumana nikholwe ubunyani izinto ezingcwele ezimangalisayo.